Stuart MacDonald
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View article: Development and Validation of Response Time Inconsistency in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Study
Development and Validation of Response Time Inconsistency in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Study Open
Response time inconsistency (RTI), the trial-to-trial variability on a RT-based cognitive task, is an important behavioral indicator of cognitive health, cognitive aging, and an early indicator of cognitive pathology, and central nervous s…
View article: Prevalence and Correlates of Cognitive Impairment No Dementia (CIND) Status: The Midlife in the United States Study.
Prevalence and Correlates of Cognitive Impairment No Dementia (CIND) Status: The Midlife in the United States Study. Open
Cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) status – a multi-test profile and impairment classification – is a promising indicator of cognitive health, leveraging intraindividual variability in performance across multiple domains. CIND profile…
View article: Musical Mindset: Within‐Person Links among Social Wellbeing, Depressive Symptoms and Cognition for Persons with Alzheimer's Disease
Musical Mindset: Within‐Person Links among Social Wellbeing, Depressive Symptoms and Cognition for Persons with Alzheimer's Disease Open
Background Non‐pharmacological lifestyle modifications, including arts‐ and music‐based interventions, have known psychological and cognitive benefits for persons with Alzheimer's Disease and related dementias (ADRD). Although such interve…
View article: Sex similarities and differences in cognition: A longitudinal study of healthy control participants from the Parkinson Progression Markers Initiative
Sex similarities and differences in cognition: A longitudinal study of healthy control participants from the Parkinson Progression Markers Initiative Open
Background Despite sex-based differences in age-related diseases and life expectancy, limited research has explicitly examined sex differences in aging. Longitudinal study designs are particularly underutilized. The current study retrieved…
View article: Lightening the Load: The Relationship Between Gait and Cognition for Persons Living with Dementia Engaged in a Non-Pharmacological Intervention
Lightening the Load: The Relationship Between Gait and Cognition for Persons Living with Dementia Engaged in a Non-Pharmacological Intervention Open
Objectives: Relatively little research has explored whether gait and cognition are systematically associated within-persons across time, especially in persons living with dementia (PLwD). Understanding a shared mechanism between gait and c…
View article: Choir Mitigates Distress for Caregivers of Those With Dementia: The Voices in Motion Project
Choir Mitigates Distress for Caregivers of Those With Dementia: The Voices in Motion Project Open
Music-based interventions show promise for attenuating caregiver distress (CD) in informal dementia caregivers; however, research on comparable dyadic interventions is limited. This study aimed to provide a novel evaluation of whether a dy…
View article: Fall Risk for Older Adults is Impacted by the Frequency and Intensity of Physical Activity
Fall Risk for Older Adults is Impacted by the Frequency and Intensity of Physical Activity Open
Engaging in physical activity is known to prevent falls in older adults, however the relative influence of the intensity, duration and frequency of physical activity is unclear. This study investigated the relationship between fall history…
View article: EXPLORING CIND STABILITY ACROSS TIME: INSIGHTS FOR IMPROVING COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT CLASSIFICATIONS
EXPLORING CIND STABILITY ACROSS TIME: INSIGHTS FOR IMPROVING COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT CLASSIFICATIONS Open
Objective Cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) classifications are susceptible to false positives and may not be indicative of progressive cognitive decline or dementia risk. The current project sought to investigate the dynamic nature …
View article: INVESTIGATING WITHIN-PERSON MEDIATION OF GAIT-COGNITION ASSOCIATIONS IN A WALKING INTERVENTION FOR OLDER ADULTS
INVESTIGATING WITHIN-PERSON MEDIATION OF GAIT-COGNITION ASSOCIATIONS IN A WALKING INTERVENTION FOR OLDER ADULTS Open
Objective Between-person associations between gait and cognitive function are well-documented, with select interventions (e.g., exercise) known to benefit both physiological function and cognitive health. Comparatively few studies, however…
View article: COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE DIFFERENTIALLY MODERATES THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GAIT VELOCITY AND FALL RISK
COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE DIFFERENTIALLY MODERATES THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GAIT VELOCITY AND FALL RISK Open
Cognitive-walking dual-task paradigms are an effective tool for assessing fall risk. Surprisingly, the moderating influence of cognitive performance on the association between gait velocity (GV) and fall risk has not been explored. The pre…
View article: Longitudinal Patterns and Predictors of Cognitive Impairment Classification Stability
Longitudinal Patterns and Predictors of Cognitive Impairment Classification Stability Open
Objective Classifications such as Cognitive Impairment, No Dementia (CIND) are thought to represent the transitory, pre-clinical phase of dementia. However, increasing research demonstrates that CIND represents a nonlinear, unstable entity…
View article: Premorbid personality traits as predictors for incident predementia syndromes: a multistate model approach
Premorbid personality traits as predictors for incident predementia syndromes: a multistate model approach Open
Objective: Associations have been found between five-factor model (FFM) personality traits and risk of developing specific predementia syndromes such as subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The aims of th…
View article: The Impact of Brexit on International Cultural Relations in the European Union
The Impact of Brexit on International Cultural Relations in the European Union Open
The report describes the current status of international cultural relations between Germany and the UK, and assesses how that will be impacted both directly and indirectly by Brexit. This description of the current position will form, as f…
View article: Similarities and differences in cognition as a function of sex: A longitudinal study of healthy control participants from the Parkinson Progression Markers Initiative
Similarities and differences in cognition as a function of sex: A longitudinal study of healthy control participants from the Parkinson Progression Markers Initiative Open
Background As the global population of older adults continues to rise, there is an urgent need to understand the expected cognitive changes in healthy aging. Despite sex‐based differences in life expectancy and age‐related diseases such as…
View article: EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF CHORAL SINGING ON CHANGE IN PERCEIVED DISTRESS FOR CARE PARTNERS OF PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA
EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF CHORAL SINGING ON CHANGE IN PERCEIVED DISTRESS FOR CARE PARTNERS OF PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA Open
Family care partners (CP) of persons with dementia (PwD) report high levels of psychological distress that impact many facets of their lives. Arts-based interventions have shown promise for improving psychological health. Here, we describe…
View article: INVESTIGATING THE NEURAL CORRELATES OF SOCIAL AND INDIVIDUAL SINGING IN PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA
INVESTIGATING THE NEURAL CORRELATES OF SOCIAL AND INDIVIDUAL SINGING IN PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA Open
Music interventions for persons with Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementias (PwADRD) have documented psychological benefits; however, the neurological correlates underlying these advantages remain less certain. Using functional near inf…
View article: 48 Sex Differences and Longitudinal Changes in White Matter Microstructure in Healthy Older Adults
48 Sex Differences and Longitudinal Changes in White Matter Microstructure in Healthy Older Adults Open
Objective: As the global population of older adults increases, it is crucial to study the healthy aging brain. Despite representing approximately 50% of brain tissue, investigations of changes in white matter (WM) have been limited. Given …
View article: Brexit, Populism, Nationalism
Brexit, Populism, Nationalism Open
The Brexit process is today at a crucial stage. In the UK, it is polarising opinion and creating divisions across a number of fault lines in British society between generations, geographies of inequality, cosmopolitan liberals and more rur…
View article: DISSOCIATING RETEST EFFECTS FROM DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGE FOR PREDICTING COGNITIVE STATUS
DISSOCIATING RETEST EFFECTS FROM DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGE FOR PREDICTING COGNITIVE STATUS Open
In longitudinal designs, unadjusted retest effects can confound developmental change estimates. This study utilized a measurement burst design and three-level multilevel modeling to a) independently parameterize short-term retest and long-…
View article: Parameterizing Practice in a Longitudinal Measurement Burst Design to Dissociate Retest Effects From Developmental Change: Implications for Aging Neuroscience
Parameterizing Practice in a Longitudinal Measurement Burst Design to Dissociate Retest Effects From Developmental Change: Implications for Aging Neuroscience Open
Background : In longitudinal designs, the extraneous influence of retest effects can confound and obscure estimates of developmental change. The current study provides a novel approach to independently parameterize short-term retest effect…
View article: CVLT-II short form forced choice recognition in a clinical dementia sample: Cautions for performance validity assessment
CVLT-II short form forced choice recognition in a clinical dementia sample: Cautions for performance validity assessment Open
Performance validity tests are susceptible to false positives from genuine cognitive impairment (e.g., dementia); this has not been explored with the short form of the California Verbal Learning Test II (CVLT-II-SF). In a memory clinic sam…
View article: Functional near infrared spectroscopy activation during an executive function task differs between healthy older and younger adults
Functional near infrared spectroscopy activation during an executive function task differs between healthy older and younger adults Open
The findings suggest that OA recruit additional neural resources to achieve similar behavioural performance during low-level cognitive interference, but that compensation in OA may be insufficient to support behavioural performance at high…
View article: Voices in Motion: How Social Singing Can Facilitate Psychological Health for Persons With Dementia and Caregivers
Voices in Motion: How Social Singing Can Facilitate Psychological Health for Persons With Dementia and Caregivers Open
Dementia is a global public health priority that exerts significant impact on individuals, families, healthcare systems, and society. Worldwide, over 35 million individuals are estimated to have some subtype of dementia – a projection expe…
View article: Investigating the Cortical Correlates of Singing: Potential Neural Benefits of Choir for Persons With Dementia
Investigating the Cortical Correlates of Singing: Potential Neural Benefits of Choir for Persons With Dementia Open
Through leveraging the known advantages of musical engagement and socialization, choir interventions are known to facilitate psychological and cognitive benefits for persons with dementia (PwD). Surprisingly, no research has explored wheth…
View article: Music and Dementia: Exploring Protective Factors for Cognitive Function
Music and Dementia: Exploring Protective Factors for Cognitive Function Open
Ample research suggests that musical interventions have the potential to boost social connection, engender positive emotions, and potentially buffer against depression in people with dementia (PwD). Here, our focus concerns expanding the p…
View article: Modulators of Caregiver Distress and Corresponding Impacts on Persons With Dementia
Modulators of Caregiver Distress and Corresponding Impacts on Persons With Dementia Open
Extensive literature documents the detrimental effects of caregiver distress (CD) for caregivers. Less is known about the impact that CD exerts upon their care recipients, particularly persons with dementia (PwD). Using multilevel modeling…
View article: The Emergence and Benefits of Social Relationships in Two Community-Based Dementia Choirs
The Emergence and Benefits of Social Relationships in Two Community-Based Dementia Choirs Open
Community choir participation for persons with dementia (PwD) confers benefits to health and well-being, including the benefit of socializing which can reduce feelings of loneliness and social isolation. Using the concept of social capital…
View article: Finding Factors in Footfalls: Exploring the Factor Structure of Gait in Older Adults.
Finding Factors in Footfalls: Exploring the Factor Structure of Gait in Older Adults. Open
Gait is a reputed marker of global health spanning various bodily systems (MacDonald et al., 2017) and is a robust predictor of deleterious age-related outcomes (Van Kan et al., 2009). However, the sheer number of individual gait variables…
View article: Cognitive Status & Dementia Severity in CVLT-II-SF Forced Choice Recognition: Implications for Effort Assessment
Cognitive Status & Dementia Severity in CVLT-II-SF Forced Choice Recognition: Implications for Effort Assessment Open
Effort testing is critical to neuropsychological practice, including dementia assessment. Questions exist around whether cognitive status or impairment severity impacts effort test performance in this population. Presently, we examined whe…