Simone Schotte
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View article: Affirmative action around the world: insights from a new dataset (update)
Affirmative action around the world: insights from a new dataset (update) Open
Affirmative action, or positive discrimination favouring the members of marginalized populations, is a key policy approach to addressing group-based inequalities. It is adopted in dozens of countries around the world in the areas of, for i…
View article: Impact of COVID-19 on Urban Vulnerable Livelihoods
Impact of COVID-19 on Urban Vulnerable Livelihoods Open
This chapter studies the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and related lockdown measures for poor and vulnerable households in urban South Africa, drawing on accounts from residents of Khayelitsha—Cape Town’s largest township. The anal…
View article: Impact of COVID-19 on Employment and Earnings in Ghana
Impact of COVID-19 on Employment and Earnings in Ghana Open
The first two cases of COVID-19 were reported in Ghana on 12 March 2020. As a first response, all public gatherings exceeding 25 people were banned until further notice. Following that, the country’s borders were closed. In the interest of…
View article: Religious Inequality and Economic Opportunity: Implications for SDG10
Religious Inequality and Economic Opportunity: Implications for SDG10 Open
Religious inequality is one important, but often overlooked, dimension shaping within-country inequality. While no SDG is considered to be met unless it is met for everyone, SDG10 is the only one that explicitly recognizes religion as a po…
View article: Cross-country Patterns in Structural Transformation and Inequality in Developing Countries
Cross-country Patterns in Structural Transformation and Inequality in Developing Countries Open
In this chapter, we discuss the main patterns that can be identified in the trends in earnings inequality and its drivers in the country studies included in this book. We highlight that the large changes in the composition of workers by ed…
View article: Ghana
Ghana Open
In this chapter, we analyse the role played by the changing nature of occupational employment and wages in explaining the trend in earnings inequality in Ghana between 2006 and 2017. During this period, a substantial transformation of the …
View article: Global Divergence in the De-routinization of Jobs
Global Divergence in the De-routinization of Jobs Open
We establish new stylized facts about the global evolution and distribution of routine and non-routine work, relaxing the common assumption that occupations are identical globally. We combine survey data and regression models to predict th…
View article: Conclusions and Policy Implications
Conclusions and Policy Implications Open
In this concluding chapter, we discuss some considerations that can emerge from the various studies included in this book to understand inequality in developing countries over the past two decades. We also discuss some general policy impli…
View article: Data and Methodology
Data and Methodology Open
In this chapter, we provide an overview of the data harmonization on information about labour earnings, occupational classifications, and job tasks used in the country studies included in this book. We also briefly explain the common metho…
View article: Introduction
Introduction Open
In this chapter we outline the theme of the book. We first discuss the importance of understanding what drives income inequality in developing countries to explain inequality more generally. We then briefly review the two main competing ex…
View article: Global Divergence in the De-routinization of Jobs
Global Divergence in the De-routinization of Jobs Open
This study introduces a methodology to estimate the economy-specific task content of occupations across economies at different income levels. The results show that occupations in low- and middle-income economies are more routine-intensive …
View article: The Labour Market Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns: Evidence from Ghana
The Labour Market Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns: Evidence from Ghana Open
In this paper, we provide causal evidence of the immediate and near-term impact of stringent COVID-19 lockdown policies on employment outcomes, using Ghana as a case study. We take advantage of a specific policy setting, in which strict st…
View article: Affirmative action around the world: insights from a new dataset
Affirmative action around the world: insights from a new dataset Open
Affirmative action, or positive discrimination favouring the members of marginalized populations, is a key policy approach for addressing group-based inequalities along ethnic, religious, and racial lines (e.g. horizontal inequalities). It…
View article: The job ladder
The job ladder Open
This chapter outlines the content and scope of the book. Further, it sets out the intended intellectual contribution of the book. Using a range of countries from the Global South, the book examines heterogeneity within informal work by app…
View article: How to transform informal work and livelihoods?
How to transform informal work and livelihoods? Open
In this concluding chapter, the editors present the summary of lessons learnt from the 11 case studies in the book. In addition, a comparative perspective on the distribution of workers, as well as the job ladder between work status groups…
View article: The job ladder
The job ladder Open
Subject Economic Development and Growth Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online
View article: Informal–formal transitions in work status in sub-Saharan Africa
Informal–formal transitions in work status in sub-Saharan Africa Open
Informal forms of economic activity is the norm in many sub-Saharan African countries. Most businesses are informal in the way they operate, and major and essential economic activities are dominated by informal businesses. An important que…
View article: Work status definition and operationalization
Work status definition and operationalization Open
Subject Economic Development and Growth Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online
View article: The Job Ladder
The Job Ladder Open
Using a range of countries from the Global South, this book examines heterogeneity within informal work by applying a common conceptual framework and empirical methodology. The country studies use panel data to study the dynamics of worker…
View article: Work status dynamics
Work status dynamics Open
Subject Economic Development and Growth Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online
View article: Moving up or down the job ladder in India
Moving up or down the job ladder in India Open
The Indian labour market is characterized by a high level of informality with large numbers of workers in poorly paid ‘lower-tier’ informal jobs and somewhat better paid ‘upper-tier’ informal jobs, which do not have the same benefits and s…
View article: The impact of affirmative action in India and the United States: A systematic literature review
The impact of affirmative action in India and the United States: A systematic literature review Open
This paper provides a systematic review of quantitative literature investigating the success of affirmative action (AA) policies in addressing socio-economic inequalities between ethnic groups in education and employment. We focus on two o…
View article: Does affirmative action address ethnic inequality? A systematic review of the literature
Does affirmative action address ethnic inequality? A systematic review of the literature Open
Despite the good intentions behind affirmative action (AA) policies to mediate 'horizontal inequalities' between ethnic groups, the evidence on their effectiveness remains open to debate. In this study, we conduct a systematic review of th…
View article: The livelihood impacts of COVID-19 in urban South Africa: a view from below
The livelihood impacts of COVID-19 in urban South Africa: a view from below Open
This paper investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related policy measures on livelihoods in urban South Africa. Using qualitative research methods, we analyse two rounds of semi-structured phone interviews, conducted between …
View article: Introduction: What Sustains Informality?
Introduction: What Sustains Informality? Open
This paper provides an introduction to a special issue on what sustains informality. The papers in the special issue contribute significantly to critical issues related to the nature of informal employment and its determinants, how informa…
View article: Snakes and ladders and loaded dice: Poverty dynamics and inequality in South Africa between 2008 and 2017
Snakes and ladders and loaded dice: Poverty dynamics and inequality in South Africa between 2008 and 2017 Open
Longitudinal surveys allow us to understand how markers of (dis)advantage determine present material welfare and economic upward or downward mobility over time. In this paper, we use five waves of panel data to empirically assess the exten…
View article: The livelihood impacts of COVID-19 in urban South Africa: A view from below
The livelihood impacts of COVID-19 in urban South Africa: A view from below Open
This paper investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related policy measures on livelihoods in urban South Africa. Using qualitative research methods, we analyse two rounds of semi-structured phone interviews, conducted between …
View article: Informal work in sub-Saharan Africa: Dead end or stepping-stone?
Informal work in sub-Saharan Africa: Dead end or stepping-stone? Open
Despite rapid economic growth in recent decades, informality remains a persistent phenomenon in the labor markets of many low- and middle-income countries. A key issue in this regard concerns the extent to which informality itself is a per…
View article: How COVID-19 is affecting workers and their livelihoods in urban Ghana: Results from the GSPS-COVID panel survey
How COVID-19 is affecting workers and their livelihoods in urban Ghana: Results from the GSPS-COVID panel survey Open
It presents one of the few datasets that allow assessing the immediate and near-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related policy measures on labour market outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on the livelihoods of workers in urb…