Steven R. Smith
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View article: Microbial Feast or Famine: dietary carbohydrate composition and gut microbiota metabolic function
Microbial Feast or Famine: dietary carbohydrate composition and gut microbiota metabolic function Open
Diet composition plays a major role in shaping the structure and function of the gut microbiota and influencing host health. While numerous studies have investigated the impact of macronutrient type and quantity on microbiota using in vitr…
View article: Hormetic elevation of taurine restrains inflammaging by deactivating the NLRP3 inflammasome
Hormetic elevation of taurine restrains inflammaging by deactivating the NLRP3 inflammasome Open
Taurine, the most abundant sulfonic amino acid in humans is largely obtained from diets rich in animal proteins. However, taurine is dietary non-essential because it can be synthesized from cysteine by activation of transsulfuration pathwa…
View article: Targeting the Gut Microbiota’s Role in Host Energy Absorption With Precision Nutrition Interventions for the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity
Targeting the Gut Microbiota’s Role in Host Energy Absorption With Precision Nutrition Interventions for the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity Open
The field of precision nutrition aims to develop dietary approaches based on individual biological factors such as genomics or the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, which is the highly individualized and complex community of microbes res…
View article: Critical analysis of dual‐energy <scp>x</scp>‐ray absorptiometry—measured body composition changes with voluntary weight loss
Critical analysis of dual‐energy <span>x</span>‐ray absorptiometry—measured body composition changes with voluntary weight loss Open
Objective When treated with a macronutrient‐balanced hypocaloric diet, do male individuals who have overweight and obesity lose relatively more dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA)‐measured lean soft tissue (LST) mass than female individ…
View article: Exercise alters molecular profiles of inflammation and substrate metabolism in human white adipose tissue
Exercise alters molecular profiles of inflammation and substrate metabolism in human white adipose tissue Open
This is the first study to utilize a multiomic (RNAseq, proteomics, and phosphoproteomics) approach to investigate molecular adaptations in WAT after a short-term intervention in sedentary overweight women. We show that supervised aerobic …
View article: Global metabolite profiling in feces, serum, and urine yields insights into energy balance phenotypes induced by diet-driven microbiome remodeling
Global metabolite profiling in feces, serum, and urine yields insights into energy balance phenotypes induced by diet-driven microbiome remodeling Open
Background. Preclinical literature and behavioral human data suggest that diet profoundly impacts the human gut microbiome and energy absorption—a key determinant of energy balance. To determine whether these associations are causal, domic…
View article: Effects of the Davos Alzheimer's Collaborative early detection of cognitive impairment program on clinician attitudes, engagement, and confidence
Effects of the Davos Alzheimer's Collaborative early detection of cognitive impairment program on clinician attitudes, engagement, and confidence Open
The implementation of digital cognitive assessment tools and a blood biomarker test was associated with an increase in healthcare professionals' confidence in diagnosing and managing patients with cognitive impairment in primary care and n…
View article: Modeling the microbial contribution to human Energy Balance using the Digestion, Absorption, and Microbial Metabolism (DAMM) model
Modeling the microbial contribution to human Energy Balance using the Digestion, Absorption, and Microbial Metabolism (DAMM) model Open
Colonic microorganisms have been linked to human health and disease, specifically metabolic disease states such as obesity, but causal relationships remain to be established. Previous work demonstrated that interactions between the host’s …
View article: Methanogens are associated with altered microbial production of short-chain fatty acids and human-host metabolizable energy
Methanogens are associated with altered microbial production of short-chain fatty acids and human-host metabolizable energy Open
Methanogens are CH 4 -producing, H 2 -oxidizing (i.e. hydrogenotrophic) archaea. Numerous studies have associated methanogens with obesity, but these results have been inconsistent. One link to host metabolism may be methanogens’ ability t…
View article: Methanogenesis associated with altered microbial production of short-chain fatty acids and human-host metabolizable energy
Methanogenesis associated with altered microbial production of short-chain fatty acids and human-host metabolizable energy Open
Methanogens are methane-producing, hydrogen-oxidizing (i.e. hydrogenotrophic) archaea. Numerous studies have associated methanogens with obesity, but these results have been inconsistent. One link to metabolism may be methanogens’ hydrogen…
View article: Advancing Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease in the Primary Care Setting in the United States
Advancing Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease in the Primary Care Setting in the United States Open
Background Recent advances in diagnostics have made it possible to identify early signs of the pathophysiological changes underlying Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) via blood tests. However, the use of blood‐based biomarkers (BBBMs) for the early…
View article: Implementing Digital Cognitive Assessments to Detect Cognitive Impairment: Results from the Davos Alzheimer’s Collaborative Early Detection Program
Implementing Digital Cognitive Assessments to Detect Cognitive Impairment: Results from the Davos Alzheimer’s Collaborative Early Detection Program Open
Background Cognitive impairment is frequently undetected or undiagnosed in the early stages. To increase the rates of detecting cognitive impairment, the Early Detection program of the Davos Alzheimer’s Collaborative System Preparedness (D…
View article: Improving communication during damage control surgery: a survey of adult major trauma centres in England
Improving communication during damage control surgery: a survey of adult major trauma centres in England Open
We have identified key components to advanced communication aids for damage control surgery, providing a foundation on which other major trauma centres can build their own versions of these potentially lifesaving tools.
View article: Aging human abdominal subcutaneous white adipose tissue at single cell resolution
Aging human abdominal subcutaneous white adipose tissue at single cell resolution Open
White adipose tissue (WAT) is a robust energy storage and endocrine organ critical for maintaining metabolic health as we age. Our aim was to identify cell‐specific transcriptional aberrations that occur in WAT with aging. We leveraged ful…
View article: Cysteine depletion triggers adipose tissue thermogenesis and weight-loss
Cysteine depletion triggers adipose tissue thermogenesis and weight-loss Open
Dietary interventions such as caloric restriction (CR) 1 and methionine restriction 2 that prolong lifespan induce the ‘browning’ of white adipose tissue (WAT), an adaptive metabolic response that increases heat production to maintain heal…
View article: Myokine Secretion following an Aerobic Exercise Intervention in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes with or without Exercise Resistance
Myokine Secretion following an Aerobic Exercise Intervention in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes with or without Exercise Resistance Open
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by muscle metabolic dysfunction that exercise can minimize, but some patients do not respond to an exercise intervention. Myokine secretion is intrinsically altered in patients with T2D, but the role …
View article: A phase 1 study of regorafenib and sildenafil in adults with advanced solid tumors
A phase 1 study of regorafenib and sildenafil in adults with advanced solid tumors Open
The purpose of this study is to establish the recommended phase 2 dose for regorafenib in combination with sildenafil for patients with advanced solid tumors. Secondary outcomes included identification of antitumor effects of regorafenib a…
View article: Distinct subpopulations of human subcutaneous adipose tissue precursor cells revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing
Distinct subpopulations of human subcutaneous adipose tissue precursor cells revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing Open
Identification of distinct subpopulations of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in upper body abdominal subcutaneous (ABD) and lower body gluteofemoral subcutaneous (GF) adipose tissue depots. In ABD-ADSCs, subpopulations are more committe…
View article: Transcriptional Control of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue by the Transcription Factor CTCF Modulates Heterogeneity in Fat Distribution in Women
Transcriptional Control of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue by the Transcription Factor CTCF Modulates Heterogeneity in Fat Distribution in Women Open
Determining the mechanism driving body fat distribution will provide insights into obesity-related health risks. We used functional genomics tools to profile the epigenomic landscape to help infer the differential transcriptional potential…
View article: An Atlas of Promoter Chromatin Modifications and HiChIP Regulatory Interactions in Human Subcutaneous Adipose-Derived Stem Cells
An Atlas of Promoter Chromatin Modifications and HiChIP Regulatory Interactions in Human Subcutaneous Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Open
The genome of human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) from abdominal and gluteofemoral adipose tissue depots are maintained in depot-specific stable epigenetic conformations that influence cell-autonomous gene expression patterns and driv…
View article: Detection of Early Alzheimer’s disease at AdventHealth: A Davos Alzheimer’s Collaborative flagship site
Detection of Early Alzheimer’s disease at AdventHealth: A Davos Alzheimer’s Collaborative flagship site Open
Background Early identification of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is critical for disease‐modifying therapies. The Davos Alzheimer’s Collaborative flagship program tested the feasibility of implementing a digital cognitive assessment (DCA) follo…
View article: EARLY DETECTION IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AT ADVENTHEALTH: A DAVOS ALZHEIMER’S COLLABORATIVE FLAGSHIP SITE
EARLY DETECTION IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AT ADVENTHEALTH: A DAVOS ALZHEIMER’S COLLABORATIVE FLAGSHIP SITE Open
Background The emergence of new therapeutics highlights the need for more efficient and equitable early identification of people at risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. The Davos Alzheimer’s Collaborative flagship program was designed t…
View article: Reduction of SPARC protects mice against NLRP3 inflammasome activation and obesity
Reduction of SPARC protects mice against NLRP3 inflammasome activation and obesity Open
The comprehensive assessment of long-term effects of reducing intake of energy (CALERIE-II; NCT00427193) clinical trial established that caloric restriction (CR) in humans lowers inflammation. The identity and mechanism of endogenous CR-mi…
View article: DNA methylation at ABCG1 and long-term changes in adiposity and fat distribution in response to diet interventions: the POUNDS Lost trial
DNA methylation at ABCG1 and long-term changes in adiposity and fat distribution in response to diet interventions: the POUNDS Lost trial Open
Objective: To examine whether participants with different levels of diabetes-related DNA methylation at ABCG1 might respond differently to dietary weight-loss interventions with long-term changes in adiposity and body fat distribution. Res…
View article: DNA methylation at ABCG1 and long-term changes in adiposity and fat distribution in response to diet interventions: the POUNDS Lost trial
DNA methylation at ABCG1 and long-term changes in adiposity and fat distribution in response to diet interventions: the POUNDS Lost trial Open
Objective: To examine whether participants with different levels of diabetes-related DNA methylation at ABCG1 might respond differently to dietary weight-loss interventions with long-term changes in adiposity and body fat distribution. Res…
View article: DNA Methylation at<i>ABCG1</i>and Long-term Changes in Adiposity and Fat Distribution in Response to Dietary Interventions: The POUNDS Lost Trial
DNA Methylation at<i>ABCG1</i>and Long-term Changes in Adiposity and Fat Distribution in Response to Dietary Interventions: The POUNDS Lost Trial Open
OBJECTIVE To examine whether participants with different levels of diabetes-related DNA methylation at ABCG1 might respond differently to dietary weight loss interventions with long-term changes in adiposity and body fat distribution. RESE…