Explanipedia

Mesoscale and Microphysical Characteristics of Elevated Convection and Banded Precipitation over an Arctic Cold Front: A Case Study from IMPACTS Open

Song Zhang, Troy J. Zaremba, Robert M. Rauber, Megan M. Varcie, Julian Schima , et al. · 2025

The mesoscale and microphysical structure of a cloud system associated with an Arctic front is analyzed using data from two research aircraft, two WSR-88D radars, the HYSPLIT model, and initialization fields from the RAP model. The flights…

Analyzing Self-Organizing Maps of Modeled U.S. Coastal Wind Regimes with a Comparison to Observations Open

Steven Naegele, James M. Wilczak, Steven J. Greybush, George S. Young, Melissa Gervais , et al. · 2025

Wind offshore of the northeastern United States is a vast and plentiful resource. However, wind variability needs accounting for when planning, installing, and operating offshore wind farms. Therefore, increased knowledge of four general a…

Preconception and Prenatal Environment and Growth Faltering Among Children in Uganda Open

Paddy Ssentongo, Claudio Fronterrè, Jessica E. Ericson, Ming Wang, Laila Al‐Shaar , et al. · 2025

Importance Children with growth faltering are more susceptible to infections and may experience cognitive, physical, and metabolic developmental impairments. Objective To assess whether prenatal and preconception meteorological and environ…

Physically Explainable Deep Learning for Convective Initiation Nowcasting Using GOES-16 Satellite Observations Open

Da Fan, Steven J. Greybush, Eugene E. Clothiaux, David John Gagne · 2024

Convective initiation (CI) nowcasting remains a challenging problem for both numerical weather prediction models and existing nowcasting algorithms. In this study, an object-based probabilistic deep learning model is developed to predict C…

Physically Explainable Deep Learning for Convective Initiation Nowcasting Using GOES-16 Satellite Observations Open

Da Fan, Steven J. Greybush, David John Gagne, Eugene E. Clothiaux · 2023

Convection initiation (CI) nowcasting remains a challenging problem for both numerical weather prediction models and existing nowcasting algorithms. In this study, object-based probabilistic deep learning models are developed to predict CI…

Diagnosing Factors Leading to an Incorrect Supercell Thunderstorm Forecast Open

Paul D. Mykolajtchuk, Keenan C. Eure, David J. Stensrud, Yunji Zhang, Steven J. Greybush , et al. · 2023

On 28 April 2019, hourly forecasts from the operational High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model consistently predicted an isolated supercell storm late in the day near Dodge City, Kansas, that subsequently was not observed. Two convecti…

Assessing Practical Predictability of Winter Storms using NWP and Ensemble Data Assimilation Open

Steven J. Greybush, Jon Seibert, Yunji Zhang, Matthew R. Kumjian · 2023

Winter storms remain a prediction challenge, from the synoptic-scale evolution of the associated mid-latitude cyclone to the formation, location, and intensity of mesoscale snowbands, to the transitions in precipitation type, to terrain-en…

Stabilizing the return to normal behavior in an epidemic Open

Tyrus Berry, Matthew J. Ferrari, Timothy Sauer, Steven J. Greybush, Donald Ebeigbe , et al. · 2023

Predicting the interplay between infectious disease and behavior has been an intractable problem because behavioral response is so varied. We introduce a general framework for feedback between incidence and behavior for an infectious disea…

Simultaneous Assimilation of Planetary Boundary Layer Observations from Radar and All-Sky Satellite Observations to Improve Forecasts of Convection Initiation Open

Keenan C. Eure, Paul D. Mykolajtchuk, Yunji Zhang, David J. Stensrud, Fuqing Zhang , et al. · 2023

Accurate predictions of the location and timing of convection initiation (CI) remain a challenge, even in high-resolution convection allowing models (CAMs). Many of the processes necessary for daytime CI are rooted in the planetary boundar…

Verification of operational numerical weather prediction model forecasts of precipitation using satellite rainfall estimates over Africa Open

Yan Wang, M. Guéye, Steven J. Greybush, Helen Greatrex, Andrew J. Whalen , et al. · 2023

Rainfall is an important variable to be able to monitor and forecast across Africa, due to its impact on agriculture, food security, climate‐related diseases and public health. Numerical weather models (NWMs) are an important component of …

Low‐Level Jets and the Convergence of Mars Data Assimilation Algorithms Open

Todd A. Mooring, Gabrielle E. Davis, Steven J. Greybush · 2022

Data assimilation is an increasingly popular technique in Mars atmospheric science, but its effect on the mean states of the underlying atmosphere models has not been thoroughly examined. The robustness of results to the choice of model an…

Verification of Operational Numerical Weather Prediction Model Forecasts of Precipitation Using Satellite Rainfall Estimates over Africa Open

Y. Wang, Steven J. Greybush, M. Guéye, Helen Greatrex, F. Zhang , et al. · 2022

Rainfall is an important variable to be able to monitor and forecast across Africa, due to its impact on agriculture, food security, climate related diseases and public health. Numerical Weather Models (NWM) are an important component of t…

Ensemble‐Based Assimilation of Satellite All‐Sky Microwave Radiances Improves Intensity and Rainfall Predictions for Hurricane Harvey (2017) Open

Yunji Zhang, Scott B. Sieron, Yinghui Lu, Xingchao Chen, Robert G. Nystrom , et al. · 2021

Ensemble‐based data assimilation of radar observations across inner‐core regions of tropical cyclones (TCs) in tandem with satellite all‐sky infrared (IR) radiances across the TC domain improves TC track and intensity forecasts. This study…

Ensemble-Based Assimilation of Satellite All-Sky Microwave Radiances Improves Intensity and Rainfall Predictions for Hurricane Harvey (2017) Open

Yunji Zhang, Scott B. Sieron, Yinghui Lu, Xingchao Chen, Robert G. Nystrom , et al. · 2021

Earth and Space Science Open Archive This work has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Research Letters. Version of RecordESSOAr is a venue for early communication or feedback before peer review. Data may be preliminary. Learn mor…

Ensemble-Based Assimilation of Satellite All-Sky Microwave Radiances Improves Intensity and Rainfall Predictions for Hurricane Harvey (2017) 2 3 Open

Yunji Zhang, Scott B. Sieron, Yinghui Lu, Xingchao Chen, Robert G. Nystrom , et al. · 2021

Earth and Space Science Open Archive This work has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Research Letters. Version of RecordESSOAr is a venue for early communication or feedback before peer review. Data may be preliminary. Learn mor…

Revisiting Online and Offline Data Assimilation Comparison for Paleoclimate Reconstruction: An Idealized OSSE Study Open

Atsushi Okazaki, Takemasa Miyoshi, Kei Yoshimura, Steven J. Greybush, Fuqing Zhang · 2021

Data assimilation (DA) has been applied to estimate the time‐mean state, such as annual mean surface temperature for paleoclimate reconstruction. There are two types of DA for this purpose: online‐DA and offline‐DA. The online‐DA estimates…

Pan-African evolution of within- and between-country COVID-19 dynamics Open

Paddy Ssentongo, Claudio Fronterrè, Andrew Geronimo, Steven J. Greybush, Pamela Mbabazi , et al. · 2021

Significance We created a strategy for understanding the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic throughout the African continent. Because high-quality mobility data are challenging to obtain across Africa, the approach provides the ability to …

Toward More Realistic Simulation and Prediction of Dust Storms on Mars Open

Claire Newman, Tanguy Bertrand, J. Michael Battalio, Mackenzie Day, Manuel de la Torre Juárez , et al. · 2021

Written by: Claire E. Newman (Aeolis Res.) Tanguy Bertrand (NASA Ames) Joseph Battalio (Yale Univ.) Mackenzie Day (UCLA) Manuel de la Torre Juarez (JPL) Meredith K. Elrod (NASA GSFC) Francesca Esposito (INAF-OAC) Lori Fenton (SETI Inst.) C…

Building a standardized Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) framework for Mars Open

Oreste Reale, Thomas J. Fauchez, Samuel Teinturier, Scott D. Guzewich, Steven J. Greybush , et al. · 2021

Whitepaper #110 submitted to the Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey 2023-2032. Topics: Mars; other: Improved design of future atmospheric observing systems for Mars; other science themes: Atmospheric Modeling and Data Assimi…

Revisiting online and offline data assimilation comparison for paleoclimate reconstruction: an idealized OSSE study Open

Atsushi Okazaki, Takemasa Miyoshi, Kei Yoshimura, Steven J. Greybush, Fuqing Zhang · 2020

Data assimilation (DA) has been applied to estimate the time-mean state such as annual mean surface temperature for paleoclimate reconstruction. There are two types of DA for this purpose: online-DA and offline-DA. The online-DA estimates …

Tracking and predicting the African COVID-19 pandemic Open

Paddy Ssentongo, Claudio Fronterrè, Andrew Geronimo, Steven J. Greybush, Pamela Mbabazi , et al. · 2020

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is heterogeneous throughout Africa and threatening millions of lives. Surveillance and short-term modeling forecasts are critical to provide timely information for decisions on contr…

Climatology of wind variability for the Shagaya region in Kuwait Open

Steven Naegele, Tyler McCandless, Steven J. Greybush, George S. Young, Sue Ellen Haupt , et al. · 2020

Electrical system operators utilizing wind energy production need accurate wind power forecasts to prepare for changes in power production. To understand the forecast problem and sources of forecast uncertainty, a climatology of the region…

Tailored Ensemble Prediction Systems: Application of Seamless Scale Bred Vectors Open

Alejandro Hermoso, V. Homar, Steven J. Greybush, David J. Stensrud · 2020

Uncertainty in numerical weather forecasts arising from an imperfect knowledge of the initial condition of the atmospheric system and the discrete modeling of physical processes is addressed with ensemble prediction systems. The breeding m…

The Ensemble Mars Atmosphere Reanalysis System (EMARS) Version 1.0 Open

Steven J. Greybush, Eugenia Kalnay, R. J. Wilson, Ross N. Hoffman, Thomas Nehrkorn , et al. · 2019

The Ensemble Mars Atmosphere Reanalysis System (EMARS) dataset version 1.0 contains hourly gridded atmospheric variables for the planet Mars, spanning Mars Year (MY) 24 through 33 (1999 through 2017). A reanalysis represents the best estim…

Predicting the Inland Penetration of Long-Lake-Axis-Parallel Snowbands Open

Daniel T. Eipper, George S. Young, Steven J. Greybush, Seth Saslo, Todd D. Sikora , et al. · 2018

Predicting the inland penetration of lake-effect long-lake-axis-parallel (LLAP) snowbands is crucial to public safety because LLAP bands can produce hazardous weather well downwind of the parent lake. Accordingly, hypotheses for the variat…

The Challenge of Atmospheric Data Assimilation on Mars Open

T. Navarro, F. Forget, Ehouarn Millour, Steven J. Greybush, Eugenia Kalnay , et al. · 2017

Data assimilation is carried out for the Martian atmosphere with the Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) retrievals of temperature, dust, and ice. It is performed for the period Ls = 180° to Ls = 320° of Mars Year 29 with the Local Ensemble Transfo…

Impact of assimilation window length on diurnal features in a Mars atmospheric analysis Open

Yongjing Zhao, Steven J. Greybush, R. J. Wilson, Ross N. Hoffman, Eugenia Kalnay · 2015

Effective simulation of diurnal variability is an important aspect of many geophysical data assimilation systems. For the Martian atmosphere, thermal tides are particularly prominent and contribute much to the Martian atmospheric circulati…

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