Stefan Heim
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View article: Pitfalls in using ML to predict cognitive function performance
Pitfalls in using ML to predict cognitive function performance Open
Machine learning analyses are widely used for predicting cognitive abilities, yet there are pitfalls that need to be considered during their implementation and interpretation of the results. Hence, the present study aimed at drawing attent…
View article: Increased functional connectivity between motor and arousal brainstem nuclei and sensorimotor cortex in therapy resistant depression
Increased functional connectivity between motor and arousal brainstem nuclei and sensorimotor cortex in therapy resistant depression Open
The neural correlates of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) are not fully elucidated. Brainstem functional connectivity (FC) in TRD has rarely been investigated, despite the assumed role of several brainstem nuclei in depression. 23 pati…
View article: Bilingualism and “brain reserve” in subregions of the hippocampal formation
Bilingualism and “brain reserve” in subregions of the hippocampal formation Open
With aging, the hippocampal formation shows variable structural atrophy, which is associated with a decline in cognitive performance. Bilingualism is related to higher hippocampal gray matter volume (GMV), potentially representing a form o…
View article: Long-term evaluation of psychosocial impact and stuttering severity after intensive stuttering therapy
Long-term evaluation of psychosocial impact and stuttering severity after intensive stuttering therapy Open
Intensive stuttering therapy in childhood or adolescence can have a long-term positive effect on both internal and external stuttering symptoms.
View article: Pitfalls in using ML to predict cognitive function performance
Pitfalls in using ML to predict cognitive function performance Open
Machine learning analyses are widely used for predicting cognitive abilities, yet there are pitfalls that need to be considered during their implementation and interpretation of the results. Hence, the present study aimed at drawing attent…
View article: Quantifier processing and semantic flexibility in patients with aphasia
Quantifier processing and semantic flexibility in patients with aphasia Open
Processing of quantifiers such as “many” and “few” relies on number knowledge, linguistic abilities, and working memory. Negative quantifiers (e.g., “few,” “less than half”) induce higher processing costs than their positive counterparts. …
View article: SpEx: a German-language dataset of speech and executive function performance
SpEx: a German-language dataset of speech and executive function performance Open
This work presents data from 148 German native speakers (20–55 years of age), who completed several speaking tasks, ranging from formal tests such as word production tests to more ecologically valid spontaneous tasks that were designed to …
View article: Communicative impairment and its neural correlates in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia
Communicative impairment and its neural correlates in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia Open
Objective Communication skills can deteriorate in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD); however, their clinical assessment and treatment in patient care can be challenging. In the pr…
View article: Effectiveness of Stuttering Modification Treatment in School-Age Children Who Stutter: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Effectiveness of Stuttering Modification Treatment in School-Age Children Who Stutter: A Randomized Clinical Trial Open
Purpose: This study investigated the effectiveness of the stuttering modification intervention Kinder Dürfen Stottern (KIDS) in school-age children who stutter. Method: Seventy-three children who stutter were included in this multicenter, …
View article: The influence of bilingualism on gray matter volume in the course of aging: a longitudinal study
The influence of bilingualism on gray matter volume in the course of aging: a longitudinal study Open
Background Bilingualism is associated with higher gray matter volume (GMV) as a form of brain reserve in brain regions such as the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the inferior parietal lobule (IPL). A recent cross-sectional study reported…
View article: Mimicking effects of auditory verbal hallucinations on language production at the level of words, sentences and stories
Mimicking effects of auditory verbal hallucinations on language production at the level of words, sentences and stories Open
Schizophrenia is characterised foremost by hallucinations, delusions and disorganised speech. Deficits in the internal speech monitor may contribute to the development of auditory-verbal hallucinations. This study investigates potential ef…
View article: Is There a Difference in Facial Emotion Recognition after Stroke with vs. without Central Facial Paresis?
Is There a Difference in Facial Emotion Recognition after Stroke with vs. without Central Facial Paresis? Open
The Facial Feedback Hypothesis (FFH) states that facial emotion recognition is based on the imitation of facial emotional expressions and the processing of physiological feedback. In the light of limited and contradictory evidence, this hy…
View article: Facial Emotion Recognition in Patients with Post-Paralytic Facial Synkinesis—A Present Competence
Facial Emotion Recognition in Patients with Post-Paralytic Facial Synkinesis—A Present Competence Open
Facial palsy is a movement disorder with impacts on verbal and nonverbal communication. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of post-paralytic facial synkinesis on facial emotion recognition. In a prospective cross-sectional…
View article: Identification of Phonology-Related Genes and Functional Characterization of Broca’s and Wernicke’s Regions in Language and Learning Disorders
Identification of Phonology-Related Genes and Functional Characterization of Broca’s and Wernicke’s Regions in Language and Learning Disorders Open
Impaired phonological processing is a leading symptom of multifactorial language and learning disorders suggesting a common biological basis. Here we evaluated studies of dyslexia, dyscalculia, specific language impairment (SLI), and the l…
View article: Facial paresis and its effects on emotion recognition
Facial paresis and its effects on emotion recognition Open
In communication, facial expressions are attributed a fundamental role. Based on the controversially discussed facial feedback hypothesis, facial (i.e. visual) emotion recognition is based on the imitation of a facial expression. The aim o…
View article: A linguistic complexity pattern that defies aging: The processing of multiple negations
A linguistic complexity pattern that defies aging: The processing of multiple negations Open
We know that linguistic ability tends to diminish in aging. The question we addressed was whether it is selectively affected, and if so, whether aging affects sentence processing in the same way it affects other cognitive abilities. To thi…
View article: So Many Are “Few,” but so Few Are Also “Few” – Reduced Semantic Flexibility in bvFTD Patients
So Many Are “Few,” but so Few Are Also “Few” – Reduced Semantic Flexibility in bvFTD Patients Open
The processing of quantifier words such as "many" or "few" is a complex operation supported by a plastic fronto-parietal network predominantly in the left hemisphere. The internal reference criterion defining a quantifier (e.g., ≥50% for "…
View article: “Few” or “Many”? An Adaptation Level Theory Account for Flexibility in Quantifier Processing
“Few” or “Many”? An Adaptation Level Theory Account for Flexibility in Quantifier Processing Open
Quantifiers (e.g., "many," "some," "at least seven," "more than half") are words characterizing amounts or numerosities by reference to an internal threshold, or degree. For some quantifiers, this degree is not uniquely defined: It varies …
View article: Cognitive Profiles of Developmental Dysgraphia
Cognitive Profiles of Developmental Dysgraphia Open
Developmental dysgraphia is a disorder of writing/spelling skills, closely related to developmental dyslexia. For developmental dyslexia, profiles with a focus on phonological, attentional, visual or auditory deficits have recently been es…
View article: Performance in Sound-Symbol Learning Predicts Reading Performance 3 Years Later
Performance in Sound-Symbol Learning Predicts Reading Performance 3 Years Later Open
To master the task of reading, children need to acquire a coding system representing speech as a sequence of visual symbols. Recent research suggested that performance in the processing of artificial script that relies on the association o…
View article: A Nap But Not Rest or Activity Consolidates Language Learning
A Nap But Not Rest or Activity Consolidates Language Learning Open
Recent evidence suggests that a period of sleep after a motor learning task is a relevant factor for memory consolidation. However, it is yet open whether this also holds true for language-related learning. Therefore, the present study com…
View article: Multi-parameter machine learning approach to the neuroanatomical basis of developmental dyslexia
Multi-parameter machine learning approach to the neuroanatomical basis of developmental dyslexia Open
Despite decades of research, the anatomical abnormalities associated with developmental dyslexia are still not fully described. Studies have focused on between-group comparisons in which different neuroanatomical measures were generally ex…