Sofía Ravara
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View article: Effect of Funding Medications for Nicotine Dependence on Tobacco Control: A Narrative Review
Effect of Funding Medications for Nicotine Dependence on Tobacco Control: A Narrative Review Open
Pharmacological treatments for smoking associated with psychological counseling triple the chances of quitting. However, the accessibility of these drugs is limited by their financial cost. With this review we aim to demonstrate the effect…
View article: Exposure to Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke in Portugal After the Implementation of the Smoking Ban: A Systematic Review
Exposure to Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke in Portugal After the Implementation of the Smoking Ban: A Systematic Review Open
Introduction: Estimating the prevalence of second-hand tobacco smoke exposure is a public health priority while evaluating the population-attributable disease burden and impact of smoking bans. We conducted a systematic review to analyze h…
View article: Smoking-attributable mortality in Portugal and its regions in 2019
Smoking-attributable mortality in Portugal and its regions in 2019 Open
In Portugal, tobacco-mortality burden is high and varies significantly by region, sex and age. Therefore, estimates disaggregated by sociodemographic data and region may better support decision-makers while tailoring and implementing tobac…
View article: Newspaper front pages following the announcement of the new Portuguese tobacco bill: what do they say?
Newspaper front pages following the announcement of the new Portuguese tobacco bill: what do they say? Open
reports of data from original research.• Policy Case Studies -brief articles on policy development at a regional or national level.• Study Protocols -Articles describing a research protocol of a study.• Methodology Papers -Papers that pres…
View article: Gender differences in smoking-attributable mortality (SAM) by region in Portugal
Gender differences in smoking-attributable mortality (SAM) by region in Portugal Open
reports of data from original research.• Policy Case Studies -brief articles on policy development at a regional or national level.• Study Protocols -Articles describing a research protocol of a study.• Methodology Papers -Papers that pres…
View article: Towards a comprehensive tobacco-cessation approach: A pilot-training using simulation based-learning amongmedical students in Türkiye
Towards a comprehensive tobacco-cessation approach: A pilot-training using simulation based-learning amongmedical students in Türkiye Open
1. Devonish J, Debnam C, Furgurson E, Sawa H, Dahlquist C, Arendt M. The role of all healthcare professionals in cessation. Tob Induc Dis. 2022;20(January):01. doi:10.18332/tid/144766 CrossRef Pubmed Pubmed Central Google Scholar
View article: Factors influencing the outcome of volumetry tools for pulmonary nodule analysis: a systematic review and attempted meta-analysis
Factors influencing the outcome of volumetry tools for pulmonary nodule analysis: a systematic review and attempted meta-analysis Open
Abstract Health systems worldwide are implementing lung cancer screening programmes to identify early-stage lung cancer and maximise patient survival. Volumetry is recommended for follow-up of pulmonary nodules and outperforms other measur…
View article: The public health impact of e-cigarette use: Revisiting Geoffrey Rose's prevention strategies
The public health impact of e-cigarette use: Revisiting Geoffrey Rose's prevention strategies Open
E-cigarettes are mass-marketed consumer products promoted by the industry as harmless devices and smoking cessation aids. Whether e-cigarettes help smokers to quit or undermine public health remains splitting the public and the health comm…
View article: Incidental findings on lung cancer screening: pictorial essay and systematic checklist
Incidental findings on lung cancer screening: pictorial essay and systematic checklist Open
Lung cancer screening (LCS) programs are increasing worldwide. Incidental findings (IFs) on LCS are defined as low-dose CT findings unrelated to the primary purpose of identifying lung cancer. Most IFs on LCS are benign and clinically insi…
View article: Secondhand Smoke Exposure in European Countries With Different Smoke-Free Legislation: Findings From the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys
Secondhand Smoke Exposure in European Countries With Different Smoke-Free Legislation: Findings From the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys Open
Introduction Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) poses serious and extensive health and economic-related consequences to European society and worldwide. Smoking bans are a key measure to reducing SHS exposure but have been implemented with …
View article: Smoking rates and associated factors among foreign students in Firat University
Smoking rates and associated factors among foreign students in Firat University Open
reports of data from original research.• Policy Case Studies -brief articles on policy development at a regional or national level.• Study Protocols -Articles describing a research protocol of a study.• Methodology Papers -Papers that pres…
View article: Analysis of knowledge, perceptions and self-confidence in tobacco control among graduating dental students in Portugal
Analysis of knowledge, perceptions and self-confidence in tobacco control among graduating dental students in Portugal Open
In the 20th century, a tobacco epidemic killed about 100 million people worldwide and kills more than 8 million people each year(1). Adverse effects of tobacco on oral health are well documented(2). The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco …
View article: Changes in electronic cigarette use and label awareness among smokers before and after the European Tobacco Products Directive implementation in six European countries: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys
Changes in electronic cigarette use and label awareness among smokers before and after the European Tobacco Products Directive implementation in six European countries: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys Open
Background Article 20 of the European Tobacco Product Directive (TPD), which went into effect in May 2016, regulates electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in the European Union (EU). The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in e-cigare…
View article: Effectiveness of tobacco warning labels before and after implementation of the European Tobacco Products Directive—findings from the longitudinal EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe surveys
Effectiveness of tobacco warning labels before and after implementation of the European Tobacco Products Directive—findings from the longitudinal EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe surveys Open
Background Tobacco product packaging is a key part of marketing efforts to make tobacco use appealing. In contrast, large, prominent health warnings are intended to inform individuals about the risks of smoking. In the European Union, sinc…
View article: Do smokers want to protect non-smokers from the harms of second-hand smoke in cars? Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys
Do smokers want to protect non-smokers from the harms of second-hand smoke in cars? Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys Open
Background There is currently no comprehensive legislation protecting non-smokers and children from second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure in private cars at the European Union (EU) level. This study aims to assess smokers’ support for smoke-fre…
View article: Awareness and use of heated tobacco products among adult smokers in six European countries: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys
Awareness and use of heated tobacco products among adult smokers in six European countries: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys Open
Background The study assessed awareness and use of heated tobacco products (HTPs) and factors that influenced these issues among cigarette smokers from six European countries in 2016 (Wave 1) and 2018 (Wave 2). Methods A survey was conduct…
View article: Transitions in product use during the implementation of the European Tobacco Products Directive: cohort study findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys
Transitions in product use during the implementation of the European Tobacco Products Directive: cohort study findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys Open
Background The emergence of new types of tobacco and tobacco-related products on the European Union (EU) market has precipitated the possibility for both poly-tobacco use and transitions between products. In the EU, the regulatory environm…
View article: Quitting behaviours and cessation methods used in eight European Countries in 2018: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys
Quitting behaviours and cessation methods used in eight European Countries in 2018: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys Open
Background We examined quit attempts, use of cessation assistance, quitting beliefs and intentions among smokers who participated in the 2018 International Tobacco Control (ITC) Europe Surveys in eight European Union Member States (England…
View article: Social norms for e-cigarettes and smoking: associations with initiation of e-cigarette use, intentions to quit smoking and quit attempts: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys
Social norms for e-cigarettes and smoking: associations with initiation of e-cigarette use, intentions to quit smoking and quit attempts: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys Open
Background Social norms have received little attention in relation to electronic cigarettes (EC). The current study examine social norms for EC use and smoking tobacco, and their associations with (i) initiation of EC use, (ii) intention t…
View article: Support for e-cigarette policies among smokers in seven European countries: longitudinal findings from the 2016–18 EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys
Support for e-cigarette policies among smokers in seven European countries: longitudinal findings from the 2016–18 EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys Open
Background The 2016 European Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) required Member States (MS) to implement new regulations for electronic cigarettes (ECs). We conducted a longitudinal study to assess changes over 2 years in smokers’ support fo…
View article: Transitions from and to roll-your-own tobacco, perceptions and health beliefs among smokers: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys
Transitions from and to roll-your-own tobacco, perceptions and health beliefs among smokers: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys Open
Background The prevalence of roll-your-own tobacco (RYO) in Europe has been increasing. The aim of this study was to investigate transitions between factory-made (FM) cigarettes and RYO in a longitudinal sample of European smokers, and the…
View article: Awareness and correlates of noticing changes to cigarette packaging design after implementation of the European Tobacco Products Directive: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys
Awareness and correlates of noticing changes to cigarette packaging design after implementation of the European Tobacco Products Directive: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys Open
Background The European Tobacco Products Directive (TPD), which went into effect in May 2016, regulates packaging design and labelling of cigarettes and roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco. The aim of the current study was to examine whether smoke…
View article: Evaluating the impact of introducing standardized packaging with larger health-warning labels in England: findings from adult smokers within the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys
Evaluating the impact of introducing standardized packaging with larger health-warning labels in England: findings from adult smokers within the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys Open
Background The European (EU) Tobacco Product Directive (TPD) was implemented in May 2016 to regulate the design and labelling of cigarettes and roll-your-own tobacco. At the same time, the UK introduced standardized packaging measures, whe…
View article: Impact of the Tobacco Products Directive on self-reported exposure to e-cigarette advertising, promotion and sponsorship in smokers—findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys
Impact of the Tobacco Products Directive on self-reported exposure to e-cigarette advertising, promotion and sponsorship in smokers—findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys Open
Background Advertising, promotion and sponsorship of electronic cigarettes (ECAPS) have increased in recent years. Since May 2016, the Tobacco Products Directive 2014/40/EU (TPD2) prohibits ECAPS in various advertising channels, including …
View article: European adult smokers’ perceptions of the harmfulness of e-cigarettes relative to combustible cigarettes: cohort findings from the 2016 and 2018 EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys
European adult smokers’ perceptions of the harmfulness of e-cigarettes relative to combustible cigarettes: cohort findings from the 2016 and 2018 EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys Open
Background This study presents perceptions of the harmfulness of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) relative to combustible cigarettes among smokers from six European Union (EU) countries, prior to the implementation of the EU Tobacco Pr…
View article: Cessation behaviours among smokers of menthol and flavoured cigarettes following the implementation of the EU Tobacco Products Directive: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys
Cessation behaviours among smokers of menthol and flavoured cigarettes following the implementation of the EU Tobacco Products Directive: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys Open
The European Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) introduced a ban on characterizing flavours in cigarettes (2016), including menthol (2020). The longitudinal data analysis of the EUREST-PLUS International Tobacco Control (ITC) Project Europe …
View article: Methods of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys
Methods of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys Open
Background The EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe surveys aim to evaluate the impact of the European Union’s Tobacco Products Directive (EU TPD) implementation within the context of the WHO FCTC. This article describes the methodology of the 2016 (Wav…