Shun‐Rong Zhang
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View article: Imprint of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation on ionosphere and thermosphere
Imprint of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation on ionosphere and thermosphere Open
View article: Parental Smoking and Risk of Allergic Conjunctivitis in Chinese Pediatric Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
Parental Smoking and Risk of Allergic Conjunctivitis in Chinese Pediatric Population: A Cross-Sectional Study Open
This cross-sectional study showed that influence of inappropriate parental smoking on the risk of incident AC. Parental smoking was associated with increased risk of AC in children. Reducing parental smoking may help lower this risk. These…
View article: The extreme depletion of ionospheric electron density and its hemispheric asymmetry during the May 2024 storm
The extreme depletion of ionospheric electron density and its hemispheric asymmetry during the May 2024 storm Open
The Earth's ionosphere plays a critical role in radio wave transmission, reflection, and scattering, directly affecting communication, navigation, and positioning systems. However, the comprehensive impacts of space weather remain to be fu…
View article: Impact of Terrestrial Weather on the Space Weather of the Ionosphere-Thermosphere: Initial Results from a NASA Living with a Star Focused Science Topic
Impact of Terrestrial Weather on the Space Weather of the Ionosphere-Thermosphere: Initial Results from a NASA Living with a Star Focused Science Topic Open
The ionosphere-thermosphere (IT) is a convergence point of energy and processes that interconnect Earth’s atmosphere with space. Processes generated by terrestrial weather in the lower atmosphere (i.e., troposphere and stratosphere, altitu…
View article: Detection of wave activity in measurements of thermospheric vertical winds and temperatures at subauroral latitudes
Detection of wave activity in measurements of thermospheric vertical winds and temperatures at subauroral latitudes Open
The need for high precision measurements of vertical winds with uncertainties on the scale of 3–5 m and a temporal cadence of 1–2 min to achieve detection of gravity wave (GW) structure has made it exceedingly difficult to study the respo…
View article: The Role of Downward Plasma Diffusion in the Ionospheric Nighttime Weddell Sea Anomaly
The Role of Downward Plasma Diffusion in the Ionospheric Nighttime Weddell Sea Anomaly Open
This study investigates the role of downward plasma diffusion in the ionospheric nighttime Weddell Sea Anomaly (WSA), characterized by an anomalous diurnal electron density peak in nighttime from the South Pacific to South America. Traditi…
View article: Ionospheric Lamb Waves With Conical Phase Fronts Following the 2022 Tonga Eruption Unveiled by BeiDou GEO Observations
Ionospheric Lamb Waves With Conical Phase Fronts Following the 2022 Tonga Eruption Unveiled by BeiDou GEO Observations Open
Prior observational uncertainties have hindered the clear understanding of the link between tropospheric Lamb waves and ionospheric disturbances. In this study, we precisely extracted ionospheric Lamb waves originating from the epicenter o…
View article: Tracking traveling ionospheric disturbances through Doppler-shifted AM radio transmissions
Tracking traveling ionospheric disturbances through Doppler-shifted AM radio transmissions Open
Six specialized radio receivers were developed to measure the Doppler shift of amplitude modulation (AM) broadcast radio carrier signals due to ionospheric effects. Five were deployed approximately in a circle at a one-hop distance from an…
View article: A Statistical Study of the Decreased TEC Region During Summer at Northern High Latitudes
A Statistical Study of the Decreased TEC Region During Summer at Northern High Latitudes Open
Based on the vertical Total Electron Content (TEC) data observed by the Global Navigation Satellite System in the northern hemisphere, a large area of low plasma density during summer at high latitudes, termed decreased TEC region, was inv…
View article: Magnetically Quiet‐Time Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Over Mid‐Latitude Eastern Europe Observed by the Kharkiv Incoherent Scatter Radar During the 24th Solar Cycle
Magnetically Quiet‐Time Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Over Mid‐Latitude Eastern Europe Observed by the Kharkiv Incoherent Scatter Radar During the 24th Solar Cycle Open
We have detected and characterize traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) in the mid‐latitude ionosphere over Europe using data from the Kharkiv incoherent scatter (IS) radar. The study focused on observations near solstices and equinoxe…
View article: Were Gravity Waves or Lamb Waves Responsible for the Large‐Scale Thermospheric Response to the Tonga Eruption?
Were Gravity Waves or Lamb Waves Responsible for the Large‐Scale Thermospheric Response to the Tonga Eruption? Open
The extraordinary eruption of the Tonga volcano on 15 January 2022 lofted material to heights exceeding 50 km, marking the highest observed since the satellite era. This eruption caused significant disturbances spanning from the hydrospher…
View article: The Need for Better Monitoring of Climate Change in the Middle and Upper Atmosphere
The Need for Better Monitoring of Climate Change in the Middle and Upper Atmosphere Open
Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions significantly impact the middle and upper atmosphere. They cause cooling and thermal shrinking and affect the atmospheric structure. Atmospheric contraction results in changes in key atmospheric featu…
View article: Resolving the generation mechanisms and electrodynamical effects of Medium Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (MSTIDs)
Resolving the generation mechanisms and electrodynamical effects of Medium Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (MSTIDs) Open
The term “Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances” is used to describe a number of different propagating phenomena in ionospheric plasma density with a scale size of hundreds of km. This includes multiple generation mechanisms, inc…
View article: Interplay of Gravity Waves and Disturbance Electric Fields to the Abnormal Ionospheric Variations During the 11 May 2024 Superstorm
Interplay of Gravity Waves and Disturbance Electric Fields to the Abnormal Ionospheric Variations During the 11 May 2024 Superstorm Open
The strongest geomagnetic storm in the preceding two decades occurred in May 2024. Over these years, ground‐based observational capabilities have been significantly enhanced to monitor the ionospheric weather. Notably, the newly establishe…
View article: Uniform set systems with small VC-dimension
Uniform set systems with small VC-dimension Open
We investigate the longstanding problem of determining the maximum size of a $(d+1)$-uniform set system with VC-dimension at most $d$. Since the seminal 1984 work of Frankl and Pach, which established the elegant upper bound $\binom{n}{d}$…
View article: Three‐Dimensional Characterization of Global Ionospheric Disturbances During the 15 January 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption
Three‐Dimensional Characterization of Global Ionospheric Disturbances During the 15 January 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption Open
The global 3‐dimensional structure of the concentric traveling ionospheric disturbances (CTIDs) triggered by 2022 Tonga volcano was reconstructed by using the 3‐dimensional computerized ionospheric tomography (3DCIT) technique and extensiv…
View article: <scp>EML4</scp>‐<scp>ALK</scp>‐Positive Ovarian Cancer With Intracranial Metastasis Responds to Lorlatinib: A Case Report and Literature Review
<span>EML4</span>‐<span>ALK</span>‐Positive Ovarian Cancer With Intracranial Metastasis Responds to Lorlatinib: A Case Report and Literature Review Open
We report a case showing that lorlatinib is effective in treating EML4‐ALK‐positive low‐grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSO) with intracranial metastasis. This may be the first clinical evidence of LGSO benefit from ALK inhibitors, to provid…
View article: Global Distribution of Ionospheric Topside Diffusive Flux and Midlatitude Electron Density Enhancement in Winter Nighttime
Global Distribution of Ionospheric Topside Diffusive Flux and Midlatitude Electron Density Enhancement in Winter Nighttime Open
Ionospheric topside diffusive flux is derived using Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) radio occultation data, to investigate its global distribution and also its role in winter nighttime enhan…
View article: Magnetically quiet-time traveling ionospheric disturbances over mid-latitude Eastern Europe observed by the Kharkiv incoherent scatter radar during the 24th solar cycle
Magnetically quiet-time traveling ionospheric disturbances over mid-latitude Eastern Europe observed by the Kharkiv incoherent scatter radar during the 24th solar cycle Open
View article: Impacts of Thunderstorm‐Generated Gravity Waves on the Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Using TIEGCM‐NG/MAGIC Simulations and Comparisons With GNSS TEC, ICON, and COSMIC‐2 Observations
Impacts of Thunderstorm‐Generated Gravity Waves on the Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Using TIEGCM‐NG/MAGIC Simulations and Comparisons With GNSS TEC, ICON, and COSMIC‐2 Observations Open
We use the TIEGCM‐NG nudged by MAGIC gravity waves to study the impacts of a severe thunderstorm system, with a hundred tornado touchdowns, on the ionospheric and thermospheric disturbances. The generated waves induce a distinct concentric…
View article: The Double Peak Superposition on the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Crests During the 23 April 2023 Storm
The Double Peak Superposition on the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Crests During the 23 April 2023 Storm Open
The typical equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) exhibits two crests around the magnetic equator. Here we reported evidence for a double‐peak superposition at the EIA crest of each hemisphere, forming a four‐peak structure, with the additio…
View article: Global Distribution of Ionospheric Topside Diffusive Flux and Midlatitude Electron Density Enhancement in Winter Nighttime
Global Distribution of Ionospheric Topside Diffusive Flux and Midlatitude Electron Density Enhancement in Winter Nighttime Open
View article: Global Distribution of Ionospheric Topside Diffusive Flux and Midlatitude Electron Density Enhancement in Winter Nighttime
Global Distribution of Ionospheric Topside Diffusive Flux and Midlatitude Electron Density Enhancement in Winter Nighttime Open
View article: Significant Midlatitude Plasma Density Peaks and Dual‐Hemisphere SED During the 10–11 May 2024 Super Geomagnetic Storm
Significant Midlatitude Plasma Density Peaks and Dual‐Hemisphere SED During the 10–11 May 2024 Super Geomagnetic Storm Open
This study investigates midlatitude ionospheric variations during the super geomagnetic storm on 10–11 May 2024, utilizing multi‐instrument data from ground‐based sources (Global Navigation Satellite Systems receivers and a Fabry–Perot Int…
View article: Midlatitude Plasma Blob‐like Structures Along With Super Equatorial Plasma Bubbles During the May 2024 Great Geomagnetic Storm
Midlatitude Plasma Blob‐like Structures Along With Super Equatorial Plasma Bubbles During the May 2024 Great Geomagnetic Storm Open
Plasma blob is generally a low‐latitude phenomenon occurring at the poleward edge of equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) during post‐sunset periods. Here we report a case of midlatitude ionospheric plasma blob‐like structures occurring along wi…
View article: Imaging the May 2024 Extreme Aurora With Ionospheric Total Electron Content
Imaging the May 2024 Extreme Aurora With Ionospheric Total Electron Content Open
The continental United States is well instrumented with facilities for mid‐latitude upper atmosphere research that operate on a continuous basis. In addition, citizen scientists provide a wealth of information when unusual events occur. We…
View article: A review of global long-term changes in the mesosphere, thermosphere and ionosphere: A starting point for inclusion in (semi-) empirical models
A review of global long-term changes in the mesosphere, thermosphere and ionosphere: A starting point for inclusion in (semi-) empirical models Open
The climate of the upper atmosphere, including the mesosphere, thermosphere and ionosphere, is changing. As data records are much more limited than in the lower atmosphere and solar variability becomes increasingly dominant at higher altit…
View article: The High Latitude Ionospheric Response to the Major May 2024 Geomagnetic Storm: A Synoptic View
The High Latitude Ionospheric Response to the Major May 2024 Geomagnetic Storm: A Synoptic View Open
The high latitude ionospheric evolution of the May 10‐11, 2024, geomagnetic storm is investigated in terms of Total Electron Content and contextualized with Incoherent Scatter Radar and ionosonde observations. Substantial plasma lifting is…
View article: A long time-series forecasting informer architecture-based ionospheric foF2 model in the low-latitude region
A long time-series forecasting informer architecture-based ionospheric foF2 model in the low-latitude region Open
Deep learning models have made great accomplishments in space weather forecasting. The critical frequency of the ionospheric F2 layer (foF2) is a key ionospheric parameter, which can be understood and predicted by some advanced new deep le…
View article: Multi‐Instrument and SAMI3‐TIDAS Data Assimilation Analysis of Three‐Dimensional Ionospheric Electron Density Variations During the April 2024 Total Solar Eclipse
Multi‐Instrument and SAMI3‐TIDAS Data Assimilation Analysis of Three‐Dimensional Ionospheric Electron Density Variations During the April 2024 Total Solar Eclipse Open
This paper conducts a multi‐instrument and data assimilation analysis of the three‐dimensional ionospheric electron density responses to the total solar eclipse on 08 April 2024. The altitude‐resolved electron density variations over the c…