Explanipedia

Trends in Time Spent Viremic Among Persons Newly Diagnosed With HIV in San Francisco Open

Alison J. Hughes, Vani Nimbal, Ling Hsu, Sandra Schwarcz, Susan Scheer · 2023

Objective: To examine trends in time spent viremic and initiation into antiretroviral treatment (ART) among persons newly diagnosed with HIV in San Francisco. Methods: Using HIV surveillance data, we included persons diagnosed with HIV dur…

San Francisco’s Citywide COVID-19 Response: Strategies to Reduce COVID-19 Severity and Health Disparities, March 2020 Through May 2022 Open

Darpun Sachdev, Maya Petersen, Diane V. Havlir, Joshua Schwab, Wayne Enanoria , et al. · 2023

San Francisco implemented one of the most intensive, comprehensive, multipronged COVID-19 pandemic responses in the United States using 4 core strategies: (1) aggressive mitigation measures to protect populations at risk for severe disease…

Use of HIV Recency Assays for HIV Incidence Estimation and Other Surveillance Use Cases: Systematic Review Open

Shelley N. Facente, Eduard Grebe, Andrew Maher, Douglas Fox, Susan Scheer , et al. · 2022

Background HIV assays designed to detect recent infection, also known as “recency assays,” are often used to estimate HIV incidence in a specific country, region, or subpopulation, alone or as part of recent infection testing algorithms (R…

A global cautionary tale: discrimination and violence against trans women worsen despite investments in public resources and improvements in health insurance access and utilization of health care Open

Sean Arayasirikul, Caitlin Turner, Dillon Trujillo, Sofia Sicro, Susan Scheer , et al. · 2022

Background To determine if improvements in social determinants of health for trans women and decreases in transphobic discrimination and violence occurred over three study periods during which extensive local programs were implemented to s…

Use of HIV Recency Assays for HIV Incidence Estimation and Other Surveillance Use Cases: Systematic Review (Preprint) Open

Shelley N. Facente, Eduard Grebe, Andrew Maher, Douglas Fox, Susan Scheer , et al. · 2021

BACKGROUND HIV assays designed to detect recent infection, also known as “recency assays,” are often used to estimate HIV incidence in a specific country, region, or subpopulation, alone or as part of recent infection testing algorithms (…

The HIV Treat Pillar: An Update and Summary of Promising Approaches Open

Nanette Benbow, Eve Mokotoff, Julia C. Dombrowski, Amy Rock Wohl, Susan Scheer · 2021

The Treat pillar of the Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S. plan calls for comprehensive strategies to enhance linkage to, and engagement in, HIV medical care to improve viral suppression among people with HIV and achieve the goal of 95% v…

Improved PrEP Awareness and Use among Trans Women in San Francisco, California Open

Erin C. Wilson, Christopher J. Hernandez, Susan Scheer, Dillon Trujillo, Sean Arayasirikul , et al. · 2021

Transgender women face a serious risk of HIV infection. Despite this, there is limited knowledge and use of Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We measured the continuity of prevention across services in the PrEP cascade and correlates of PrE…

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: the race to trace: contact tracing scale-up in San Francisco—early lessons learned Open

Michael Reid, Wayne Enanoria, Juliet Stoltey, Susan Philip, Jonathan Fuchs , et al. · 2021

Integrating Phylogenetic Biomarker Data and Qualitative Approaches: An Example of HIV Transmission Clusters as a Sampling Frame for Semistructured Interviews and Implications for the COVID-19 Era Open

Shana D. Hughes, William J. Woods, Kara J. O’Keefe, Viva Delgado, Sharon Pipkin , et al. · 2021

Mixed methods studies of human disease that combine surveillance, biomarker, and qualitative data can help elucidate what drives epidemiological trends. Viral genetic data are rarely coupled with other types of data due to legal and ethica…

Disparities in Integrase Inhibitor Usage in the Modern HIV Treatment Era: A Population-Based Study in a US City Open

Matthew A. Spinelli, Nancy A. Hessol, Sandra Schwarcz, Susan Scheer, Monica Gandhi , et al. · 2021

Integrase inhibitor–based (INSTI) antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens are preferred for most people with HIV (PWH). We examined factors associated with INSTI use among PWH in San Francisco who started ART in 2009–2016. PWH who experience…

Non-B variants of HIV-1 in San Francisco, California Open

Kara J. O’Keefe, Sharon Pipkin, Robin Fatch, Susan Scheer, Teri Liegler , et al. · 2020

Outcomes of Contact Tracing in San Francisco, California—Test and Trace During Shelter-in-Place Open

Darpun Sachdev, Hannah K. Brosnan, Michael Reid, Michelle L. Kirian, Stephanie E. Cohen , et al. · 2020

This case series evaluates case investigation and contact tracing outcomes in San Francisco, California, during shelter-in-place restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

COVID-19 Susceptibility and Outcomes Among People Living With HIV in San Francisco Open

Darpun Sachdev, Elise Mara, Ling Hsu, Susan Scheer, George W. Rutherford , et al. · 2020

Introduction: Studies to examine whether HIV predisposes to a higher incidence of COVID-19 or more severe disease are accumulating. Initial studies from New York City suggested more severe disease among people living with HIV (PLWH), but t…

“Is a Bird in the Hand Worth 5 in the Bush?”: A Comparison of 3 Data-to-Care Referral Strategies on HIV Care Continuum Outcomes in San Francisco Open

Darpun Sachdev, Elise Mara, Alison J. Hughes, Erin Antunez, Robert Kohn , et al. · 2020

Background Health departments utilize HIV surveillance data to identify people with HIV (PWH) who need re-linkage to HIV care as part of an approach known as Data to Care (D2C.) The most accurate, effective, and efficient method of identif…

Disparities in the PrEP continuum for trans women compared to MSM in San Francisco, California: results from population‐based cross‐sectional behavioural surveillance studies Open

Erin C. Wilson, Caitlin Turner, Sean Arayasirikul, Marguerita Lightfoot, Susan Scheer , et al. · 2020

Introduction Although transgender women (trans women) often are conflated with men who have sex with men (MSM) in HIV research and services, there are distinct population differences that are important for implementing effective HIV preven…

Decreased Time From Human Immunodeficiency Virus Diagnosis to Care, Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation, and Virologic Suppression during the Citywide RAPID Initiative in San Francisco Open

Oliver Bacon, Jennie Chin, Stephanie E. Cohen, Nancy A. Hessol, Darpun Sachdev , et al. · 2020

Background Early virologic suppression (VS) after human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection improves individual health outcomes and decreases onward transmission. In San Francisco, immediate antiretroviral therapy (ART) at HIV diagnosis…

Estimation of new HIV diagnosis rates among high‐risk, PrEP‐eligible individuals using HIV surveillance data at the Metropolitan Statistical Area level in the United States Open

Robertino M. Mera, Susan Scheer, Christoph C Carter, Moupali Das, Julius Asubonteng , et al. · 2019

Introduction New HIV diagnoses have fallen in the past decade due to increased HIV testing, earlier diagnosis, earlier antiretroviral treatment, improved linkage to care and engagement in care, and the recent increased uptake of pre‐exposu…

A longitudinal study assessing differences in causes of death among housed and homeless people diagnosed with HIV in San Francisco Open

Nancy A. Hessol, Monica Eng, Annie Vu, Sharon Pipkin, Ling Hsu , et al. · 2019

Background San Francisco has implemented several programs addressing the needs of two large vulnerable populations: people living with HIV and those who are homeless. Assessment of these programs on health outcomes is paramount for reducin…

A longitudinal study assessing differences in causes of death among housed and homeless people diagnosed with HIV in San Francisco Open

Nancy A. Hessol, Monica Eng, Annie Vu, Sharon Pipkin, Ling Hsu , et al. · 2019

Background: San Francisco has implemented several programs addressing the needs of two large vulnerable populations: people living with HIV and those who are homeless. Assessment of these programs on health outcomes is paramount for reduci…

A longitudinal study assessing differences in causes of death among housed and homeless people diagnosed with HIV in San Francisco Open

Nancy A. Hessol, Monica Eng, Annie Vu, Sharon Pipkin, Ling Hsu , et al. · 2019

Background: San Francisco has implemented several programs addressing the needs of two large vulnerable populations: people living with HIV and those who are homeless. Assessment of these programs on health outcomes is paramount for reduci…

Methods to include persons living with HIV not receiving HIV care in the Medical Monitoring Project Open

Stanley C. Wei, Lauren C. Messina, Julia E. Hood, Alison J. Hughes, Thomas Jaenicke , et al. · 2019

The Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) is an HIV surveillance system that provides national estimates of HIV-related behaviors and clinical outcomes. When first implemented, MMP excluded persons living with HIV not receiving HIV care. This a…

A longitudinal study assessing differences in causes of death among housed and homeless people diagnosed with HIV in San Francisco Open

Nancy A. Hessol, Monica Eng, Annie Vu, Sharon Pipkin, Ling Hsu , et al. · 2019

Background San Francisco (SF) has implemented several programs addressing the needs of two large vulnerable populations: people living with HIV and those who are homeless. Assessment of these programs on health outcomes is paramount for re…

How are transgender women acquiring HIV? Insights from phylogenetic transmission clusters in San Francisco Open

Hong‐Ha M. Truong, Kara J. O’Keefe, Sharon Pipkin, Teri Liegler, Susan Scheer , et al. · 2019

Transmission patterns of transgender women may stand apart from MSM epidemics. Transgender women clustered with people who inject drugs, and with men who have sex with transgender women and cisgender women. Aggregation of transgender women…

P205 HIV non-b subtypes in san francisco: migration but little local transmission Open

Kara J. O’Keefe, Sharon Pipkin, Robin Fatch, Susan Scheer, Teri Liegler , et al. · 2019

Background Several HIV non-B subtypes and recombinants have been documented at low frequencies in the US. We characterized the viral diversity, epidemiology, and extent of local transmission and migration of non-B subtypes in San Francisco…

Homelessness at diagnosis is associated with death among people with HIV in a population-based study of a US city Open

Matthew A. Spinelli, Nancy A. Hessol, Sandy Schwarcz, Ling Hsu, Maree-Kay Parisi , et al. · 2019

People homeless at HIV diagnosis had 27-fold higher odds of death compared with those with housing; substance use and retention on antiretroviral therapy in the prior year are other important intervenable factors. New strategies to address…

Increased uptake of early initiation of antiretroviral therapy and baseline drug resistance testing in San Francisco between 2001 and 2015 Open

Hong‐Ha M. Truong, Sharon Pipkin, Robert M. Grant, Teri Liegler, Kara J. O’Keefe , et al. · 2019

Observed increases in eiART and bDRT uptake from 2010 to 2015 may reflect the adoption of treatment as prevention and a local public health policy statement in 2010 recommending treatment initiation at time of diagnosis irrespective of CD4…

RAPID antiretroviral therapy Open

Susa Coffey, Peter Bacchetti, Darpun Sachdev, Oliver Bacon, Diane Jones , et al. · 2018

In an urban clinic with high rates of mental illness, substance use and housing instability, immediate ART provided through a RAPID program resulted in viral suppression at last viral load measurement for more than 90% of patients over a m…

Acquisition of tenofovir-susceptible, emtricitabine-resistant HIV despite high adherence to daily pre-exposure prophylaxis: a case report Open

Stephanie E. Cohen, Darpun Sachdev, Sulggi A. Lee, Susan Scheer, Oliver Bacon , et al. · 2018

1298. Acquisition of TDF-Susceptible HIV Despite High Level Adherence to Daily TDF/FTC PrEP as Measured by Dried Blood Spot (DBS) and Segmental Hair Analysis: A Case Report Open

Stephanie E. Cohen, Darpun Sachdev, Sulggi A. Lee, Susan Scheer, Oliver Bacon , et al. · 2018

Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with emtricitabine/tenofovir (TFV) disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) is highly protective against HIV infection. We report the second case of acquisition of TDF-susceptible HIV despite high adherence …

Locating People Diagnosed With HIV for Public Health Action: Utility of HIV Case Surveillance and Other Data Sources Open

Mabel Padilla, Christine L. Mattson, Susan Scheer, Chi-Chi N. Udeagu, Susan E. Buskin , et al. · 2018

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) case surveillance and other health care databases are increasingly being used for public health action, which has the potential to optimize the health outcomes of people living with HIV (PLW…

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