Phorusrhacids correspond to a group of birds considered to be apex predators, which are a common element of the American fossil Cenozoic avifauna, especially in Argentina, where it is not unusual to find at least two species of terror birds. Nevertheless, the presence of more than one species of terror bird outside Argentina is null. Here we report a second terror bird from the middle Miocene of La Venta locality. The new specimen could reach approximately 180 kg, being about 15% larger than the previous report of…

Abstract Vulvar anatomy and pathology can be a challenging subject to master, especially given the paucity of resources available on the subject. This review provides an overview of normal anatomy and imaging appearance of the vulva, including the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, clitoral hood, external urethral meatus, vestibule and vaginal introitus, the Bartholin (greater vestibular) glands and the Skene (lesser vestibular or paraurethral) glands. We will also review the imaging appearance of v…

The new litoptern fossils provide previously unknown information on these species' morphology, but they do not resolve outstanding systematic and phylogenetic questions. Discrepancies in ecomorphological diversity between pre-GABI North and South American faunas is attributable to the presence of small, high-feeding (arboreal) taxa and hypselodont (ever-growing cheek teeth) taxa in South America, which North America lacked. Arboreal herbivores (porcupines and primates) experienced some success in North America aft…

ABSTRACT Pathologies of the skull and teeth are well documented for many human populations, but there are fewer studies of other primates. We contrast lesion prevalence and patterning among cercopithecoid primates and map variation onto socioecological variables. We compare craniodental lesions in six species: Nasalis larvatus ( n = 54), Colobus polykomos ( n = 64), Cercopithecus mitis ( n = 65), Macaca fascicularis ( n = 109), Theropithecus gelada ( n = 13), and Papio anubis ( n = 76). One of us (C.A.K.) evaluate…

Abstract NOW ( New and Old Worlds ) is a global database of fossil mammal occurrences, currently containing around 68,000 locality-species entries. The database spans the last 66 million years, with its primary focus on the last 23 million years. Whereas the database contains records from all continents, the main focus and coverage of the database historically has been on Eurasia. The database includes primarily, but not exclusively, terrestrial mammals. It covers a large part of the currently known mammalian foss…