Sofianos Andrikopoulos
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View article: Minimizing Mitogenic Potency of Insulin Analogues Through Modification of a Disulfide Bond
Minimizing Mitogenic Potency of Insulin Analogues Through Modification of a Disulfide Bond Open
The mechanisms by which insulin activates the insulin receptor to promote metabolic processes and cellular growth are still not clear. Significant advances have been gained from recent structural studies in understanding how insulin binds …
View article: Blood glucose modulation and safety of efferent vagus nerve stimulation in a type 2 diabetic rat model
Blood glucose modulation and safety of efferent vagus nerve stimulation in a type 2 diabetic rat model Open
Vagus nerve stimulation is emerging as a promising treatment for type 2 diabetes. Here, we evaluated the ability of stimulation of the vagus nerve to reduce glycemia in awake, freely moving metabolically compromised rats. A model of type 2…
View article: Role of the adaptive immune system in diabetic kidney disease
Role of the adaptive immune system in diabetic kidney disease Open
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a highly prevalent complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end‐stage kidney disease. Inflammation is recognized as an important driver of progression of DKD. Activation of the immune response prom…
View article: Targeting the insulin granule for modulation of insulin exocytosis
Targeting the insulin granule for modulation of insulin exocytosis Open
The pancreatic β-cells control insulin secretion in the body to regulate glucose homeostasis, and β-cell stress and dysfunction is characteristic of Type 2 Diabetes. Pharmacological targeting of the β-cell to increase insulin secretion is …
View article: Women’s distinct diabetes self-management behaviours demand gender-specific diabetes research: improving chronic disease management and addressing clinical governance issues
Women’s distinct diabetes self-management behaviours demand gender-specific diabetes research: improving chronic disease management and addressing clinical governance issues Open
Management of diabetes mellitus continues to pose challenges for primary health-care professionals, with estimates of as many as 2 million Australians requiring ongoing care. Although most cases are men, women living with diabetes have pre…
View article: Impaired exercise performance is independent of inflammation and cellular stress following genetic reduction or deletion of selenoprotein S
Impaired exercise performance is independent of inflammation and cellular stress following genetic reduction or deletion of selenoprotein S Open
Selenoprotein S (Seps1) can be protective against oxidative, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and inflammatory stress. Seps1 global knockout mice are less active, possess compromised fast muscle ex vivo strength, and, depending on context, heig…
View article: Restriction of essential amino acids dictates the systemic response to dietary protein dilution
Restriction of essential amino acids dictates the systemic response to dietary protein dilution Open
Dietary protein dilution (DPD) promotes metabolic remodelling and health but the precise nutritional components driving this response remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that dietary amino acids (AA) are sufficient and necessary to drive t…
View article: Four weeks of exercise early in life reprograms adult skeletal muscle insulin resistance caused by a paternal high‐fat diet
Four weeks of exercise early in life reprograms adult skeletal muscle insulin resistance caused by a paternal high‐fat diet Open
Key points A paternal high‐fat diet/obesity before mating can negatively influence the metabolism of offspring. Exercise only early in life has a remarkable effect with respect to reprogramming adult rat offspring exposed to detrimental in…
View article: Insulin regulates POMC neuronal plasticity to control glucose metabolism
Insulin regulates POMC neuronal plasticity to control glucose metabolism Open
Hypothalamic neurons respond to nutritional cues by altering gene expression and neuronal excitability. The mechanisms that control such adaptive processes remain unclear. Here we define populations of POMC neurons in mice that are activat…
View article: Burden of cardiovascular risk factors and disease among patients with type 1 diabetes: results of the Australian National Diabetes Audit (ANDA)
Burden of cardiovascular risk factors and disease among patients with type 1 diabetes: results of the Australian National Diabetes Audit (ANDA) Open
Cardiovascular risk factors were prevalent and strongly associated with CVD among adults with type 1 diabetes attending Australian diabetes centres. Given the approximate J-shaped association between type 1 diabetes duration and CVD, the i…
View article: Deficiency of selenoprotein S, an endoplasmic reticulum resident oxidoreductase, impairs the contractile function of fast-twitch hindlimb muscles
Deficiency of selenoprotein S, an endoplasmic reticulum resident oxidoreductase, impairs the contractile function of fast-twitch hindlimb muscles Open
Selenoprotein S (Seps1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident antioxidant implicated in ER stress and inflammation. In human vastus lateralis and mouse hindlimb muscles, Seps1 localization and expression were fiber-type specific. In ma…
View article: The androgen receptor in bone marrow progenitor cells negatively regulates fat mass
The androgen receptor in bone marrow progenitor cells negatively regulates fat mass Open
It is well established that testosterone negatively regulates fat mass in humans and mice; however, the mechanism by which testosterone exerts these effects is poorly understood. We and others have shown that deletion of the androgen recep…
View article: Insulin in motion: The A6-A11 disulfide bond allosterically modulates structural transitions required for insulin activity
Insulin in motion: The A6-A11 disulfide bond allosterically modulates structural transitions required for insulin activity Open
The structural transitions required for insulin to activate its receptor and initiate regulation of glucose homeostasis are only partly understood. Here, using ring-closing metathesis, we substitute the A6-A11 disulfide bond of insulin wit…
View article: Metabolomic analysis of insulin resistance across different mouse strains and diets
Metabolomic analysis of insulin resistance across different mouse strains and diets Open
Insulin resistance is a major risk factor for many diseases. However, its underlying mechanism remains unclear in part because it is triggered by a complex relationship between multiple factors, including genes and the environment. Here, w…
View article: Dapagliflozin improves insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in a novel transgenic rat model of chronic glucose overproduction and glucose toxicity
Dapagliflozin improves insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in a novel transgenic rat model of chronic glucose overproduction and glucose toxicity Open
Aim To determine whether the excretion of glucose improves insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion or both. Materials and methods Appropriate methods were used to assess insulin sensitivity (euglycaemic–hyperinsulinaemic clamp) and …
View article: High fat feeding unmasks variable insulin responses in male C57BL/6 mouse substrains
High fat feeding unmasks variable insulin responses in male C57BL/6 mouse substrains Open
Mouse models are widely used for elucidating mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes. Genetic background profoundly affects metabolic phenotype; therefore, selecting the appropriate model is critical. Although variability in metabolic respon…
View article: A Reduction in Selenoprotein S Amplifies the Inflammatory Profile of Fast-Twitch Skeletal Muscle in the<i>mdx</i>Dystrophic Mouse
A Reduction in Selenoprotein S Amplifies the Inflammatory Profile of Fast-Twitch Skeletal Muscle in the<i>mdx</i>Dystrophic Mouse Open
Excessive inflammation is a hallmark of muscle myopathies, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). There is interest in characterising novel genes that regulate inflammation due to their potential to modify disease progression. Gene p…
View article: Narrow‐leafed lupin (<i>Lupinus angustifolius</i> L.) β‐conglutin proteins modulate the insulin signaling pathway as potential type 2 diabetes treatment and inflammatory‐related disease amelioration
Narrow‐leafed lupin (<i>Lupinus angustifolius</i> L.) β‐conglutin proteins modulate the insulin signaling pathway as potential type 2 diabetes treatment and inflammatory‐related disease amelioration Open
Scope We have investigated the potential use of β‐conglutin protein isoforms from narrow‐leafed lupin ( Lupinus angustifolius L.) as a diabetes treatment. Methods and results We produced purified recombinant β1‐, β2‐, β3‐, β4‐, and β6‐cong…