Susan Knowles
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View article: Nocardia cyriacigeorgica in a Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) from Arizona, USA
Nocardia cyriacigeorgica in a Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) from Arizona, USA Open
Nocardia spp. are opportunistic pathogens of humans, domestic animals, and wildlife that can cause high levels of morbidity and mortality. Here, we present a unique case of nocardial airsacculitis in a free-ranging mallard (Anas platyrhync…
View article: An Enigmatic Wild Passerine Mortality Event in the Eastern United States
An Enigmatic Wild Passerine Mortality Event in the Eastern United States Open
The ability to rapidly respond to wildlife health events is essential. However, such events are often unpredictable, especially with anthropogenic disturbances and climate-related environmental changes driving unforeseen threats. Many even…
View article: Sampling mass mortality events to enable diagnoses: A protocol using freshwater mussels
Sampling mass mortality events to enable diagnoses: A protocol using freshwater mussels Open
Many taxa around the globe are threatened by often unexplained mass mortality events (MMEs), which can decimate populations and compromise key ecosystem functions. One example of a highly threatened taxon facing frequent MMEs is freshwater…
View article: Arsenic Accumulation in Sonora Mud Turtles (Kinosternon sonoriense) in an Unusual Freshwater Food Web
Arsenic Accumulation in Sonora Mud Turtles (Kinosternon sonoriense) in an Unusual Freshwater Food Web Open
Montezuma Well is an unusual fishless, spring-fed, desert wetland in central Arizona. Water in the wetland is naturally enriched with > 100 µg/l dissolved geogenic arsenic (As) and supports a simple aquatic food web dominated by a small nu…
View article: Sampling mass mortality events to enable diagnoses: A protocol using freshwater mussels
Sampling mass mortality events to enable diagnoses: A protocol using freshwater mussels Open
1. Many taxa around the globe are threatened by often unexplained mass mortality events (MMEs), which can decimate populations and compromise key ecosystem functions. One example of a highly threatened taxon facing frequent MMEs is freshwa…
View article: Freshwater Mussel Viromes Increase Rapidly in Diversity and Abundance When Hosts Are Released from Captivity into the Wild
Freshwater Mussel Viromes Increase Rapidly in Diversity and Abundance When Hosts Are Released from Captivity into the Wild Open
Freshwater mussels (order: Unionida) are highly imperiled globally and are increasingly the focus of captive propagation efforts to protect and restore wild populations. The Upper Tennessee River Basin (UTRB) in Virginia is a freshwater bi…
View article: Hirsutonosema embarrassi n. gen. n. sp. (Phylum Microsporidia) in the Ovary of Mucket (Actinonaias ligamentina), Plain Pocketbook (Lampsilis cardium), and Fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea) (Unionidae) from the Embarrass River, Wisconsin, USA
Hirsutonosema embarrassi n. gen. n. sp. (Phylum Microsporidia) in the Ovary of Mucket (Actinonaias ligamentina), Plain Pocketbook (Lampsilis cardium), and Fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea) (Unionidae) from the Embarrass River, Wisconsin, USA Open
During an epidemiological survey following a mortality event of freshwater mussels in 2018 in the Embarrass River, Wisconsin, USA, we identified a novel microsporidian parasite in the ovaries of mucket (Actinonaias ligamentina), plain pock…
View article: Retrospective review of the pathology of American pikas
Retrospective review of the pathology of American pikas Open
American pikas ( Ochotona princeps) are small lagomorphs that live in mountainous talus areas of western North America. Studies on the histopathology of American pikas are limited. We summarize here the clinical histories, and gross and hi…
View article: Pulmonary artery involvement in Behçet's disease: A challenging case and comprehensive management approach
Pulmonary artery involvement in Behçet's disease: A challenging case and comprehensive management approach Open
View article: Paranannizziopsis spp. infections in wild snakes and a qPCR assay for detection of the fungus
Paranannizziopsis spp. infections in wild snakes and a qPCR assay for detection of the fungus Open
The emergence of ophidiomycosis (or snake fungal disease) in snakes has prompted increased awareness of the potential effects of fungal infections on wild reptile populations. Yet, aside from Ophidiomyces ophidiicola , little is known abou…
View article: <i>Paranannizziopsis</i>spp. associated with skin lesions in wild snakes in North America and development of a real-time PCR assay for rapid detection of the fungus in clinical samples
<i>Paranannizziopsis</i>spp. associated with skin lesions in wild snakes in North America and development of a real-time PCR assay for rapid detection of the fungus in clinical samples Open
The emergence of ophidiomycosis (or snake fungal disease) in snakes has prompted increased awareness of the potential effects of fungal infections on wild reptile populations. Yet, aside from Ophidiomyces ophidiicola , little is known abou…
View article: A Bacteriological Comparison of the Hemolymph from Healthy and Moribund Unionid Mussel Populations in the Upper Midwestern U.S.A. Prompts the Development of Diagnostic Assays to Detect Yokenella regensburgei
A Bacteriological Comparison of the Hemolymph from Healthy and Moribund Unionid Mussel Populations in the Upper Midwestern U.S.A. Prompts the Development of Diagnostic Assays to Detect Yokenella regensburgei Open
Recent bacteriological investigations of freshwater mussel mortality events in the southeastern United States have identified a variety of bacteria and differences in bacterial communities between sick and healthy mussels. In particular, Y…
View article: Further Bacteriological Analysis of Annual Pheasantshell (Actinonaias Pectorosa) Mussel Mortality Events in the Clinch River (Virginia/Tennessee), USA, Reveals a Consistent Association with Yokenella Regensburgei
Further Bacteriological Analysis of Annual Pheasantshell (Actinonaias Pectorosa) Mussel Mortality Events in the Clinch River (Virginia/Tennessee), USA, Reveals a Consistent Association with Yokenella Regensburgei Open
Pheasantshell (Actinonaias pectorosa) mussels in the Clinch River (Tennessee/Virginia, USA) have declined dramatically in recent years. The bacterium Yokenella regensburgei was first isolated with high prevalence from Pheasantshells during…
View article: Experimental Infection of Mexican Free-Tailed Bats ( <i>Tadarida brasiliensis</i> ) with SARS-CoV-2
Experimental Infection of Mexican Free-Tailed Bats ( <i>Tadarida brasiliensis</i> ) with SARS-CoV-2 Open
As the COVID-19 pandemic has continued for 3+ years, there has been increasing concern that the SARS-CoV-2 virus will enter wildlife populations and potentially create new reservoirs where the virus could adapt to a new host and create var…
View article: Mussel mass mortality in the Clinch River, USA: metabolomics detects affected pathways and biomarkers of stress
Mussel mass mortality in the Clinch River, USA: metabolomics detects affected pathways and biomarkers of stress Open
Biologists monitoring freshwater mussel (order Unionida) populations rely on behavioral, often subjective, signs to identify moribund (“sick”) or stressed mussels, such as gaping valves and slow response to probing, and they lack clinical …
View article: Freshwater Mussels Show Elevated Viral Richness and Intensity during a Mortality Event
Freshwater Mussels Show Elevated Viral Richness and Intensity during a Mortality Event Open
Freshwater mussels (Unionida) are among the world’s most imperiled taxa, but the relationship between freshwater mussel mortality events and infectious disease is largely unstudied. We surveyed viromes of a widespread and abundant species …
View article: Divergent Gene Expression Profiles in Alaskan Sea Otters: An Indicator of Chronic Domoic Acid Exposure?
Divergent Gene Expression Profiles in Alaskan Sea Otters: An Indicator of Chronic Domoic Acid Exposure? Open
An opportunistic investigation into ecosystem instability in Kachemak Bay (KBay), Alaska, has led us to investigate exposure to toxic algae in sea otters. We used gene expression to explore the physiological health of sea otters sampled in…
View article: Experimental infection of Mexican free-tailed bats (<i>Tadarida brasiliensis)</i> with SARS-CoV-2
Experimental infection of Mexican free-tailed bats (<i>Tadarida brasiliensis)</i> with SARS-CoV-2 Open
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus originated in wild bats from Asia, and as the resulting pandemic continues into its third year, concerns have been raised that the virus will expand its host range and …
View article: A Novel Gonadotropic Microsporidian Parasite (Microsporidium clinchi n. sp.) Infecting a Declining Population of Pheasantshell Mussels (Actinonaias pectorosa) (Unioinidae) from the Clinch River, USA
A Novel Gonadotropic Microsporidian Parasite (Microsporidium clinchi n. sp.) Infecting a Declining Population of Pheasantshell Mussels (Actinonaias pectorosa) (Unioinidae) from the Clinch River, USA Open
Freshwater mussels of the order Unionida are among the most endangered animal groups globally, but the causes of their population decline are often enigmatic, with little known about the role of disease. In 2018, we collected wild adult ph…
View article: Mussel Mass Mortality and the Microbiome: Evidence for Shifts in the Bacterial Microbiome of a Declining Freshwater Bivalve
Mussel Mass Mortality and the Microbiome: Evidence for Shifts in the Bacterial Microbiome of a Declining Freshwater Bivalve Open
Freshwater mussels (Unionida) are suffering mass mortality events worldwide, but the causes remain enigmatic. Here, we describe an analysis of bacterial loads, community structure, and inferred metabolic pathways in the hemolymph of pheasa…
View article: Investigation of Algal Toxins in a Multispecies Seabird Die-Off in the Bering and Chukchi Seas
Investigation of Algal Toxins in a Multispecies Seabird Die-Off in the Bering and Chukchi Seas Open
Between 2014 and 2017, widespread seabird mortality events were documented annually in the Bering and Chukchi seas, concurrent with dramatic reductions of sea ice, warmer than average ocean temperatures, and rapid shifts in marine ecosyste…
View article: Domoic acid and saxitoxin in seabirds in the United States between 2007 and 2018
Domoic acid and saxitoxin in seabirds in the United States between 2007 and 2018 Open
View article: Mass mortality in freshwater mussels (Actinonaias pectorosa) in the Clinch River, USA, linked to a novel densovirus
Mass mortality in freshwater mussels (Actinonaias pectorosa) in the Clinch River, USA, linked to a novel densovirus Open
Freshwater mussels (order Unionida) are among the world’s most biodiverse but imperiled taxa. Recent unionid mass mortality events around the world threaten ecosystem services such as water filtration, nutrient cycling, habitat stabilizati…
View article: Unusual mortality of Tufted puffins (Fratercula cirrhata) in the eastern Bering Sea
Unusual mortality of Tufted puffins (Fratercula cirrhata) in the eastern Bering Sea Open
Mass mortality events are increasing in frequency and magnitude, potentially linked with ongoing climate change. In October 2016 through January 2017, St. Paul Island, Bering Sea, Alaska, experienced a mortality event of alcids (family: Al…
View article: Utilizing a QSEN Based Clinical Orientation Checklist as a Standard for Orientation
Utilizing a QSEN Based Clinical Orientation Checklist as a Standard for Orientation Open
The goal of this project was to provide clinical adjunct faculty members with tools to be successful in their role.This article will focus on a tool developed by the QSEN Academic Clinical Taskforce to assist faculty with standardizing the…
View article: Natural infections with Pigeon Paramyxovirus-1: Pathologic changes in Eurasian collared-doves (Streptopelia decaocto) and rock pigeons (Columba livia) in the USA: Data
Natural infections with Pigeon Paramyxovirus-1: Pathologic changes in Eurasian collared-doves (Streptopelia decaocto) and rock pigeons (Columba livia) in the USA: Data Open
We reviewed pathological findings and to a lesser extent epidemiological data from 70 free-ranging columbiforms naturally infected with Pigeon paramyxovirus-1 (PPMV-1) from 25 different PPMV-1 mortality events in columbiforms in the USA. I…
View article: Natural Infections With Pigeon Paramyxovirus Serotype 1: Pathologic Changes in Eurasian Collared-Doves (<i>Streptopelia decaocto</i>) and Rock Pigeons (<i>Columba livia</i>) in the United States
Natural Infections With Pigeon Paramyxovirus Serotype 1: Pathologic Changes in Eurasian Collared-Doves (<i>Streptopelia decaocto</i>) and Rock Pigeons (<i>Columba livia</i>) in the United States Open
Pigeon paramyxovirus serotype 1 (PPMV-1) is a globally distributed, virulent member of the avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 serogroup that causes mortality in columbiformes and poultry. Following introduction into the United States in the mi…
View article: Snake fungal disease: an emerging threat to wild snakes
Snake fungal disease: an emerging threat to wild snakes Open
Since 2006, there has been a marked increase in the number of reports of severe and often fatal fungal skin infections in wild snakes in the eastern USA. The emerging condition, referred to as snake fungal disease (SFD), was initially docu…
View article: First Detection of Bat White-Nose Syndrome in Western North America
First Detection of Bat White-Nose Syndrome in Western North America Open
White-nose syndrome (WNS) represents one of the most consequential wildlife diseases of modern times. Since it was first documented in New York in 2006, the disease has killed millions of bats and threatens several formerly abundant specie…
View article: Table S2 from Snake fungal disease: an emerging threat to wild snakes
Table S2 from Snake fungal disease: an emerging threat to wild snakes Open
Fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) recovered from the skin of snakes. Each unique internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region DNA sequence variant (i.e., 100% identity) was assigned a numerical code and a presumptive taxon identificati…