Sultan Mehmood
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View article: Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Zaleya pentandra and investigation of their biological activities
Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Zaleya pentandra and investigation of their biological activities Open
This study reports a sustainable and eco-friendly approach for the green synthesis and optimization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing the Zaleya pentandra stem extract (ZSE). Critical reaction parameters including temperature (25 °…
View article: <b>An Investigation into the Impact of Entrepreneurship, Human Capital, and Physical Capital on Poverty Reduction in Pakistan</b>
<b>An Investigation into the Impact of Entrepreneurship, Human Capital, and Physical Capital on Poverty Reduction in Pakistan</b> Open
This study investigates the relationship between human capital, physical capital, and poverty in Pakistan for the period 1987–2018. Human capital is captured through indicators of education and health, whereas physical capital is represent…
View article: Transmitting Rights: Effective Cooperation, Inter-gender Contact, and Student Achievement
Transmitting Rights: Effective Cooperation, Inter-gender Contact, and Student Achievement Open
We provide experimental evidence of teacher-to-student transmission of gender attitudes in Pakistan. We randomly show teachers a pro-women’s rights visual narrative. Treated teachers increase their and students’ support for women’s rights,…
View article: Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Halocharis sulphurea (Moq.) Moq. extract and their antimicrobial, antioxidant and aphicidal activities
Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Halocharis sulphurea (Moq.) Moq. extract and their antimicrobial, antioxidant and aphicidal activities Open
Researchers are synthesizing metallic nanoparticles by using numerous synthesis methods. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by using plants (phytosynthesis) is an efficient, environmentally friendly, and cost effective alternative of che…
View article: Exploration and impacts of vehicular-borne potentially toxic elements (VB-PTEs) on Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.Aiton: A bioindicator approach
Exploration and impacts of vehicular-borne potentially toxic elements (VB-PTEs) on Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.Aiton: A bioindicator approach Open
View article: Management of Displaced Supracondylar Humerus Fracture in Children with Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Pinning
Management of Displaced Supracondylar Humerus Fracture in Children with Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Pinning Open
Background: One of the most frequent elbow injuries in kids that need surgery is a supracondylar humerus (SCH) fracture. For displaced SCH fractures, closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) is generally regarded as the best course…
View article: Teacher vaccinations enhance student achievement in Pakistan: The role of role models and theory of mind
Teacher vaccinations enhance student achievement in Pakistan: The role of role models and theory of mind Open
We provide experimental evidence that role models can galvanize prosocial actions amid global crises, exemplified by the COVID-19 pandemic. In a randomized control trial comparing role models, cash incentives, and celebrity endorsements, o…
View article: Addiction and Illegal Markets
Addiction and Illegal Markets Open
This paper studies dynamic contracts in illegal addictive markets where individuals' tastes for addictive goods develop through prolonged consumption and contract enforcement is limited. Our theoretical analysis uncovers the optimality of …
View article: Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Douepia tortuosa Camb., a crucifer endemic to Pakistan
Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Douepia tortuosa Camb., a crucifer endemic to Pakistan Open
Douepia tortuosa (D. tortuosa) has not been evaluated for its pharmacological significance prior to this.This study was aimed to identify bioactive compounds occurring in water (AQE), methanol (ME), ethyl acetate (EAE) and n-hexane (HE) ex…
View article: Judicial Capture
Judicial Capture Open
We use data from Pakistan to establish a reciprocal exchange relationship between the judiciary and the government. We document large transfers in the form of expensive real estate from the government to the judiciary, and reciprocation in…
View article: The Rule of Law Approach for More Resilient Institutions: Judicial Accountability and Independence, and Global Economic Activities
The Rule of Law Approach for More Resilient Institutions: Judicial Accountability and Independence, and Global Economic Activities Open
This policy paper explores the judiciary's pivotal role in development, covering property rights, government accountability, and contract enforcement. It underscores the importance of impartial judicial institutions, focusing on independen…
View article: Rule of Law Approach for More Resilient Global Supply Chains and Financial Architecture
Rule of Law Approach for More Resilient Global Supply Chains and Financial Architecture Open
Ensuring the stability of global supply chains and financial systems is fundamental for our economies and societies.• There is a conceptual difference between the "rule of law" and a "rule-based approach." • The rule of law is a foundation…
View article: Author Correction: Ramadan fasting increases leniency in judges from Pakistan and India
Author Correction: Ramadan fasting increases leniency in judges from Pakistan and India Open
View article: Ramadan fasting increases leniency in judges from Pakistan and India
Ramadan fasting increases leniency in judges from Pakistan and India Open
View article: Phytochemical analysis and phytotoxic evaluation of Chenopodium glaucum L.
Phytochemical analysis and phytotoxic evaluation of Chenopodium glaucum L. Open
Plant secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids with medicinal properties can be investigated as botanical herbicides. Therefore, we have investigated phytochemicals profile and phyt…
View article: Religious Rituals: Evidence from Ramadan
Religious Rituals: Evidence from Ramadan Open
National audience
View article: Training Effective Altruism
Training Effective Altruism Open
Randomizing different schools of thought –via a month-long training– finds that training deputy ministers in effective altruism renders 0.4-0.6 standard deviations increase in altruism. Treated ministers increased mentalizing of others: bl…
View article: The Impact of Presidential Appointment of Judges: Montesquieu or the Federalists?
The Impact of Presidential Appointment of Judges: Montesquieu or the Federalists? Open
A central question in development economics is whether there are adequate checks and balances on the executive. This paper provides causal evidence of how increasing constraints on the executive—via removal of presidential discretion in ju…
View article: Religious leaders and rule of law
Religious leaders and rule of law Open
View article: Assessment of Antidiabetic Potential and Phytochemical Profiling of Viscum album, a Traditional Antidiabetic Plant
Assessment of Antidiabetic Potential and Phytochemical Profiling of Viscum album, a Traditional Antidiabetic Plant Open
The traditional antidiabetic plant Viscum album (V. album) was collected from the oak plant in the wild at Maidan, Khyber District, of Pakistan, for assessment of its antidiabetic potential and phytochemical profile. Lowering of blood gluc…
View article: Mulching impact of Jatropha curcas L. leaves on soil fertility and yield of wheat under water stress
Mulching impact of Jatropha curcas L. leaves on soil fertility and yield of wheat under water stress Open
View article: Training Effective Altruism
Training Effective Altruism Open
View article: 10. Social Inequality and the Dynamics of Political and Ethnolinguistic Divides in Pakistan, 1970–2018
10. Social Inequality and the Dynamics of Political and Ethnolinguistic Divides in Pakistan, 1970–2018 Open
This study documents the changing structure of Pakistan's political cleavages by making use of a unique set of exit polls covering every direct election held in the country between 1970 and 2018. We analyze the evolution of the party syste…
View article: Characterization of Functional Genes GS3 and GW2 and their Effect on the Grain Size of Various Landraces of Rice
Characterization of Functional Genes GS3 and GW2 and their Effect on the Grain Size of Various Landraces of Rice Open
Grain size is an essential factor in grain quality and yield. In the existing agricultural lands in Pakistan and even all over the world, genetics in rice works better for yield potential and quality improvement. GS3 and GW2 with functiona…
View article: Antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of Chenopodium glaucum L.
Antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of Chenopodium glaucum L. Open
We evaluated phytochemical composition, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-oxidant and cytotoxic properties of aqueous (water) and organic extracts (methanol, ethyl acetate and n -hexane) of Chenopodium glaucum . Highest phenolic content 45 m…
View article: Evaluation of Jatropha curcas L. leaves mulching on wheat growth and biochemical attributes under water stress
Evaluation of Jatropha curcas L. leaves mulching on wheat growth and biochemical attributes under water stress Open
View article: The Impact of Presidential Appointment of Judges: Montesquieu or the Federalists?
The Impact of Presidential Appointment of Judges: Montesquieu or the Federalists? Open
View article: Impact of Capital Structure Decision on Firm Performance and Stock Return Pre during and Post Crisis: An Evidence from Developed and Developing Country
Impact of Capital Structure Decision on Firm Performance and Stock Return Pre during and Post Crisis: An Evidence from Developed and Developing Country Open
The aim of this investigation is to determine how the financial crisis in 2008 influenced Capital Structure (CS) and firm performance relationship in developed (United State of America) and developing (Pakistan) countries, further how the …
View article: Production of Organic Fertilizers from Rocket Seed (Eruca Sativa L.), Chicken Peat and Moringa Oleifera Leaves for Growing Linseed under Water Deficit Stress
Production of Organic Fertilizers from Rocket Seed (Eruca Sativa L.), Chicken Peat and Moringa Oleifera Leaves for Growing Linseed under Water Deficit Stress Open
Linseed is an important industrial crop cultivated for its edible seeds and fiber linen. Organic fertilizers have beneficial effects on soil properties and quality of crops. Therefore, we conducted two field experiments during 2018–2019 an…
View article: Training Effective Altruism: Experimental Evidence from Pakistan
Training Effective Altruism: Experimental Evidence from Pakistan Open
BackgroundThis is a pre-analysis plan specifying the analysis we plan to perform for the evaluation of a training workshop on empathy in Pakistan with deputy ministers on their actual policy outcomes in year 1 and year 2 post-workshop as t…