Explanipedia

Musculoskeletal architecture of the shoulder: A comparative anatomy study in bats and mice informing human rotator cuff function Open

Iden Kurtaliaj, Jennifer Kunes, Shicheng Li, K. Michael Rowley, Lynn Ann Forrester , et al. · 2025

Overhead motion in humans often leads to shoulder injuries, a consequence of the evolutionary trade-off in glenohumeral joint anatomy that balances stability with mobility. Bats consistently engage in overhead motion during flight, subject…

Tendon fibroblast inflammatory responses depend on NF-κβ and JAK/STAT signaling and alter mechanotransduction pathways Open

McKenzie E. Sup, Myoung Ok Kim, Lee Song, Stavros Thomopoulos · 2025

Tendon pathologies, including both chronic injuries and acute tendon tears, are some of the most common musculoskeletal injuries. Recent studies have suggested the importance of inflammation in the healing process in both acute and chronic…

Hedgehog signaling directs cell differentiation and plays a critical role in tendon enthesis healing Open

Fei Fang, Matthew Casserly, Julia Robbins, Stavros Thomopoulos · 2025

A high prevalence of rotator cuff tears presents a major clinical challenge. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying enthesis development and healing is needed for developing treatments. We recently identified hedgeho…

Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of immune and mesenchymal cell crosstalk in the developing enthesis Open

Valia P. Leifer, Fei Fang, Lee Song, J. Kim, John F. Papanikolaou , et al. · 2024

Autoimmunity underlies many painful disorders, such as enthesopathies, which localize to the enthesis. From infiltration of the synovium and axial skeleton by B cells, to disturbances in the ratio of M1/M2 enthesis macrophages, to CD8 + T …

A Novel Bi-Directional and Bi-Temporal Delivery System for Enhancing Intrasynovial Tendon Repair Open

Yidan Chen, Shingo Kinoshita, Emily Yan, Min Hao, Hua Shen , et al. · 2024

Article A Novel Bi-Directional and Bi-Temporal Delivery System for Enhancing Intrasynovial Tendon Repair Yidan Chen 1,, Seth Kinoshita 2,, Emily Yan 3, Min Hao 3,, Hua Shen 4,, Richard Gelberman 4,, Stavros Thomopoulos 5,, and Younan Xia 2…

Python tooth–inspired fixation device for enhanced rotator cuff repair Open

Iden Kurtaliaj, Ethan D. Hoppe, Yuxuan Huang, David Ju, Jacob A. Sandler , et al. · 2024

Rotator cuff repair surgeries fail frequently, with 20 to 94% of the 600,000 repairs performed annually in the United States resulting in retearing of the rotator cuff. The most common cause of failure is sutures tearing through tendons at…

The subacromial bursa modulates tendon healing after rotator cuff injury in rats Open

Brittany P. Marshall, Beth G. Ashinsky, Xavier E. Ferrer, Jennifer A. Kunes, Astia C. Innis , et al. · 2024

Rotator cuff injuries result in more than 500,000 surgeries annually in the United States, many of which fail. These surgeries typically involve repair of the injured tendon and removal of the subacromial bursa, a synovial-like tissue that…

A role for <span>TGFβ</span> signaling in Gli1+ tendon and enthesis cells Open

Lee Song, Mikhail Golman, Adam C. Abraham, Elazar Zelzer, Stavros Thomopoulos · 2024

The development of musculoskeletal tissues such as tendon, enthesis, and bone relies on proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells. Gli1+ cells have been described as putative stem cells in several tissues and are pr…

Hedgehog Activation for Enhanced Rotator Cuff Tendon-to-Bone Healing Open

Andrew J. Luzzi, Xavier Ferrer, Fei Fang, Mikhail Golman, Lee Song , et al. · 2023

Background: Rotator cuff repair is a common orthopaedic procedure, yet the rate of failure to heal after surgery is high. Repair site rupture is due to poor tendon-to-bone healing and lack of regeneration of the native fibrocartilaginous e…

Preclinical tendon and ligament models: Beyond the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement) to 5W1H (why, who, what, where, when, how) Open

Dianne Little, Peter C. Amadio, Hani A. Awad, Stephanie G. Cone, Nathaniel A. Dyment , et al. · 2023

Several tendon and ligament animal models were presented at the 2022 Orthopaedic Research Society Tendon Section Conference held at the University of Pennsylvania, May 5 to 7, 2022. A key objective of the breakout sessions at this meeting …

The subacromial bursa is a key regulator of the rotator cuff and a new therapeutic target for improving repair Open

Brittany P. Marshall, Xavier E. Ferrer, Jennifer A. Kunes, Astia C. Innis, Andrew J. Luzzi , et al. · 2023

Rotator cuff injuries result in over 500,000 surgeries performed annually, an alarmingly high number of which fail. These procedures typically involve repair of the injured tendon and removal of the subacromial bursa. However, recent ident…

Poster 274: Preseason patellar tendon thickness as a predictor of symptomatic patellar tendinopathy in NCAA Division I Basketball players Open

John D. Mueller, William K. Crockatt, Natasha Desai, Elan Goldwaser, Stavros Thomopoulos , et al. · 2023

Objectives: Patellar tendinopathy is prevalent in elite jumping athletes, with a particularly high risk in basketball players. Previous prospective research has demonstrated that ultrasound (US) findings, primarily the presence of hypoecho…

Guidelines for ex vivo mechanical testing of tendon Open

Spencer P. Lake, Jess G. Snedeker, Vincent M. Wang, Hani A. Awad, Hazel R. C. Screen , et al. · 2023

Tendons are critical for the biomechanical function of joints. Tendons connect muscles to bones and allow for the transmission of muscle forces to facilitate joint motion. Therefore, characterizing the tensile mechanical properties of tend…

The effects of NF‐κB suppression on the early healing response following intrasynovial tendon repair in a canine model Open

Ryan A. Lane, Nicole Migotsky, Necat Havlioglu, Leanne E. Iannucci, Hua Shen , et al. · 2023

The highly variable clinical outcomes noted after intrasynovial tendon repair have been associated with an early inflammatory response leading to the development of fibrovascular adhesions. Prior efforts to broadly suppress this inflammato…

All Matlab scripts used to generate figures, including data from A discrete shear lag model of the mechanics of hitchhiker plants, and its prospective application to tendon-to-bone repair Open

Ethan D. Hoppe, Victor Birman, Iden Kurtaliaj, C. Matt Guilliams, Barbara G. Pickard , et al. · 2023

All Matlab scripts used to generate figures, including data

Tenotomy-induced muscle atrophy is sex-specific and independent of NFκB Open

Gretchen A. Meyer, Stavros Thomopoulos, Yousef Abu‐Amer, Karen Shen · 2022

The nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) pathway is a major thoroughfare for skeletal muscle atrophy and is driven by diverse stimuli. Targeted inhibition of NFκB through its canonical mediator IKKβ effectively mitigates loss of muscle mass across man…

A mineralizing pool of Gli1-expressing progenitors builds the tendon enthesis and demonstrates therapeutic potential Open

Fei Fang, Yang Xiao, Elazar Zelzer, Kam W. Leong, Stavros Thomopoulos · 2022

Author response: Tenotomy-induced muscle atrophy is sex-specific and independent of NFκB Open

Gretchen A. Meyer, Stavros Thomopoulos, Yousef Abu‐Amer, Karen Shen · 2022

Article Figures and data Abstract Editor's evaluation eLife digest Introduction Results Discussion Methods Data availability References Decision letter Author response Article and author information Metrics Abstract The nuclear factor-κB (…

The Role of the Subacromial Bursa in Rotator Cuff Healing Open

Brittany P. Marshall, William N. Levine, Stavros Thomopoulos · 2022

Marshall, Brittany P. PhD; Levine, William N. MD; Thomopoulos, Stavros PhD Author Information

Tenotomy-induced muscle atrophy is sex-specific and independent of NFκB Open

Gretchen A. Meyer, Stavros Thomopoulos, Yousef Abu‐Amer, Karen Shen · 2022

The nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) pathway is a major thoroughfare for skeletal muscle atrophy and is driven by diverse stimuli. Targeted inhibition of NFκB through its canonical mediator IKKβ effectively mitigates loss of muscle mass across man…

Neonatal Enthesis Healing Involves Noninflammatory Acellular Scar Formation through Extracellular Matrix Secretion by Resident Cells Open

Ron Carmel Vinestock, Neta Felsenthal, Eran Assaraf, Eldad Katz, Sarah Rubin , et al. · 2022

Wound healing typically recruits the immune and vascular systems to restore tissue structure and function. However, injuries to the enthesis, a hypocellular and avascular tissue, often result in fibrotic scar formation and loss of mechanic…

Effects of tendon viscoelasticity on the distribution of forces across sutures in a model of tendon-to-bone repair Open

Yuxuan Huang, Ethan D. Hoppe, Iden Kurtaliaj, Victor Birman, Stavros Thomopoulos , et al. · 2022

Metabolic regulation of intrasynovial flexor tendon repair: The effects of dichloroacetate administration on early tendon healing in a canine model Open

Richard H. Gelberman, Ryan A. Lane, Shelly E. Sakiyama‐Elbert, Stavros Thomopoulos, Hua Shen · 2022

Enriched in glycolytic enzymes, paucicellular and hypovascular intrasynovial flexor tendons fail to mount an effective healing response after injury and repair. In contrast, well‐vascularized extrasynovial flexor tendons possess high level…

Pegylated insulin‐like growth factor‐1 biotherapeutic delivery promotes rotator cuff regeneration in a rat model Open

Anupama Prabhath, Varadraj N. Vernekar, Caldon Jayson Esdaille, Ellen Eisenberg, Amir Lebaschi , et al. · 2022

Tears in the rotator cuff are challenging to repair because of the complex, hypocellular, hypovascular, and movement‐active nature of the tendon and its enthesis. Insulin‐like Growth Factor‐1 (IGF‐1) is a promising therapeutic for this rep…

Nonlinear time-dependent mechanical behavior of mammalian collagen fibrils Open

Fan Yang, Debashish Das, Kathiresan Karunakaran, Guy M. Genin, Stavros Thomopoulos , et al. · 2022

The role of TGFβ signaling in Gli1+ tendon and enthesis cells Open

Lee Song, Mikhail Golman, Adam C. Abraham, Elazar Zelzer, Stavros Thomopoulos · 2022

The development of musculoskeletal tissues such as tendon, enthesis, and bone relies on proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells. Gli1+ cells have been described as putative stem cells in several tissues and are pr…

The use of connective tissue growth factor mimics for flexor tendon repair Open

Hua Shen, Solaiman Tarafder, Gayoung Park, Jichuan Qiu, Younan Xia , et al. · 2022

Intrasynovial flexor tendon lacerations of the hand are clinically problematic, typically requiring operative repair and extensive rehabilitation. The small‐molecule connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) mimics, oxotremorine M (Oxo‐M) and…

Mechanically Competent Chitosan‐Based Bioadhesive for Tendon‐to‐Bone Repair Open

Fei Fang, Roscoe T. H. Linstadt, Guy M. Genin, B. Kollbe Ahn, Stavros Thomopoulos · 2022

Current suture‐based surgical techniques used to repair torn rotator cuff tendons do not result in mechanically competent tendon‐to‐bone attachments, leading to high postoperative failure rates. Although adhesives have been proposed to pro…

Hedgehog signaling underlying tendon and enthesis development and pathology Open

Fei Fang, McKenzie E. Sup, Andrew J. Luzzi, Xavier Ferrer, Stavros Thomopoulos · 2021

Neonatal enthesis healing involves non-inflammatory formation of acellular scar through ECM secretion by resident cells Open

Ron Carmel Vinestock, Neta Felsenthal, Eran Assaraf, Eldad Katz, Sarah Rubin , et al. · 2021

Wound healing is a well-orchestrated process that typically recruits the immune and vascular systems to restore the structure and function of the injured tissue. Injuries to the enthesis, a hypocellular and avascular tissue, often result i…

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