Stephen Crain
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View article: Obscurity of eyebrows influences recognition of human emotion and impacts older adolescents
Obscurity of eyebrows influences recognition of human emotion and impacts older adolescents Open
Facial features (e.g. eyebrows, mouth) give important visual cues to help convey emotions such as happiness, anger, and sadness. It is ultimately through these face-to-face interactions where accurate interpretation and response to facial …
View article: The interpretation of animate nouns in child and adult Mandarin: from the Universal Grinder to syntactic structure
The interpretation of animate nouns in child and adult Mandarin: from the Universal Grinder to syntactic structure Open
Using animate nouns to refer to entities in the world involves a complex interaction of ontology, cognition and language. The present study evaluates two accounts of the use of animate nouns, with Mandarin Chinese as the vehicle for testin…
View article: Language and learning: the cognitive revolution at 60‐odd
Language and learning: the cognitive revolution at 60‐odd Open
Around the middle of the last century, the prevailing psychological paradigm of behaviourism was challenged by what is now known as the cognitive revolution. Behaviourists viewed learning as changes in patterns of behaviour through reinfor…
View article: Hidden Inverses: Coherent Error Cancellation at the Circuit Level
Hidden Inverses: Coherent Error Cancellation at the Circuit Level Open
Coherent gate errors are a concern in many proposed quantum-computing architectures. Here, we show that certain coherent errors can be reduced by a local optimization that chooses between two forms of the same Hermitian and unitary quantum…
View article: High-Stability Cryogenic System for Quantum Computing With Compact Packaged Ion Traps
High-Stability Cryogenic System for Quantum Computing With Compact Packaged Ion Traps Open
Cryogenic environments benefit ion trapping experiments by offering lower motional heating rates, collision energies, and an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) environment for maintaining long ion chains for extended periods of time. Mechanical vibrat…
View article: Children’s Interpretation of Sentences Containing Multiple Scalar Terms
Children’s Interpretation of Sentences Containing Multiple Scalar Terms Open
Sentences containing the scalar term “some”, such as “The pig carried some of his rocks”, are usually interpreted as conveying the scalar inference that the pig did not carry all of his rocks. Previous research has reported that when inter…
View article: How Adults and Children Interpret Disjunction under Negation in Dutch, French, Hungarian and Italian: A Cross-Linguistic Comparison
How Adults and Children Interpret Disjunction under Negation in Dutch, French, Hungarian and Italian: A Cross-Linguistic Comparison Open
In English, a sentence like “The cat didn’t eat the carrot or the pepper” typically receives a “neither” interpretation; in Japanese it receives a “not this or not that” interpretation. These two interpretations are in a subset/superset re…
View article: High stability cryogenic system for quantum computing with compact packaged ion traps
High stability cryogenic system for quantum computing with compact packaged ion traps Open
Cryogenic environments benefit ion trapping experiments by offering lower motional heating rates, collision energies, and an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) environment for maintaining long ion chains for extended periods of time. Mechanical vibra…
View article: The Interpretation of Disjunction in the Scope of Dou in Child Mandarin
The Interpretation of Disjunction in the Scope of Dou in Child Mandarin Open
A recent theory provides a unified cross-linguistic analysis of the interpretations that are assigned to expressions for disjunction, Negative Polarity Items, Free Choice Items, and the non-interrogative uses of wh -phrases in languages su…
View article: Negation and Free Choice Inference in Child Mandarin
Negation and Free Choice Inference in Child Mandarin Open
In sentences with internal negation, Free Choice Inferences (FCIs) are canceled (Chierchia, 2013). The present study investigated the possibility that FCIs are negated, not canceled, by external negation. In previous research, both Mandari…
View article: High-Fidelity Two-Qubit Gates Using a Microelectromechanical-System-Based Beam Steering System for Individual Qubit Addressing
High-Fidelity Two-Qubit Gates Using a Microelectromechanical-System-Based Beam Steering System for Individual Qubit Addressing Open
In a large scale trapped atomic ion quantum computer, high-fidelity two-qubit gates need to be extended over all qubits with individual control. We realize and characterize high-fidelity two-qubit gates in a system with up to four ions usi…
View article: Co-Increasing Neuronal Noise and Beta Power in the Developing Brain
Co-Increasing Neuronal Noise and Beta Power in the Developing Brain Open
Accumulating evidence across species indicates that brain oscillations are superimposed upon an aperiodic 1/ f - like power spectrum. Maturational changes in neuronal oscillations have not been assessed in tandem with this underlying aperi…
View article: High-speed low-crosstalk detection of a 171Yb+ qubit using superconducting nanowire single photon detectors
High-speed low-crosstalk detection of a 171Yb+ qubit using superconducting nanowire single photon detectors Open
Qubits used in quantum computing suffer from errors, either from the qubit interacting with the environment, or from imperfect quantum logic gates. Effective quantum error correcting codes require a high fidelity readout of ancilla qubits …
View article: An Asymmetric Universal in Child Language
An Asymmetric Universal in Child Language Open
Investigations of sentences with the universal quantifier every have led to qualitatively different conclusions about children's linguistic knowledge. The aim of this paper is to investigate the extent to which children know the semantics …
View article: Studying Brain Function in Children Using Magnetoencephalography
Studying Brain Function in Children Using Magnetoencephalography Open
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique which directly measures magnetic fields produced by the electrical activity of the human brain. MEG is quiet and less likely to induce claustrophobia compared with magne…
View article: High-Speed Low-Crosstalk Detection of a $^{171}$Yb$^+$ Qubit using Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors
High-Speed Low-Crosstalk Detection of a $^{171}$Yb$^+$ Qubit using Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors Open
Qubits used in quantum computing tend to suffer from errors, either from the qubit interacting with the environment, or from imperfect control when quantum logic gates are applied. Fault-tolerant construction based on quantum error correct…
View article: Unravelling the Cognition of Coding in 3-to-6-year Olds
Unravelling the Cognition of Coding in 3-to-6-year Olds Open
There is growing interest in teaching children computer programming ("coding") to prepare them for the demands of our increasingly digital society. However, we do not yet understand what cognitive skills children need in order to learn to …
View article: Children's comprehension of plural predicate conjunction
Children's comprehension of plural predicate conjunction Open
Previous developmental studies of conjunction have focused on the syntax of phrasal and sentential coordination (Lust, 1977; de Villiers, Tager-Flusberg & Hakuta, 1977; Bloom, Lahey, Hood, Lifter & Fiess, 1980, among others). The present s…
View article: Two negations for the price of one
Two negations for the price of one Open
Standard English is typically described as a double negation language. In double negation languages, each negative marker contributes independent semantic force. Two negations in the same clause usually cancel each other out, resulting in…
View article: Born in the USA: a comparison of modals and nominal quantifiers in child language
Born in the USA: a comparison of modals and nominal quantifiers in child language Open
One of the challenges confronted by language learners is to master the interpretation of sentences with multiple logical operators (e.g., nominal quantifiers, modals, negation), where different interpretations depend on different scope ass…
View article: Error compensation of single-qubit gates in a surface-electrode ion trap using composite pulses
Error compensation of single-qubit gates in a surface-electrode ion trap using composite pulses Open
The fidelity of laser-driven quantum logic operations on trapped ion qubits\ntend to be lower than microwave-driven logic operations due to the difficulty\nof stabilizing the driving fields at the ion location. Through stabilization of\nth…
View article: Plurality inferences are scalar implicatures: Evidence from acquisition
Plurality inferences are scalar implicatures: Evidence from acquisition Open
This paper provides novel experimental evidence for a scalar implicature approach to the plurality inferences that are associated with English plural morphology (Emily fed giraffes -> Emily fed more than one giraffe). Using a Truth Valu…
View article: At the Semantics / Pragmatics Interface in Child Language
At the Semantics / Pragmatics Interface in Child Language Open
No abstract.
View article: Children's knowledge of free choice inferences
Children's knowledge of free choice inferences Open
This paper presents experimental results showing that four-year-old Mandarin- speaking children draw free choice inferences from disjunctive statements, though they are not able to compute inferences of exclusivity for disjunctive statemen…
View article: Scalable Digital Hardware for a Trapped Ion Quantum Computer
Scalable Digital Hardware for a Trapped Ion Quantum Computer Open
Many of the challenges of scaling quantum computer hardware lie at the interface between the qubits and the classical control signals used to manipulate them. Modular ion trap quantum computer architectures address scalability by construct…