Sivaranjani Namasivayam
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View article: Bismuth subsalicylate profoundly alters gut microbiome and immunity with increased susceptibility to infection
Bismuth subsalicylate profoundly alters gut microbiome and immunity with increased susceptibility to infection Open
Bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) is a commonly used over-the-counter medication for a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms. BSS sequesters gut sulfides, which have been shown in murine studies to be key regulators of gut microbiota. Here, we in…
View article: The pioneering gut microbiome acquired via different delivery modes in neonates shapes distinct immune and metabolic environments
The pioneering gut microbiome acquired via different delivery modes in neonates shapes distinct immune and metabolic environments Open
Background: Cesarean section (CS) delivery is associated with an increased risk of inflammatory diseases, hypothesized to be driven by differences in the microbiome acquired at birth compared to vaginally delivered (VD) infants. How delive…
View article: Parity influences on the infant gut microbiome development: a longitudinal cohort study
Parity influences on the infant gut microbiome development: a longitudinal cohort study Open
Parity, the number of pregnancies carried beyond 20 weeks, influences the maternal gut microbiome. However, whether parity modulates the infant microbiome longitudinally remains underexplored. To address this, 746 infants in a longitudinal…
View article: Colibactin genes are highly prevalent in the developing infant gut microbiome
Colibactin genes are highly prevalent in the developing infant gut microbiome Open
Early-life exposure to colibactin-producing pks + gut bacteria is hypothesized to imprint mutations on the colorectal epithelium, increasing the risk of colorectal cancer later in life. We demonstrate an extremely high prevalence of pks+ b…
View article: Can Vaginal Seeding at Birth Improve Health Outcomes of Cesarean Section-Delivered Infants? A Scoping Review
Can Vaginal Seeding at Birth Improve Health Outcomes of Cesarean Section-Delivered Infants? A Scoping Review Open
Although Cesarean section (C-section) delivery is often a necessary medical intervention, it also increases the risk of the infant developing chronic inflammatory, metabolic, and neurodevelopmental disorders. The association of C-section w…
View article: Gut microbiome shifts in adolescents after sleeve gastrectomy with increased oral-associated taxa and pro-inflammatory potential
Gut microbiome shifts in adolescents after sleeve gastrectomy with increased oral-associated taxa and pro-inflammatory potential Open
Background Bariatric surgery is highly effective in achieving weight loss in children and adolescents with severe obesity, however the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood, and gut microbiome changes are unknown. Objectives 1)…
View article: Fecal transplant from vaginally seeded infants decreases intraabdominal adiposity in mice
Fecal transplant from vaginally seeded infants decreases intraabdominal adiposity in mice Open
Exposing C-section infants to the maternal vaginal microbiome, coined "vaginal seeding", partially restores microbial colonization. However, whether vaginal seeding decreases metabolic disease risk is unknown. Therefore, we assessed the ef…
View article: Bacterial-induced or passively administered interferon gamma conditions the lung for early control of SARS-CoV-2
Bacterial-induced or passively administered interferon gamma conditions the lung for early control of SARS-CoV-2 Open
Type-1 and type-3 interferons (IFNs) are important for control of viral replication; however, less is known about the role of Type-2 IFN (IFNγ) in anti-viral immunity. We previously observed that lung infection with Mycobacterium bovis BCG…
View article: BCG mediated protection of the lung against experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection
BCG mediated protection of the lung against experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection Open
The observation of reduced COVID-19 incidence and severity in populations receiving neonatal intradermal BCG vaccination vaccine raised the question of whether BCG can induce non-specific protection against the SARS-CoV-2 (SCV2) virus. Sub…
View article: Pre-existing interferon gamma conditions the lung to mediate early control of SARS-CoV-2
Pre-existing interferon gamma conditions the lung to mediate early control of SARS-CoV-2 Open
Interferons (IFNs) are critical for anti-viral host defence. Type-1 and type-3 IFNs are typically associated with early control of viral replication and promotion of inflammatory immune responses; however, less is known about the role of I…
View article: Massive invasion of organellar DNA drives nuclear genome evolution in<i>Toxoplasma</i>
Massive invasion of organellar DNA drives nuclear genome evolution in<i>Toxoplasma</i> Open
Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protist pathogen that infects up to 1/3 of the human population. This apicomplexan parasite contains three genome sequences: nuclear (63 Mb); plastid organellar, ptDNA (35 kb); and mitochondrial organellar, …
View article: IL-10 promotes tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) in the respiratory tract during SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques
IL-10 promotes tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) in the respiratory tract during SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques Open
T cells are thought to be important for control of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but little is known about the host factors that promote T cell responses in the respiratory tract. We used non-human primates to investigate the regulation of respira…
View article: Polar metabolomics and Bile acid data for Namasivayam 2023
Polar metabolomics and Bile acid data for Namasivayam 2023 Open
Multi-targeted polar metabolomics data from murine fecal samples is included. Data is in the form of normalized signal intensities Data was filtered via a missing value of 50 % cut-off and a coefficient of variance on the QC samples of 30 …
View article: Helminth exposure protects against murine SARS-CoV-2 infection through macrophage dependent T cell activation
Helminth exposure protects against murine SARS-CoV-2 infection through macrophage dependent T cell activation Open
Summary Helminth endemic regions report lower COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Here, we show that lung remodeling from a prior infection with a lung migrating helminth, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis , enhances viral clearance and survival …
View article: Mycobacterium tuberculosis Induces Irg1 in Murine Macrophages by a Pathway Involving Both TLR-2 and STING/IFNAR Signaling and Requiring Bacterial Phagocytosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Induces Irg1 in Murine Macrophages by a Pathway Involving Both TLR-2 and STING/IFNAR Signaling and Requiring Bacterial Phagocytosis Open
Irg1 is an enzyme that generates itaconate, a metabolite that plays a key role in the regulation of inflammatory responses. Previous studies have implicated Irg1 as an important mediator in preventing excessive inflammation and tissue dama…
View article: Mild SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques is associated with viral control prior to antigen-specific T cell responses in tissues
Mild SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques is associated with viral control prior to antigen-specific T cell responses in tissues Open
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily replicates in mucosal sites, and more information is needed about immune responses in infected tissues. Here, we used rhesus macaques to model protective primary immune…
View article: Mild SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques is associated with viral control prior to antigen-specific T cell responses in tissues
Mild SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques is associated with viral control prior to antigen-specific T cell responses in tissues Open
SARS-CoV-2 primarily replicates in mucosal sites, and more information is needed about immune responses in infected tissues. We used rhesus macaques to model protective primary immune responses in tissues during mild COVID-19. Viral RNA le…
View article: Intravenous administration of BCG protects mice against lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge
Intravenous administration of BCG protects mice against lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge Open
In addition to providing partial protection against pediatric tuberculosis, vaccination with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been reported to confer nonspecific resistance to unrelated pulmonary pathogens, a phenomenon attributed to the …
View article: Intravenous administration of BCG protects mice against lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge
Intravenous administration of BCG protects mice against lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge Open
Early events in the host response to SARS-CoV-2 are thought to play a major role in determining disease severity. During pulmonary infection, the virus encounters both myeloid and epithelioid lineage cells that can either support or restri…
View article: Functional inactivation of pulmonary MAIT cells following 5-OP-RU treatment of non-human primates
Functional inactivation of pulmonary MAIT cells following 5-OP-RU treatment of non-human primates Open
Targeting MAIT cells holds promise for the treatment of different diseases and infections. We previously showed that treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected mice with 5-OP-RU, a major antigen for MAIT cells, expands MAIT cells and…
View article: Enhancement of CD4+ T Cell Function as a Strategy for Improving Antibiotic Therapy Efficacy in Tuberculosis: Does It Work?
Enhancement of CD4+ T Cell Function as a Strategy for Improving Antibiotic Therapy Efficacy in Tuberculosis: Does It Work? Open
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains a major public health problem worldwide due in part to the lack of an effective vaccine and to the lengthy course of antibiotic treatment required for successful cure. C…
View article: Functional inactivation of pulmonary MAIT cells following 5-OP-RU treatment of non-human primates
Functional inactivation of pulmonary MAIT cells following 5-OP-RU treatment of non-human primates Open
Targeting MAIT cells holds promise for the treatment of different diseases and infections. We previously showed that treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected mice with 5-OP-RU, a major antigen for MAIT cells, expands MAIT cells and…
View article: PD-1 blockade exacerbates <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection in rhesus macaques
PD-1 blockade exacerbates <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection in rhesus macaques Open
Blockade of the PD-1 coinhibitory pathway compromises immune control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in rhesus macaques.
View article: Heme oxygenase-1 inhibition promotes IFNγ- and NOS2-mediated control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Heme oxygenase-1 inhibition promotes IFNγ- and NOS2-mediated control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection Open
View article: PD-1 blockade exacerbates<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>infection in rhesus macaques
PD-1 blockade exacerbates<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>infection in rhesus macaques Open
Boosting immune cell function by targeting the co-inhibitory receptor PD-1 may have applications in the treatment of chronic infections. Here we examine the role of PD-1 during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection of rhesus macaques.…
View article: A novel fragmented mitochondrial genome in the protist pathogen<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>and related tissue coccidia
A novel fragmented mitochondrial genome in the protist pathogen<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>and related tissue coccidia Open
Mitochondrial genome content and structure vary widely across the eukaryotic tree of life with protists displaying extreme examples. Apicomplexan and dinoflagellate protists have evolved highly-reduced mitochondrial genome sequences, mtDNA…
View article: Correlation between Disease Severity and the Intestinal Microbiome in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Infected Rhesus Macaques
Correlation between Disease Severity and the Intestinal Microbiome in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Infected Rhesus Macaques Open
Why some but not all individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis develop disease is poorly understood. Previous studies have revealed an important influence of the microbiota on host resistance to infection with a number of differ…
View article: A major role for ferroptosis in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>–induced cell death and tissue necrosis
A major role for ferroptosis in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>–induced cell death and tissue necrosis Open
Necrotic cell death during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is considered host detrimental since it facilitates mycobacterial spread. Ferroptosis is a type of regulated necrosis induced by accumulation of free iron and toxic lipi…
View article: Antibiotic treatment for Tuberculosis induces a profound dysbiosis of the microbiome that persists long after therapy is completed
Antibiotic treatment for Tuberculosis induces a profound dysbiosis of the microbiome that persists long after therapy is completed Open
View article: Local admixture of amplified and diversified secreted pathogenesis determinants shapes mosaic Toxoplasma gondii genomes
Local admixture of amplified and diversified secreted pathogenesis determinants shapes mosaic Toxoplasma gondii genomes Open