Sheldon Bacon
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View article: The Arctic Ocean Double Estuary: Quantification and Forcing Mechanisms
The Arctic Ocean Double Estuary: Quantification and Forcing Mechanisms Open
The Arctic Ocean double estuary is a “three‐legged” overturning system in which inflowing waters are converted into both lighter and denser waters before being exported equatorwards. As the northern terminus of the Atlantic Meridional Over…
View article: Arctic spin-up under melting sea ice 
Arctic spin-up under melting sea ice  Open
The Arctic sea ice has been rapidly declining due to climate change, with significant impacts on subpolar ocean dynamics and mid-latitude regional weather patterns. However, climate models (e.g., CMIP5 and CMIP6) show a large inter-model s…
View article: Rapid change in the Arctic – North Atlantic climate: using a dynamical systems framework to explore local stability, observability and teleconnections
Rapid change in the Arctic – North Atlantic climate: using a dynamical systems framework to explore local stability, observability and teleconnections Open
There is growing evidence for rapid Arctic climate change, including the intrusion of warm and saline Atlantic Water into the Arctic, seasonal sea ice loss and shifts in circulation pathways. These rapid Arctic changes can modulate subpola…
View article: Variability in the Arctic Ocean currents during 1990-2
Variability in the Arctic Ocean currents during 1990-2 Open
The Arctic Ocean is changing rapidly due to climate change, with significant impacts on subpolar ocean dynamics and mid-latitude regional weather. By utilizing a global, 1/12 degree, ocean sea-ice model (NEMO-SI3), which is forced at its s…
View article: European summer weather linked to North Atlantic freshwater anomalies in preceding years
European summer weather linked to North Atlantic freshwater anomalies in preceding years Open
Amplified Arctic ice loss in recent decades has been linked to the increased occurrence of extreme mid-latitude weather. The underlying mechanisms remain elusive, however. One potential link occurs through the ocean as the loss of sea ice …
View article: Observed mechanisms activating the recent subpolar North Atlantic Warming since 2016
Observed mechanisms activating the recent subpolar North Atlantic Warming since 2016 Open
The overturning circulation of the subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA) plays a fundamental role in Earth’s climate variability and change. Here, we show from observations that the recent warming period since about 2016 in the eastern SPNA invol…
View article: Mixing and air–sea buoyancy fluxes set the time-mean overturning circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic and Nordic Seas
Mixing and air–sea buoyancy fluxes set the time-mean overturning circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic and Nordic Seas Open
The overturning streamfunction as measured at the OSNAP (Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program) mooring array represents the transformation of warm, salty Atlantic Water into cold, fresh North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). The m…
View article: Comment on wcd-2023-1
Comment on wcd-2023-1 Open
Abstract. Amplified Arctic ice loss in recent decades has been linked to increased occurrence of extreme mid-latitude weather. The underlying mechanisms remain elusive, however. One potential link occurs through the ocean as the loss of se…
View article: Accelerated North Atlantic climate variability triggered by increased seasonal melt
Accelerated North Atlantic climate variability triggered by increased seasonal melt Open
Freshwater plays a key role in the Arctic - North Atlantic climate system. On the one hand, it has been suggested as a precursor of large-scale weather extremes and as a potential trigger of rapid climate changes in the past. On the other …
View article: European summer weather linked to North Atlantic freshwater events in preceding years
European summer weather linked to North Atlantic freshwater events in preceding years Open
Amplified Arctic ice loss in recent decades has been linked to increased occurrence of extreme mid-latitude weather. The underlying mechanisms remain elusive, however. One potential link occurs through the ocean as the loss of sea ice and …
View article: Comment on egusphere-2022-1059
Comment on egusphere-2022-1059 Open
The overturning streamfunction as measured at the OSNAP (Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program) mooring array represents the transformation of warm/salty Atlantic Water into cold/fresh North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). The mag…
View article: Mixing and air-sea buoyancy fluxes set the time-mean overturning circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic
Mixing and air-sea buoyancy fluxes set the time-mean overturning circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic Open
The overturning streamfunction as measured at the OSNAP (Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program) mooring array represents the transformation of warm/salty Atlantic Water into cold/fresh North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). The mag…
View article: Irminger Sea Is the Center of Action for Subpolar AMOC Variability
Irminger Sea Is the Center of Action for Subpolar AMOC Variability Open
Significant societally important climate impacts can be caused by changes in the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) at higher latitudes. Focusing on variability and long‐term change of the subpolar North Atl…
View article: Mixing and air-sea buoyancy fluxes drive the overturning circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic
Mixing and air-sea buoyancy fluxes drive the overturning circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic Open
<p>The overturning streamfunction as measured at the OSNAP (Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program) mooring array represents the transformation of warm/salty Atlantic Water into cold/fresh North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW)…
View article: Comment on wcd-2021-79
Comment on wcd-2021-79 Open
Amplified Arctic ice loss in recent decades has been linked to increased occurrence of extreme mid-latitude weather. The underlying dynamical mechanisms remain elusive, however. Here, we demonstrate a novel mechanism linking freshwater rel…
View article: Arctic Ocean Boundary Exchanges: A Review
Arctic Ocean Boundary Exchanges: A Review Open
The Arctic Ocean has long been—and to a large extent remains—a data-sparse region. Paucity of ocean and atmosphere measurements impacts the fidelity of atmospheric reanalyses, and ungauged rivers lead to uncertainties in measurement-based …
View article: North Atlantic freshwater events influence European weather in subsequent summers
North Atlantic freshwater events influence European weather in subsequent summers Open
Amplified Arctic ice loss in recent decades has been linked to increased occurrence of extreme mid-latitude weather. The underlying dynamical mechanisms remain elusive, however. Here, we demonstrate a novel mechanism linking freshwater rel…
View article: Freshwater in the Arctic Ocean 2010–2019
Freshwater in the Arctic Ocean 2010–2019 Open
The Arctic climate system is rapidly transitioning into a new regime with a reduction in the extent of sea ice, enhanced mixing in the ocean and atmosphere, and thus enhanced coupling within the ocean–ice–atmosphere system; these physical …
View article: Freshwater in the Arctic Ocean 2010–2019
Freshwater in the Arctic Ocean 2010–2019 Open
The Arctic climate system is rapidly transitioning into a new regime with a reduction in the extent of sea ice, enhanced mixing in the ocean and atmosphere, and thus enhanced coupling within the ocean-ice-atmosphere system; these physical …
View article: Control of the Oceanic Heat Content of the Getz‐Dotson Trough, Antarctica, by the Amundsen Sea Low
Control of the Oceanic Heat Content of the Getz‐Dotson Trough, Antarctica, by the Amundsen Sea Low Open
The changing supply of warm Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) to the West Antarctic continental shelf is responsible for the basal melting and thinning of the West Antarctic ice shelves that has occurred in recent decades. Here we assess the va…
View article: Arctic Ocean and Hudson Bay Freshwater Exports: New Estimates from Seven Decades of Hydrographic Surveys on the Labrador Shelf
Arctic Ocean and Hudson Bay Freshwater Exports: New Estimates from Seven Decades of Hydrographic Surveys on the Labrador Shelf Open
While reasonable knowledge of multidecadal Arctic freshwater storage variability exists, we have little knowledge of Arctic freshwater exports on similar time scales. A hydrographic time series from the Labrador Shelf, spanning seven decad…
View article: The Arctic and the UK: climate, research and engagement
The Arctic and the UK: climate, research and engagement Open
This discussion paper explains how the UK’s climate is linked to conditions in the Arctic, and why a UK Arctic science strategy is integral to understanding how global warming will change the Arctic and affect the UK.
View article: Wind-Driven Processes Controlling Oceanic Heat Delivery to the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica
Wind-Driven Processes Controlling Oceanic Heat Delivery to the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica Open
Variability in the heat delivery by Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) is responsible for modulating the basal melting of the Amundsen Sea ice shelves. However, the mechanisms controlling the CDW inflow to the region’s continental shelf remain l…
View article: Arctic freshwater fluxes: sources, tracer budgets and inconsistencies
Arctic freshwater fluxes: sources, tracer budgets and inconsistencies Open
The net rate of freshwater input to the Arctic Ocean has been calculated in the past by two methods: directly, as the sum of precipitation, evaporation and runoff, an approach hindered by sparsity of measurements, and by the ice and ocean …
View article: Reframing the carbon cycle of the subpolar Southern Ocean
Reframing the carbon cycle of the subpolar Southern Ocean Open
Open-ocean biology and the horizontal circulation set the rate of carbon uptake in the subpolar Southern Ocean.
View article: Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: Observed Transport and Variability
Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: Observed Transport and Variability Open
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) extends from the Southern Ocean to the northern North Atlantic, transporting heat northwards throughout the South and North Atlantic, and sinking carbon and nutrients into the deep oce…
View article: Phased Response of the Subpolar Southern Ocean to Changes in Circumpolar Winds
Phased Response of the Subpolar Southern Ocean to Changes in Circumpolar Winds Open
The response of the subpolar Southern Ocean (sSO) to wind forcing is assessed using satellite radar altimetry. sSO sea level exhibits a phased, zonally coherent, bimodal adjustment to circumpolar wind changes, involving comparable seasonal…