Explanipedia

Differences in Population Estimates and Disease Prevalence: Comparing EHR-Derived Counts to the Census and CDC PLACES (Preprint) Open

Tyler N. A. Winkelman, Kelly R. Bergmann, Peter Bodurtha, Alanna M. Chamberlain, Adams Dudley , et al. · 2025

BACKGROUND Accurate small area estimates of vaccination rates and disease burden can inform public health interventions. OBJECTIVE To compare population denominators derived from census data and electronic health record (EHR) data from …

Real‐World Characterization of Psychiatric Pharmacogenomic Test Ordering and Clinical Relevance in Adults and Children Open

Lusi Zhang, Anthony Tholkes, Kevin Jones, Lifeng Yang, Gretchen Sieger , et al. · 2025

Pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing is increasingly utilized to guide psychiatric medication selection and dosing, yet real‐world characterizations of test ordering and clinical implications remain understudied. Additionally, the extent to which…

Estimating Health Condition Prevalence Among a Statewide Cohort with Recent Homelessness or Incarceration Open

Lucas Zellmer, Renee Van Siclen, Peter Bodurtha, Paul E. Drawz, Stephen C. Waring , et al. · 2025

Background Public health data systems have limited ability to provide timely, population-level information for people with severe and multiple disadvantages, such as individuals with recent homelessness or incarceration. Objective To gener…

Comparative effectiveness of combining antidiabetic medications to treat renal impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Open

Qiu Mo, Terrence J Adam, Steve Johnson, Amir Moheet, David S. Pieczkiewicz · 2025

The comparative renoprotective effects of metformin-GLP-1 RA (glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist), metformin-DPP-4i (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor) and metformin-oADM (other antidiabetes medication) in patients with DKD (diabetic …

Artifacts in spatial transcriptomics data: their detection, importance, prevalence, and prevention Open

Erich Kummerfeld, Leland Williams, Yinzhao Wang, Samuel T. Peters, Elizabeth Schmidt , et al. · 2025

Data artifacts may induce errors in findings from any spatial transcriptomics platform. To provide protection from these errors, we have developed Border, Location, and edge Artifact DEtection (BLADE). BLADE is a novel collection of automa…

Severity of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk of new-onset autoimmune disease: A RECOVER initiative study in nationwide U.S. cohorts Open

Shannon W. Wuller, Nora G. Singer, Colby Lewis, Elizabeth W. Karlson, Grant S. Schulert , et al. · 2025

SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with increased autoimmune disease risk. Past studies have not aligned regarding the most prevalent autoimmune diseases after infection, however. Furthermore, the relationship between infection sever…

595 Is PHASTR faster? A target trial emulation case study in the N3C Open

Steve Johnson, Carolyn T. Bramante, Til Stürmer‎, John B. Buse, Talia D. Wiggen , et al. · 2025

Objectives/Goals: Our study team won a Public Health Answers to Speed Tractable Results (PHASTR) contract to conduct a target trial emulation to answer “Does metformin show a reduction of severe outcomes of COVID-19 or of Long COVID in the…

Predicting accrual success for better clinical trial resource allocation Open

Sisi Ma, Yinzhao Wang, John E. Wagner, Steve Johnson, Serguei Pakhomov , et al. · 2025

578. Metformin reduces the risk of Long COVID or Death over 6 months in an Emulated Target Trial of Primarily Omicron-infected Adults without Diabetes or Prediabetes: a New-User, Active-Comparator Analysis Using the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) Electronic Health Record Database. This research was supported in part by the Intramural/Extramural research program of the National Center for Advancing Translational Science, NIH Open

Carolyn T. Bramante, Til Stürmer‎, Jared D. Huling, John B. Buse, Steve Johnson , et al. · 2025

Background Metformin has decreased SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 4 cell lines. In a RCT of > 1,000 majority vaccinated outpatients, COVID-19 related ED visits/Hospitalization/Death occurred in 4.7% of the metformin vs 9.0% of the placebo group by D…

A Standardized Guideline for Assessing Extracted Electronic Health Records Cohorts: A Scoping Review. Open

Nattanit Songthangtham, Ratchada Jantraporn, Elizabeth Weinfurter, György Simon, Wei Pan , et al. · 2025

Assessing how accurately a cohort extracted from Electronic Health Records (EHR) represents the intended target population, or cohort fitness, is critical but often overlooked in secondary EHR data use. This scoping review aimed to (1) ide…

Racial and Ethnic and Rural Variations in the Use of Hybrid Prenatal Care in the US Open

Peiyin Hung, Jiani Yu, Sayward E. Harrison, Jihong Liu, Adiba B. Promiti , et al. · 2024

Importance Understanding whether there are racial and ethnic and residential disparities in prenatal telehealth uptake is necessary for ensuring equitable access and guiding implementation of future hybrid (ie, both telehealth and in-perso…

Design of risk-based surveillance to demonstrate absence of Phytophthora agathidicida in New Zealand kauri forests Open

M. Cecilia Latham, Audrey Lustig, Nari Williams, Andrew McDonald, Taoho Patuawa , et al. · 2024

Prevalent Metformin Use in Adults With Diabetes and the Incidence of Long COVID: An EHR-Based Cohort Study From the RECOVER Program Open

Steve Johnson, Sajjad Abedian, Til Stürmer‎, Jared D. Huling, Colby Lewis V , et al. · 2024

Studies show metformin use before and during SARS-CoV-2 infection reduces severe COVID-19 and postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) in adults. Our objective was to describe the incidence of PASC and possible associations with prevalent m…

Prevalent Metformin Use in Adults with Diabetes and the Incidence of Long Covid: An EHR-based Cohort Study from the RECOVER Program Open

Steve Johnson, Sajjad Abedian, Til Stürmer‎, Jared D. Huling, Colby Lewis , et al. · 2024

Objective: Studies show metformin use before and during SARS-CoV-2 infection reduces severe COVID-19 and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) in adults. Our objective was to describe the incidence of PASC and possible associations with…

Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Incident Diabetes by Viral Variant: Findings From the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) Open

Rachel Wong, Margeret Hall, Talia D. Wiggen, Steve Johnson, Jared D. Huling , et al. · 2024

OBJECTIVE: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has evolved over time by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant, disease severity, treatment, and prevention. There is evidence of an elevated risk of incide…

Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Incident Diabetes by Viral Variant: Findings From the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) Open

Rachel Wong, Margeret Hall, Talia D. Wiggen, Steve Johnson, Jared D. Huling , et al. · 2024

OBJECTIVE The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has evolved over time by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant, disease severity, treatment, and prevention. There is evidence of an elevated risk of inciden…

Optimizing pain management in breast cancer care: Utilizing ‘All of Us’ data and deep learning to identify patients at elevated risk for chronic pain Open

Jung In Park, Steve Johnson, Lisiane Pruinelli · 2024

Purpose The aim of the study was to develop a prediction model using deep learning approach to identify breast cancer patients at high risk for chronic pain. Design This study was a retrospective, observational study. Methods We used demog…

The Relationship Between Patient Perceived Pain and the Numerical Rating System: A Prospective Validation Using Electronic Health Record Data Open

Lisiane Pruinelli, Minh Nguyen, Nicholas Stalter, Steve Johnson, György Simon , et al. · 2024

We developed a method of using the Clinically Aligned Pain Assessment (CAPA) measures to reconstruct the Numeric Rating System (NRS). We used an observational retrospective cohort study design with prospective validation using de-identifie…

CancerLLM: A Large Language Model in Cancer Domain Open

Mingchen Li, Anne Blaes, Steve Johnson, Hongfang Liu, Hua Xu , et al. · 2024

Medical Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on a wide variety of medical NLP tasks; however, there still lacks a LLM specifically designed for phenotyping identification and diagnosis in cancer domain. Mor…

Glycemic Control and Clinical Outcomes in U.S. Patients With COVID-19: Data From the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) Database Open

Raymond C.B. Wong, Margaret Hall, Rohith Vaddavalli, Abhinav Anand, Neha Arora , et al. · 2024

OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study is to evaluate the relationship between HbA1c and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with acute COVID-19 infection. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS…

183 Translational Health Informatics Support Service Practices, Challenges, and Facilitators Open

Boris B. Volkov, Chris Pulley, Gretchen Sieger, Steve Johnson · 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Utilized novel TS evaluation methods and tools: - Translational Science Case Study protocol adapted to examine translational support service practices, barriers and facilitators influencing trans…

Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Infection Severity on Longer-Term Glycemic Control and Weight in People With Type 2 Diabetes Open

Raymond C.B. Wong, Rohith Vaddavalli, Margaret A Hall, Mikin Patel, C.T. Bramante , et al. · 2024

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and severity of infection with longer-term glycemic control and weight in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the U.S. RESEARC…

Promoting Learning Health System Cycles by Optimizing EHR Data Clinical Concept Encoding Processes Open

Piper A. Ranallo, Bronwyn Southwell, Christopher J. Tignanelli, Steve Johnson, Richard A. Krueger , et al. · 2024

Electronic health records (EHRs) and other real-world data (RWD) are critical to accelerating and scaling care improvement and transformation. To efficiently leverage it for secondary uses, EHR/RWD should be optimally managed and mapped to…

Market failure or state failure: a re-assessment of the case for SME policy Open

Steve Johnson · 2024

Researchers, policy makers, support agencies and SME groups have a tendency to assume that there exists a strong case for the provision of government support for the SME sector. Most policy debates revolve around how to promote and/or supp…

Regulatory Aspects and Ethical Legal Societal Implications (ELSI) Open

Steve Johnson, György Simon, Constantin Aliferis · 2024

This chapter reviews the context of regulating AI/ML models, the risk management principles underlying international regulations of clinical AI/ML, the conditions under which health AI/ML models in the U.S. are regulated by the Food and Dr…

Data Preparation, Transforms, Quality, and Management Open

Steve Johnson, György Simon, Constantin Aliferis · 2024

Data preparation and feature engineering transform source data elements into a form that can be used by analytic and machine learning methods. Raw source data elements are transformed into data design features that are specified in the dat…

Are fewer cases of diabetes mellitus diagnosed in the months after SARS-CoV-2 infection? A population-level view in the EHR-based RECOVER program Open

Neha V Reddy, Hsin‐Chieh Yeh, Jena Shaw Tronieri, Til Stürmer‎, John B. Buse , et al. · 2023

Long-term sequelae of severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may include increased incidence of diabetes. Here we describe the temporal relationship between new type 2 diabetes and SARS-CoV-2 infection in a nationwid…

Community engagement group model in basic and biomedical research: lessons learned from the BEAT-HIV Delaney Collaboratory towards an HIV-1 cure Open

Karine Dubé, Beth Peterson, Nora L. Jones, Amy Onorato, William B. Carter , et al. · 2023

Does COVID-19 Infection Increase the Risk of Diabetes? Current Evidence Open

Rachel Wong, Emily K.Y. Lam, Carolyn T. Bramante, Steve Johnson, Jane E.B. Reusch , et al. · 2023

Purpose of Review Multiple studies report an increased incidence of diabetes following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given the potential increased global burden of diabetes, understanding the effect of SARS-CoV-2 in the epidemiology of diabetes is…

Data Science Implementation Trends in Nursing Practice: A Review of the 2021 Literature Open

Ann Wieben, Rachel Walden, Bader G. Alreshidi, Sophia Brown, Kenrick Cato , et al. · 2023

Objectives The goal of this work was to provide a review of the implementation of data science-driven applications focused on structural or outcome-related nurse-sensitive indicators in the literature in 2021. By conducting this review, we…

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