Sixto M. Leal
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View article: Mucosal delivery of influenza antigens using a replication deficient adenovirus supports broadly reactive antibody responses and heterologous viral immunity in the respiratory tract of animals
Mucosal delivery of influenza antigens using a replication deficient adenovirus supports broadly reactive antibody responses and heterologous viral immunity in the respiratory tract of animals Open
Systemically administered influenza vaccines provide strain-limited protection, while influenza infection of the respiratory epithelium supports development of lung resident memory B and T cells and more broadly reactive antibody responses…
View article: Effects of a single oral dose of azithromycin in laboring women on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the microbiome: a protocol for the Antimicrobial Resistance Sub-Study of the A-PLUS trial
Effects of a single oral dose of azithromycin in laboring women on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the microbiome: a protocol for the Antimicrobial Resistance Sub-Study of the A-PLUS trial Open
Background The Azithromycin Prevention in Labor Use Study (A-PLUS), a large, multi-national randomized trial, was performed to evaluate the improvement of maternal and newborn outcomes following a single dose of azithromycin (AZ) given dur…
View article: Investigating Bacterial Vaginosis Pathogenesis Using Peptide Nucleic Acid-Fluorescence <i>In Situ</i> Hybridization With a Focus on the Roles of <i>Gardnerella</i> Species, <i>Prevotella bivia</i>, and <i>Fannyhessea vaginae</i>
Investigating Bacterial Vaginosis Pathogenesis Using Peptide Nucleic Acid-Fluorescence <i>In Situ</i> Hybridization With a Focus on the Roles of <i>Gardnerella</i> Species, <i>Prevotella bivia</i>, and <i>Fannyhessea vaginae</i> Open
Background Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a vaginal dysbiosis characterized by polymicrobial communities of BV-associated bacteria (BVAB) adhered to the vaginal epithelium. Despite decades of research, its etiology remains unknown. We aimed t…
View article: Rapid, Amplification-free, RNA-based Uropathogen Detection With LbuCas13a
Rapid, Amplification-free, RNA-based Uropathogen Detection With LbuCas13a Open
Background Expeditious identification of bacterial infection remains an important challenge in an emergency department. Bacterial cultures remain the gold standard, though they take 24–72 hours to result. Polymerase chain reaction-based di…
View article: Folliculotropic Mycosis Fungoides Masquerading as Nodulocystic Acne: A Diagnostic Challenge
Folliculotropic Mycosis Fungoides Masquerading as Nodulocystic Acne: A Diagnostic Challenge Open
Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, a type of skin cancer that involves malignant T lymphocytes infiltrating the skin. It typically presents as flat, red, scaly patches (erythematous plaques). A rar…
View article: COVID-19-associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Mechanically Ventilated Patients at 7 US Hospitals: Epidemiology and Estimated Likelihood of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis—Results of the Prospective MSG-017 Study
COVID-19-associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Mechanically Ventilated Patients at 7 US Hospitals: Epidemiology and Estimated Likelihood of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis—Results of the Prospective MSG-017 Study Open
Background There is no prospective, US multicenter study of COVID-19–associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA). CAPA definitions do not differentiate invasive aspergillosis (IPA) from colonization. Validity of single mycologic test results…
View article: <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>is influenced by mucus accumulation, airway inflammation, and CFTR function
<i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>is influenced by mucus accumulation, airway inflammation, and CFTR function Open
Background Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) is an inhaled mold found in people with CF (PwCF) that results in significant airway inflammation. Studies have shown allergic (Th2) inflammatory responses to Af, little change in allergic bronchopulmo…
View article: Is it worth performing a punch biopsy for lentigo maligna?
Is it worth performing a punch biopsy for lentigo maligna? Open
View article: Effects of a single oral dose of azithromycin in laboring women on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the microbiome: a protocol for the Antimicrobial Resistance Sub-Study of the A-PLUS trial
Effects of a single oral dose of azithromycin in laboring women on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the microbiome: a protocol for the Antimicrobial Resistance Sub-Study of the A-PLUS trial Open
Background The Azithromycin Prevention in Labor Use Study (A-PLUS), a large, multi-national randomized trial, was performed to evaluate the improvement of maternal and newborn outcomes following a single dose of azithromycin (AZ) given du…
View article: Epidemiological, Phylogenetic, and Resistance Heterogeneity Among <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> in a Large U.S. Deep South Healthcare system
Epidemiological, Phylogenetic, and Resistance Heterogeneity Among <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> in a Large U.S. Deep South Healthcare system Open
Background Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) disease in the United States is commonly attributed to outbreaks of 1 or 2 monophyletic carbapenem resistance (CR) Ab lineages that vary by region. However, there is limited knowledge regarding CRAb …
View article: Epidemiological, phylogenetic, and resistance heterogeneity among<i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>in a major US Deep South healthcare center
Epidemiological, phylogenetic, and resistance heterogeneity among<i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>in a major US Deep South healthcare center Open
Acinetobacter baumannii ( Ab ) disease in the U.S. is commonly attributed to outbreaks of one or two monophyletic carbapenem resistance (CR) Ab lineages that vary by region. However, there is limited knowledge regarding Ab epidemiology and…
View article: Guide to Utilization of the Microbiology Laboratory for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: 2024 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
Guide to Utilization of the Microbiology Laboratory for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: 2024 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) Open
The critical nature of the microbiology laboratory in infectious disease diagnosis calls for a close, positive working relationship between the physician and the microbiologists who provide enormous value to the healthcare team. This docum…
View article: Reply to Kidd et al., “Inconsistencies within the proposed framework for stabilizing fungal nomenclature risk further confusion”
Reply to Kidd et al., “Inconsistencies within the proposed framework for stabilizing fungal nomenclature risk further confusion” Open
International audience
View article: Tau and Aβ42 in lavage fluid of pneumonia patients are associated with end-organ dysfunction: A prospective exploratory study
Tau and Aβ42 in lavage fluid of pneumonia patients are associated with end-organ dysfunction: A prospective exploratory study Open
Background Bacterial pneumonia and sepsis are both common causes of end-organ dysfunction, especially in immunocompromised and critically ill patients. Pre-clinical data demonstrate that bacterial pneumonia and sepsis elicit the production…
View article: SARS CoV2 Viral Load and Outcomes in Pregnant and Non-pregnant Women Admitted with COVID-19
SARS CoV2 Viral Load and Outcomes in Pregnant and Non-pregnant Women Admitted with COVID-19 Open
View article: Differential activation of programmed cell death in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection
Differential activation of programmed cell death in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection Open
View article: COVID-19 Causes Ciliary Dysfunction as Demonstrated by Human Intranasal Micro-Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging
COVID-19 Causes Ciliary Dysfunction as Demonstrated by Human Intranasal Micro-Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging Open
View article: A conceptual framework for nomenclatural stability and validity of medically important fungi: a proposed global consensus guideline for fungal name changes supported by ABP, ASM, CLSI, ECMM, ESCMID-EFISG, EUCAST-AFST, FDLC, IDSA, ISHAM, MMSA, and MSGERC
A conceptual framework for nomenclatural stability and validity of medically important fungi: a proposed global consensus guideline for fungal name changes supported by ABP, ASM, CLSI, ECMM, ESCMID-EFISG, EUCAST-AFST, FDLC, IDSA, ISHAM, MMSA, and MSGERC Open
The rapid pace of name changes of medically important fungi is creating challenges for clinical laboratories and clinicians involved in patient care. We describe two sources of name change which have different drivers, at the species versu…
View article: Priorities and Progress in Gram-positive Bacterial Infection Research by the Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group: A Narrative Review
Priorities and Progress in Gram-positive Bacterial Infection Research by the Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group: A Narrative Review Open
The Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group (ARLG) has prioritized infections caused by gram-positive bacteria as one of its core areas of emphasis. The ARLG Gram-positive Committee has focused on studies responding to 3 main identified …
View article: 47 Novel detection and infection modeling of Aspergillus fumigatus in pyocyanin-stimulated primary airway epithelium and mucus models
47 Novel detection and infection modeling of Aspergillus fumigatus in pyocyanin-stimulated primary airway epithelium and mucus models Open
View article: Differential Activation of Programmed Cell Death in Patients with Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Differential Activation of Programmed Cell Death in Patients with Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection Open
SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-2) causes severe lower airway disease and death in a subset of patients. Knowledge on the relative contribution of programmed cell death (PCD) to lung pathology is limited to few human autopsy studies with small sample siz…
View article: Table of Contents
Table of Contents Open
View article: Coronary Stent Abscess in the Setting of Arteriovenous Graft Infection following COVID-19: An Autopsy Case Report
Coronary Stent Abscess in the Setting of Arteriovenous Graft Infection following COVID-19: An Autopsy Case Report Open
While rare, coronary stent infections present with significant mortality—with most infections and further complications occurring within months of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Here, we discuss a post-COVID-19 patient who prese…
View article: Interferon-dependent signaling is critical for viral clearance in airway neutrophils
Interferon-dependent signaling is critical for viral clearance in airway neutrophils Open
Neutrophilic inflammation characterizes several respiratory viral infections, including COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome, although its contribution to disease pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Blood and airway imm…
View article: Immunity to pathogenic fungi in the eye
Immunity to pathogenic fungi in the eye Open
View article: Type I interferon-dependent IFIT3 signaling is critical for viral clearance in airway neutrophils
Type I interferon-dependent IFIT3 signaling is critical for viral clearance in airway neutrophils Open
Neutrophilic inflammation characterizes several respiratory viral infections including COVID-19-related ARDS, although its contribution to disease pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, we identified two neutrophil subpopulations (A…
View article: Clinical Utility of Routine Use of Fungal Blood Cultures
Clinical Utility of Routine Use of Fungal Blood Cultures Open
View article: Relapsing Fever Caused by <i>Borrelia lonestari</i> after Tick Bite in Alabama, USA
Relapsing Fever Caused by <i>Borrelia lonestari</i> after Tick Bite in Alabama, USA Open
We report an immunocompromised patient in Alabama, USA, 75 years of age, with relapsing fevers and pancytopenia who had spirochetemia after a tick bite. We identified Borrelia lonestari by using PCR, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. …
View article: Test Performance and Potential Clinical Utility of the GenMark Dx ePlex Blood Culture Identification Gram-Negative Panel
Test Performance and Potential Clinical Utility of the GenMark Dx ePlex Blood Culture Identification Gram-Negative Panel Open
The GenMark Dx ePlex rapid blood culture diagnostic system enables earlier time to identification of antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative bacteria causing bloodstream infections. Its ability to rule out Gram-positive bacteria enabled earl…
View article: Mucociliary transport deficiency and disease progression in Syrian hamsters with SARS-CoV-2 infection
Mucociliary transport deficiency and disease progression in Syrian hamsters with SARS-CoV-2 infection Open
Substantial clinical evidence supports the notion that ciliary function in the airways is important in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Although ciliary damage has been observed in both in vitro and in vivo models, the extent or nature of impairment…