Shuxian Hu
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View article: bTRM Control of Murine Cytomegalovirus CNS Reactivation
bTRM Control of Murine Cytomegalovirus CNS Reactivation Open
T lymphocytes infiltrate the CNS in response to murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection and form a pool of long-lived brain tissue-resident memory T-cells (bTRMs), which display markers of residency (i.e., CD103, CD69, CD49a). However, the…
View article: Correction to: Melatonin attenuates detrimental effects of diabetes on the niche of mouse spermatogonial stem cells by maintaining Leydig cells
Correction to: Melatonin attenuates detrimental effects of diabetes on the niche of mouse spermatogonial stem cells by maintaining Leydig cells Open
View article: Pancreatic stellate cells support human pancreatic β-cell viability in vitro and enhance survival of immunoisolated human islets exposed to cytokines
Pancreatic stellate cells support human pancreatic β-cell viability in vitro and enhance survival of immunoisolated human islets exposed to cytokines Open
Pancreatic islet transplantation is proposed as a cure for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). Despite its success in optimal regulation of glucose levels, limitations in longevity of islet grafts still require innovative solutions. Inflammato…
View article: A composite capsule strategy to support longevity of microencapsulated pancreatic β cells
A composite capsule strategy to support longevity of microencapsulated pancreatic β cells Open
View article: Brain-resident memory cells (bTRM) and virus reactivation
Brain-resident memory cells (bTRM) and virus reactivation Open
Background Neuroimmune responses terminate MCMV acute infection, however, a subset of neurons still harbor latent viral genomes. Factors regulating viral reactivation remain to be elucidated. Methods Using RNAscope, IE1 nucleic acid was de…
View article: Dysregulated brain regulatory T cells fail to control reactive gliosis following repeated antigen stimulation
Dysregulated brain regulatory T cells fail to control reactive gliosis following repeated antigen stimulation Open
This study was undertaken to investigate the role of CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in regulating neuroinflammation during viral Ag-challenge and re-challenge. CD8+ lymphocytes persisting within tissues are designated tis…
View article: Extracellular matrix inclusion in immunoisolating alginate-based microcapsules promotes longevity, reduces fibrosis, and supports function of islet allografts in vivo
Extracellular matrix inclusion in immunoisolating alginate-based microcapsules promotes longevity, reduces fibrosis, and supports function of islet allografts in vivo Open
Immunoisolation of pancreatic-islets in alginate-microcapsules is applied to treat diabetes. However, long-term islet function is limited, which might be due to damaged and lack of contact with pancreatic extracellular matrix (ECM) compone…
View article: Regulatory T-Cells Suppress Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses against Microglia
Regulatory T-Cells Suppress Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses against Microglia Open
Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) play pivotal roles during infection, cancer, and autoimmunity. In our previous study, we demonstrated a role for the PD-1:PD-L1 pathway in controlling cytolytic responses of CD8+ T lymphocytes against microglial …
View article: Inclusion of extracellular matrix molecules and necrostatin-1 in the intracapsular environment of alginate-based microcapsules synergistically protects pancreatic β cells against cytokine-induced inflammatory stress
Inclusion of extracellular matrix molecules and necrostatin-1 in the intracapsular environment of alginate-based microcapsules synergistically protects pancreatic β cells against cytokine-induced inflammatory stress Open
View article: Differential Cytokine-Induced Responses of Polarized Microglia
Differential Cytokine-Induced Responses of Polarized Microglia Open
The role of select pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in driving microglial cell polarization into classically (M1), or alternatively, (M2) activated states, as well as the subsequent differential responses of these induced phenotypes, w…
View article: Investigation of Anxiety, Depression, Sleep, and Family Function in Caregivers of Children With Epilepsy
Investigation of Anxiety, Depression, Sleep, and Family Function in Caregivers of Children With Epilepsy Open
Objective: Epilepsy is a chronic disease that places a heavy burden on caregivers. Previous studies have shown that caregivers of epilepsy patients often experience anxiety and depression; however, few comprehensive studies have assessed t…
View article: Dysregulated Microglial Cell Activation and Proliferation Following Repeated Antigen Stimulation
Dysregulated Microglial Cell Activation and Proliferation Following Repeated Antigen Stimulation Open
Upon reactivation of quiescent neurotropic viruses antigen (Ag)-specific brain resident-memory CD8+ T-cells (bT RM ) may respond to de novo -produced viral Ag through the rapid release of IFN-γ, which drives subsequent interferon-stimulate…
View article: An immune regulatory 3D-printed alginate-pectin construct for immunoisolation of insulin producing β-cells
An immune regulatory 3D-printed alginate-pectin construct for immunoisolation of insulin producing β-cells Open
View article: Multifaceted effects of anti-inflammatory pectins in protecting β-cells and reducing responses against immunoisolating capsules for cell transplantation
Multifaceted effects of anti-inflammatory pectins in protecting β-cells and reducing responses against immunoisolating capsules for cell transplantation Open
The shortcomings of insulin therapy for Type 1 diabetes (T1D) can be improved by providing a new insulin-producing source to the patients, which regulates the glucose levels from minute-to-minute. Despite great successes have been achieved…
View article: Programmed death ligand‐1 induction restrains the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response against microglia
Programmed death ligand‐1 induction restrains the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response against microglia Open
Microglial cells are the main reservoir for HIV‐1 within the brain and potential exists for negative immune checkpoint blockade therapies to purge this viral reservoir. Here, we investigated cytolytic responses of CD8 + T lymphocytes again…
View article: Toll-like receptor 2-modulating pectin-polymers in alginate-based microcapsules attenuate immune responses and support islet-xenograft survival
Toll-like receptor 2-modulating pectin-polymers in alginate-based microcapsules attenuate immune responses and support islet-xenograft survival Open
Encapsulation of pancreatic islets in alginate-microcapsules is used to reduce or avoid the application of life-long immunosuppression in preventing rejection. Long-term graft function, however, is limited due to varying degrees of host ti…
View article: Low methyl-esterified pectin protects pancreatic β-cells against diabetes-induced oxidative and inflammatory stress via galectin-3
Low methyl-esterified pectin protects pancreatic β-cells against diabetes-induced oxidative and inflammatory stress via galectin-3 Open
Insufficient intake of dietary fibers in Western societies is considered a major contributing factor in the high incidence rates of diabetes. The dietary fiber pectin has been suggested to be beneficial for management of both Diabetes Type…
View article: Impairment in neurocognitive function following experimental neonatal guinea pig cytomegalovirus infection
Impairment in neurocognitive function following experimental neonatal guinea pig cytomegalovirus infection Open
View article: Acetate and Butyrate Improve β-cell Metabolism and Mitochondrial Respiration under Oxidative Stress
Acetate and Butyrate Improve β-cell Metabolism and Mitochondrial Respiration under Oxidative Stress Open
Islet dysfunction mediated by oxidative and mitochondrial stress contributes to the development of type 1 and 2 diabetes. Acetate and butyrate, produced by gut microbiota via fermentation, have been shown to protect against oxidative and m…
View article: Recall Responses from Brain-Resident Memory CD8+ T Cells (bTRM) Induce Reactive Gliosis
Recall Responses from Brain-Resident Memory CD8+ T Cells (bTRM) Induce Reactive Gliosis Open
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) persist even during effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Although the cause of HAND is unknown, studies link chronic immune activation, neuroinflammation, and cerebrospinal flu…
View article: Antiallodynic Effects of Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB<sub>2</sub>R) Agonists on Retrovirus Infection-Induced Neuropathic Pain
Antiallodynic Effects of Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB<sub>2</sub>R) Agonists on Retrovirus Infection-Induced Neuropathic Pain Open
The most common neurological complication in patients receiving successful combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is peripheral neuropathic pain. Data show that distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP) also develops along with murine acqui…
View article: Polymeric Approaches to Reduce Tissue Responses Against Devices Applied for Islet-Cell Encapsulation
Polymeric Approaches to Reduce Tissue Responses Against Devices Applied for Islet-Cell Encapsulation Open
Immunoisolation of pancreatic islets is a technology in which islets are encapsulated in semipermeable but immunoprotective polymeric membranes. The technology allows for successful transplantation of insulin-producing cells in the absence…
View article: Melatonin attenuates detrimental effects of diabetes on the niche of mouse spermatogonial stem cells by maintaining Leydig cells
Melatonin attenuates detrimental effects of diabetes on the niche of mouse spermatogonial stem cells by maintaining Leydig cells Open
View article: Reactive glia promote development of CD103<sup>+</sup>CD69<sup>+</sup> CD8<sup>+</sup> T‐cells through programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1)
Reactive glia promote development of CD103<sup>+</sup>CD69<sup>+</sup> CD8<sup>+</sup> T‐cells through programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) Open
Introduction Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated in vivo persistence of CD103 + CD69 + brain resident memory CD8 + T‐cells (bT RM ) following viral infection, and that the PD‐1: PD‐L1 pathway promotes development of these T …
View article: Nitrosative damage during retrovirus infection-induced neuropathic pain
Nitrosative damage during retrovirus infection-induced neuropathic pain Open
Results reported here connect peripheral immune cell infiltration and reactive gliosis with nitrosative damage. These data may help elucidate how retroviral infection-induced neuroinflammatory networks contribute to nerve damage and neurop…
View article: The PD-1: PD-L1 pathway promotes development of brain-resident memory T cells following acute viral encephalitis
The PD-1: PD-L1 pathway promotes development of brain-resident memory T cells following acute viral encephalitis Open
View article: Modulation of Microglial Cell Fcγ Receptor Expression Following Viral Brain Infection
Modulation of Microglial Cell Fcγ Receptor Expression Following Viral Brain Infection Open
View article: miR‐375 controls porcine pancreatic stem cell fate by targeting 3‐phosphoinositide–dependent protein kinase‐1 <i>(Pdk1)</i>
miR‐375 controls porcine pancreatic stem cell fate by targeting 3‐phosphoinositide–dependent protein kinase‐1 <i>(Pdk1)</i> Open
Objectives miR‐375 is one of the highly expressed micro RNA s (mi RNA s) found in pancreatic islets of both humans and mice. In this study, we investigated functions of mi RNA miR‐375 in porcine pancreatic stem cells ( PSC ). Materials and…
View article: Glial cell activation, recruitment, and survival of B-lineage cells following MCMV brain infection
Glial cell activation, recruitment, and survival of B-lineage cells following MCMV brain infection Open
CXCR3 is the primary chemokine receptor on CD19(+) B cells persisting within the brain, and migration to microglial cell supernatants is mediated through this receptor. Correspondingly, microglial cells produce CXCL9 and CXCL10, but not CX…
View article: Tregs Modulate Lymphocyte Proliferation, Activation, and Resident-Memory T-Cell Accumulation within the Brain during MCMV Infection
Tregs Modulate Lymphocyte Proliferation, Activation, and Resident-Memory T-Cell Accumulation within the Brain during MCMV Infection Open
Accumulation and retention of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) has been reported within post viral-encephalitic brains, however, the full extent to which these cells modulate neuroinflammation is yet to be elucidated. Here, we used Foxp3-DTR (di…