Shoji Hirahara
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View article: Midlatitude Atmosphere–Ocean Interaction Reinforces the East Asian Winter Monsoon
Midlatitude Atmosphere–Ocean Interaction Reinforces the East Asian Winter Monsoon Open
The strong East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) frequently brings severe cold weather and heavy snowfall to East Asia, emphasizing the needs for a comprehensive understanding of its underlying mechanisms. This study investigates how midlatitud…
View article: Surface Pressure Semidiurnal Tides and the Stratospheric Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation: Synchronization and Disruption
Surface Pressure Semidiurnal Tides and the Stratospheric Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation: Synchronization and Disruption Open
Atmospheric surface pressure provides valuable information on the vertical dynamical structure of the atmosphere. Previous studies have reported that among the waves observed in surface pressure, semidiurnal tides (SDTs) are significantly …
View article: Early results of OSEs conducted for the SynObs international multi-system OSE effort using an Japanese operational system
Early results of OSEs conducted for the SynObs international multi-system OSE effort using an Japanese operational system Open
“Synergistic Observing Network for Ocean Prediction (SynObs)” is a project of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. SynObs aims to find the way to extract maximum benefits from the combination …
View article: Global Historical Reanalysis with a 60-km AGCM and Surface Pressure Observations: OCADA
Global Historical Reanalysis with a 60-km AGCM and Surface Pressure Observations: OCADA Open
A historical atmospheric reanalysis from 1850 to 2015 was performed using an atmospheric general circulation model assimilating surface pressure observations archived in international databases, with perturbed observational sea surface tem…
View article: Toward improvement of cloud representation in the Eurasian continental interior in CPS
Toward improvement of cloud representation in the Eurasian continental interior in CPS Open
 In February 2022, the Japan Meteorological Agency started operating its third-generation seasonal ensemble prediction system (CPS3; Coupled Prediction System version 3; Hirahara et al. 2023). CPS3 is based on an atmosphere/ocean/land…
View article: Japan Meteorological Agency/Meteorological Research Institute Coupled Prediction System Version 3 (JMA/MRI–CPS3)
Japan Meteorological Agency/Meteorological Research Institute Coupled Prediction System Version 3 (JMA/MRI–CPS3) Open
A new operational seasonal forecast system, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)/Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) Coupled Prediction System (CPS) version 3 (JMA/MRI–CPS3), has been developed. This system represents a major upgrade of t…
View article: The ERA5 global reanalysis
The ERA5 global reanalysis Open
Within the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), ECMWF is producing the ERA5 reanalysis which, once completed, will embody a detailed record of the global atmosphere, land surface and ocean waves from 1950 onwards. This new reanalysis r…
View article: Environmental Lapse Rate for High‐Resolution Land Surface Downscaling: An Application to ERA5
Environmental Lapse Rate for High‐Resolution Land Surface Downscaling: An Application to ERA5 Open
In this study we derive the environmental lapse rate (ELR) from vertical profiles of temperature in the lower troposphere, applying it to downscale air temperature of the new European Centre For Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reana…
View article: Estimating Sea Surface Temperature Measurement Methods Using Characteristic Differences in the Diurnal Cycle
Estimating Sea Surface Temperature Measurement Methods Using Characteristic Differences in the Diurnal Cycle Open
Lack of reliable observational metadata represents a key barrier to understanding sea surface temperature (SST) measurement biases, a large contributor to uncertainty in the global surface record. We present a method to identify SST measur…
View article: Prediction and attribution of quiescent tropical cyclone activity in the early summer of 2016: case study of lingering effects by preceding strong El Niño events
Prediction and attribution of quiescent tropical cyclone activity in the early summer of 2016: case study of lingering effects by preceding strong El Niño events Open
We investigated mechanisms contributing to the quiescent tropical cyclone (TC) activity in the western North Pacific (WNP) during the early summer (May–July) of 2016 by conducting and analysing seasonal predictions and sensitivity experime…
View article: Accuracy of Global Upper Ocean Heat Content Estimation Expected from Present Observational Data Sets
Accuracy of Global Upper Ocean Heat Content Estimation Expected from Present Observational Data Sets Open
The simplest global mapping method and dense data coverage for the global oceans by the latest observation network ensure an estimate of global ocean heat content (OHC) within a satisfactory uncertainty for the last 60 years. The observati…
View article: A Call for New Approaches to Quantifying Biases in Observations of Sea Surface Temperature
A Call for New Approaches to Quantifying Biases in Observations of Sea Surface Temperature Open
Global surface temperature changes are a fundamental expression of climate change. Recent, much-debated variations in the observed rate of surface temperature change have highlighted the importance of uncertainty in adjustments applied to …
View article: A reassessment of temperature variations and trends from global reanalyses and monthly surface climatological datasets
A reassessment of temperature variations and trends from global reanalyses and monthly surface climatological datasets Open
The ERA‐Interim and JRA‐55 reanalyses of synoptic data and several conventional analyses of monthly climatological data provide similar estimates of global‐mean surface warming since 1979. They broadly agree on the character of interannual…
View article: Effect of solar zenith angle specification in models on mean shortwave fluxes and stratospheric temperatures
Effect of solar zenith angle specification in models on mean shortwave fluxes and stratospheric temperatures Open
Many weather and climate models call their radiation schemes only every 3 h, which we show can lead to a stratospheric temperature overestimate of 3–5 K and wavenumber 8 fluctuations in top‐of‐atmosphere (TOA) net shortwave flux around the…