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View article: Toolkit for incoherent scatter radar experiment design and applications to EISCAT_3D
Toolkit for incoherent scatter radar experiment design and applications to EISCAT_3D Open
Modern phased-array incoherent scatter radar (ISR) systems consist of several thousand phased-array antenna elements. Next-generation phased-array ISR systems are shifting towards multistatic setups consisting of three sites, such as EISCA…
View article: New technique for aurora / dayglow separation in UV imagery: IMF B <sub>y</sub> dependence of seasonal differences in auroral oval location
New technique for aurora / dayglow separation in UV imagery: IMF B <sub>y</sub> dependence of seasonal differences in auroral oval location Open
We investigate how the location, size, and intensity of the auroral oval is affected by the combination of a strong dawn/dusk component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF By ) during northward IMF and the tilt of the Earth's magneti…
View article: Modeling Regional Electric Field Using EISCAT3D Observations
Modeling Regional Electric Field Using EISCAT3D Observations Open
EISCAT3D, which is in its final stage of construction, will be the next generation incoherent scatter radar (ISR) system to provide the full ion velocity vector across hundreds of kms in vertical and horizontal directions. This presents a …
View article: Reply to RC2
Reply to RC2 Open
View article: Reply to RC1
Reply to RC1 Open
View article: Global Inductive Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere Coupling
Global Inductive Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere Coupling Open
The ionosphere forms the inner boundary of near-Earth space, where collisionless space plasma transitions into a partially ionized gas that interacts with the neutral atmosphere through collisions. Conventional models for magnetosphere-ion…
View article: An empirical model of high-latitude ionospheric conductances based on EISCAT observations
An empirical model of high-latitude ionospheric conductances based on EISCAT observations Open
Conductances are key properties of the ionospheric electrodynamics and the difficulty of measuring them directly is a significant limitation to the usefulness of many analysis techniques. We have utilized all available field-aligned observ…
View article: Toolkit for incoherent scatter radar experiment design and applications to EISCAT_3D
Toolkit for incoherent scatter radar experiment design and applications to EISCAT_3D Open
Modern phased array incoherent scatter radar (ISR) systems consist of several thousand phased-array antenna elements. Next-generation phased-array ISR systems are shifting towards multistatic setups consisting of three sites, such as EISCA…
View article: Predictors of Substorm Onset Conjugate Displacement
Predictors of Substorm Onset Conjugate Displacement Open
Using a substorm onset list from the Imager for Magnetopause to Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) and Polar satellite images, we have constructed a new database of the times and locations of 63 substorm onsets observed in both hemispheres.…
View article: Simulation of interferometric imaging with EISCAT_3D for fine-scale in-beam incoherent scatter spectra measurements
Simulation of interferometric imaging with EISCAT_3D for fine-scale in-beam incoherent scatter spectra measurements Open
The 233 MHz EISCAT_3D radar system currently under construction in northern Fennoscandia will be able to resolve ionospheric structures smaller than the transmit beam dimensions through the use of interferometric imaging. This capability i…
View article: Predictors of Substorm Onset Conjugate Displacement
Predictors of Substorm Onset Conjugate Displacement Open
View article: Volumetric Reconstruction of Ionospheric Electric Currents From Tri‐Static Incoherent Scatter Radar Measurements
Volumetric Reconstruction of Ionospheric Electric Currents From Tri‐Static Incoherent Scatter Radar Measurements Open
We present a new technique for the upcoming tri‐static incoherent scatter radar system EISCAT 3D (E3D) to perform a volumetric reconstruction of the 3D ionospheric electric current density vector field, focusing on the feasibility of the E…
View article: The Ionospheric Leg of the Substorm Current Wedge: Combining Iridium and Ground Magnetometers
The Ionospheric Leg of the Substorm Current Wedge: Combining Iridium and Ground Magnetometers Open
Utilizing magnetic field measurements made by the Iridium satellites and by ground magnetometers in North America we calculate the full ionospheric current system and investigate the substorm current wedge. The current estimates are indepe…
View article: How the Ionosphere Responds Dynamically to Magnetospheric Forcing
How the Ionosphere Responds Dynamically to Magnetospheric Forcing Open
Ground magnetic field variations have been used to investigate ionospheric dynamics for more than a century. They are usually explained in terms of an electric circuit in the ionosphere driven by an electric field, but this is insufficient…
View article: On the modernization of the falling spheres technique to measure neutral winds in the thermosphere
On the modernization of the falling spheres technique to measure neutral winds in the thermosphere Open
This paper introduces a modernized application of the falling spheres technique for measurement of neutral winds and densities in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region regardless of time of day or tropospheric conditions, usin…
View article: Does high-latitude ionospheric electrodynamics exhibit hemispheric mirror symmetry?
Does high-latitude ionospheric electrodynamics exhibit hemispheric mirror symmetry? Open
Ionospheric electrodynamics is a problem of mechanical stress balance mediated by electromagnetic forces. Joule heating (the total rate of frictional heating of thermospheric gases and ionospheric plasma) and ionospheric Hall and Pedersen …
View article: A Quantitative Analysis of the Uncertainties on Reconnection Electric Field Estimates Using Ionospheric Measurements
A Quantitative Analysis of the Uncertainties on Reconnection Electric Field Estimates Using Ionospheric Measurements Open
Calculating the magnetic flux transfer across the open‐closed boundary (OCB) per unit time and distance—the reconnection electric field—is an important means of remotely monitoring magnetospheric dynamics. Ground‐based measurements of plas…
View article: What is the neutral wind in height-integrated ionospheric electrodynamics?
What is the neutral wind in height-integrated ionospheric electrodynamics? Open
In most large-scale MHD models of Earth’s space environment, coupling between the magnetosphere and the ionosphere-thermosphere (IT) is addressed by representing the latter as a two-dimensional spherical shell. Similarly, most empirical mo…
View article: Estimating the Ionospheric Induction Electric Field Using Ground Magnetometers
Estimating the Ionospheric Induction Electric Field Using Ground Magnetometers Open
The ionospheric convection electric field is often assumed to be a potential field. This assumption is not always valid, especially when the ionosphere changes on short time scales min. We present a technique for estimating the induction e…
View article: Volumetric reconstruction of ionospheric electric currents from tri-static incoherent scatter radar measurements
Volumetric reconstruction of ionospheric electric currents from tri-static incoherent scatter radar measurements Open
We present a new technique for the upcoming tri-static incoherent scatter radar system EISCAT 3D (E3D) to perform a volumetric reconstruction of the 3D ionospheric electric current density vector field, focusing on the feasibility of the E…
View article: A Comparison of Auroral Oval Proxies With the Boundaries of the Auroral Electrojets
A Comparison of Auroral Oval Proxies With the Boundaries of the Auroral Electrojets Open
The boundaries of the auroral oval and auroral electrojets are an important source of information for understanding the coupling between the solar wind and the near‐earth plasma environment. Of these two types of boundaries the auroral ele…
View article: Robust Estimates of Spatiotemporal Variations in the Auroral Boundaries Derived From Global UV Imaging
Robust Estimates of Spatiotemporal Variations in the Auroral Boundaries Derived From Global UV Imaging Open
The aurora often appears as an approximately oval shape surrounding the magnetic poles, and is a visible manifestation of the intricate coupling between the Earth's upper atmosphere and the near‐Earth space environment. While the average s…
View article: Interferometric Imaging with EISCAT_3D for Fine-Scale In-Beam Incoherent Scatter Spectra Measurements
Interferometric Imaging with EISCAT_3D for Fine-Scale In-Beam Incoherent Scatter Spectra Measurements Open
The 233 MHz EISCAT_3D radar system currently under construction in northern Fennoscandia will be able to resolve ionospheric structures smaller than the transmit beam dimensions through the use of interferometric imaging. This capability i…
View article: e3doubt: An open-source toolkit for E3D experiment planning and uncertainty estimation
e3doubt: An open-source toolkit for E3D experiment planning and uncertainty estimation Open
The EISCAT_3D incoherent scatter radar presents a groundbreaking opportunity for studying a wide variety of phenomena. One of the challenges presented by such an advanced facility is its tremendous flexibility: Given a science question and…
View article: Reply to RC3
Reply to RC3 Open
Abstract. Ionospheric electrodynamics is a problem of mechanical stress balance mediated by electromagnetic forces. Joule heating (the total rate of frictional heating of thermospheric gases and ionospheric plasma) and ion…
View article: Reply to RC2
Reply to RC2 Open
Abstract. Ionospheric electrodynamics is a problem of mechanical stress balance mediated by electromagnetic forces. Joule heating (the total rate of frictional heating of thermospheric gases and ionospheric plasma) and ion…
View article: Occurrence Probability of Magnetic Field Disturbances Measured With Swarm: Mapping the Dynamic Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Coupling
Occurrence Probability of Magnetic Field Disturbances Measured With Swarm: Mapping the Dynamic Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Coupling Open
The exchange of kinetic and electromagnetic energy by precipitation and/or outflow and through field‐aligned currents are two aspects of the ionosphere‐magnetosphere coupling. A thorough investigation of these processes is required to bett…
View article: The Ionospheric Leg of the Substorm Current Wedge: Combining Iridium and Ground Magnetometers
The Ionospheric Leg of the Substorm Current Wedge: Combining Iridium and Ground Magnetometers Open
Utilising magnetic field measurements made by the Iridium satellites and by ground magnetometers in North America we calculate the full ionospheric current system and investigate the substorm current wedge. The current estimates are indepe…
View article: A comparison of auroral oval proxies with the boundaries of the auroral electrojets
A comparison of auroral oval proxies with the boundaries of the auroral electrojets Open
The boundaries of the auroral oval and auroral electrojets are an important source of information for understanding the coupling between the solar wind and the near-earth plasma environment. Of these two types of boundaries the auroral ele…
View article: Occurrence probability of magnetic field disturbances measured with Swarm: Mapping the dynamic magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling
Occurrence probability of magnetic field disturbances measured with Swarm: Mapping the dynamic magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling Open
The exchange of kinetic and electromagnetic energy by precipitation and/or outflow, and through field-aligned currents are two aspects of the ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling. A thorough investigation of these processes is required to bet…