Shua J. Chai
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View article: Public knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward heat stroke in Ningbo, China: a cross-sectional study
Public knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward heat stroke in Ningbo, China: a cross-sectional study Open
Background Heat stroke, a severe heat illness with high mortality rates, is increasingly prevalent due to rising temperatures. This study aimed to assess public knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding heat stroke. Methods We co…
View article: Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations During a High Severity Season — Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network, United States, 2024–25 Influenza Season
Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations During a High Severity Season — Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network, United States, 2024–25 Influenza Season Open
The U.S. 2024-25 influenza season was a high-severity season characterized by co-circulation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses. Data from the Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network covering 9% of the U.S. population, we…
View article: Achievement and Challenges in Orthohantavirus Vaccines
Achievement and Challenges in Orthohantavirus Vaccines Open
Orthohantaviruses (also known as hantaviruses) are pathogens that cause two distinct, yet related forms of severe human disease: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). These diseases pose a si…
View article: 419. Changing Epidemiology of Pediatric Invasive Group A <i>Streptococcus</i> Infections in the United States, 2004-2022
419. Changing Epidemiology of Pediatric Invasive Group A <i>Streptococcus</i> Infections in the United States, 2004-2022 Open
Background Recent reports from children’s hospitals of increasing pediatric invasive Group A Streptococcus (iGAS) infections triggered national concern. Clindamycin and penicillin dual therapy is often recommended for iGAS, which is life-t…
View article: Assessing and projecting the global impacts of Alzheimer’s disease
Assessing and projecting the global impacts of Alzheimer’s disease Open
Background This study aims to assess the global burden of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) from 1990 to 2030, with a focus on incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY). Methods Data on the incidence rates, DALY rates, and dea…
View article: Underdiagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome-like illness in a large integrated healthcare system — Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2022-2023
Underdiagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome-like illness in a large integrated healthcare system — Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2022-2023 Open
Background Surveillance of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), a chronic, debilitating multisystem illness, is challenging because ME/CFS can be under-recognized in healthcare settings. Methods Using a population-b…
View article: Underutilization of Influenza Antiviral Treatment Among Children and Adolescents at Higher Risk for Influenza-Associated Complications — United States, 2023–2024
Underutilization of Influenza Antiviral Treatment Among Children and Adolescents at Higher Risk for Influenza-Associated Complications — United States, 2023–2024 Open
Annually, tens of thousands of U.S. children and adolescents are hospitalized with seasonal influenza virus infection. Both influenza vaccination and early initiation of antiviral treatment can reduce complications of influenza. Using data…
View article: Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Associated Hospitalizations in US Adults, October 2016 to September 2023
Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Associated Hospitalizations in US Adults, October 2016 to September 2023 Open
Importance Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection can cause severe illness in adults. However, there is considerable uncertainty in the burden of RSV-associated hospitalizations among adults prior to RSV vaccine introduction. Objectiv…
View article: The Burden of All-Cause Mortality Following Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations: Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network, 2010–2019
The Burden of All-Cause Mortality Following Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations: Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network, 2010–2019 Open
Background While the estimated number of US influenza-associated deaths is reported annually, detailed data on the epidemiology of influenza-associated deaths, including the burden of in-hospital vs post-hospital discharge deaths, are limi…
View article: Risk of Clade II Mpox Associated with Intimate and Nonintimate Close Contact Among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Adults — United States, August 2022–July 2023
Risk of Clade II Mpox Associated with Intimate and Nonintimate Close Contact Among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Adults — United States, August 2022–July 2023 Open
A global outbreak of clade II mpox associated with sexual contact, disproportionately affecting gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM), has been ongoing since May 2022. Information on types of contact most associated with…
View article: COVID-19–Associated Hospitalizations and Maternal Vaccination Among Infants Aged <6 Months — COVID-NET, 12 States, October 2022–April 2024
COVID-19–Associated Hospitalizations and Maternal Vaccination Among Infants Aged <6 Months — COVID-NET, 12 States, October 2022–April 2024 Open
Infants aged <6 months are at increased risk for severe COVID-19 disease but are not yet eligible for COVID-19 vaccination; these children depend upon transplacental transfer of maternal antibody, either from vaccination or infection, for …
View article: Impact of COVID-19 on myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome-like illness prevalence: A cross-sectional survey
Impact of COVID-19 on myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome-like illness prevalence: A cross-sectional survey Open
Background Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) can be triggered by infectious agents including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID…
View article: Healthcare personnel with laboratory-confirmed mpox in California during the 2022 outbreak
Healthcare personnel with laboratory-confirmed mpox in California during the 2022 outbreak Open
The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) reviewed 109 cases of healthcare personnel (HCP) with laboratory-confirmed mpox to understand transmission risk in healthcare settings. Overall, 90% of HCP with mpox had nonoccupational exp…
View article: Characteristics and Outcomes of Pregnant Women Hospitalized With Laboratory-Confirmed Respiratory Syncytial Virus Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Characteristics and Outcomes of Pregnant Women Hospitalized With Laboratory-Confirmed Respiratory Syncytial Virus Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Open
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause severe disease among infants and older adults. Less is known about RSV among pregnant women. Methods To analyze hospitalizations with laboratory-confirmed RSV among women aged 18 to 49…
View article: Clinical Outcomes of US Adults Hospitalized for COVID-19 and Influenza in the Respiratory Virus Hospitalization Surveillance Network, October 2021–September 2022
Clinical Outcomes of US Adults Hospitalized for COVID-19 and Influenza in the Respiratory Virus Hospitalization Surveillance Network, October 2021–September 2022 Open
Severe outcomes were common among adults hospitalized for COVID-19 or influenza, while the percentage of COVID-19 hospitalizations involving critical care decreased from October 2021 to September 2022. During the Omicron BA.5 period, inten…
View article: Association of Chronic Medical Conditions With Severe Outcomes Among Nonpregnant Adults 18–49 Years Old Hospitalized With Influenza, FluSurv-NET, 2011–2019
Association of Chronic Medical Conditions With Severe Outcomes Among Nonpregnant Adults 18–49 Years Old Hospitalized With Influenza, FluSurv-NET, 2011–2019 Open
Background Older age and chronic conditions are associated with severe influenza outcomes; however, data are only comprehensively available for adults ≥65 years old. Using data from the Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSu…
View article: 2614. Trends in characteristics of influenza-associated hospitalizations among pregnant women, FluSurv-NET 2015-2016 through 2022-2023 seasons
2614. Trends in characteristics of influenza-associated hospitalizations among pregnant women, FluSurv-NET 2015-2016 through 2022-2023 seasons Open
Background Surveillance data from the Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv-NET) detected an increase over time in the proportion of hospitalized women of child-bearing age with laboratory-confirmed influenza who were pre…
View article: 473. Trends among hospitalized pregnant patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 — COVID-NET, 14 U.S. States, January 2021–January 2023
473. Trends among hospitalized pregnant patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 — COVID-NET, 14 U.S. States, January 2021–January 2023 Open
Background Pregnant persons are at increased risk for adverse outcomes from COVID-19 infection. We describe trends and clinical outcomes among pregnant patients hospitalized with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Methods From January 2021–Januar…
View article: Characteristics and Outcomes Among Adults Aged ≥60 Years Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed Respiratory Syncytial Virus — RSV-NET, 12 States, July 2022–June 2023
Characteristics and Outcomes Among Adults Aged ≥60 Years Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed Respiratory Syncytial Virus — RSV-NET, 12 States, July 2022–June 2023 Open
View article: High Influenza Incidence and Disease Severity Among Children and Adolescents Aged <18 Years ― United States, 2022–23 Season
High Influenza Incidence and Disease Severity Among Children and Adolescents Aged <18 Years ― United States, 2022–23 Season Open
During the 2022-23 influenza season, early increases in influenza activity, co-circulation of influenza with other respiratory viruses, and high influenza-associated hospitalization rates, particularly among children and adolescents, were …
View article: Sexual Exposures Associated With Mpox Infection: California, November 2022 to June 2023
Sexual Exposures Associated With Mpox Infection: California, November 2022 to June 2023 Open
Background Exposures associated with mpox infection remain imperfectly understood. Methods We conducted a case-control study enrolling participants who received molecular tests for mpox/orthopoxvirus in California from November 2022 throug…
View article: Characteristics and Outcomes Among Adults Aged ≥60 Years Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed Respiratory Syncytial Virus — RSV-NET, 12 States, July 2022–June 2023
Characteristics and Outcomes Among Adults Aged ≥60 Years Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed Respiratory Syncytial Virus — RSV-NET, 12 States, July 2022–June 2023 Open
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes substantial morbidity and mortality in older adults. In May 2023, two RSV vaccines were approved for prevention of RSV lower respiratory tract disease in adults aged ≥60 years. In June 2023, CDC rec…
View article: Prevalence and incidence of tuberculosis infection among healthcare workers in chest diseases hospitals, Bangladesh: Putting infection control into context
Prevalence and incidence of tuberculosis infection among healthcare workers in chest diseases hospitals, Bangladesh: Putting infection control into context Open
Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of tuberculosis infection (TBI). We estimated the prevalence and incidence of TBI and risk factors among HCWs in Bangladeshi hospitals to target TB infection prevention and control…
View article: Sexual exposures associated with mpox infection: California, November 2022 to June 2023
Sexual exposures associated with mpox infection: California, November 2022 to June 2023 Open
Background Exposures associated with mpox infection remain imperfectly understood. Methods We conducted a case-control study enrolling participants who received molecular tests for mpox/orthopoxvirus in California from November 2022 throug…
View article: Healthcare personnel with laboratory-confirmed mpox in California
Healthcare personnel with laboratory-confirmed mpox in California Open
Objectives: Few reports have been published about the transmission of mpox in healthcare settings. During the 2022 multinational outbreak, the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) conducted a systematic review of healthcare person…
View article: Estimated Effectiveness of JYNNEOS Vaccine in Preventing Mpox: A Multijurisdictional Case-Control Study — United States, August 19, 2022–March 31, 2023
Estimated Effectiveness of JYNNEOS Vaccine in Preventing Mpox: A Multijurisdictional Case-Control Study — United States, August 19, 2022–March 31, 2023 Open
As of March 31, 2023, more than 30,000 monkeypox (mpox) cases had been reported in the United States in an outbreak that has disproportionately affected gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender persons (1). …
View article: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Delta Variant Genomic Variation Associated With Breakthrough Infection in Northern California: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Delta Variant Genomic Variation Associated With Breakthrough Infection in Northern California: A Retrospective Cohort Study Open
Background The association between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomic variation and breakthrough infection is not well defined among persons with Delta variant SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods In a retrospect…
View article: Vaccination Status and Trends in Adult Coronavirus Disease 2019–Associated Hospitalizations by Race and Ethnicity: March 2020–August 2022
Vaccination Status and Trends in Adult Coronavirus Disease 2019–Associated Hospitalizations by Race and Ethnicity: March 2020–August 2022 Open
Background We sought to determine whether race/ethnicity disparities in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes persist in the era of vaccination. Methods Population-based age-adjusted monthly rate ratios (RRs) of laboratory-co…
View article: Use of Wastewater for Mpox Outbreak Surveillance in California
Use of Wastewater for Mpox Outbreak Surveillance in California Open
View article: COVID-19–Associated Hospitalizations Among U.S. Infants Aged <6 Months — COVID-NET, 13 States, June 2021–August 2022
COVID-19–Associated Hospitalizations Among U.S. Infants Aged <6 Months — COVID-NET, 13 States, June 2021–August 2022 Open
COVID-19-associated hospitalization rates are highest among adults aged ≥65 years (1); however, COVID-19 can and does cause severe and fatal outcomes in children, including infants (2,3). After the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Om…