Explanipedia

HIF‐1 Targeting Intervention Renders Protection From Alzheimer's‐Like Pathology in a Humanized Mice Model of HIV Infection Open

Sudipta Ray, Mohit Kumar, Divya T. Chemparathy, Pramod K. Dash, Susmita Sil · 2025

HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) affect 30%–50% of individuals living with HIV on combination antiretroviral therapy, with Alzheimer ’s‐like pathology as a potent comorbidity of HAND. Our previous studies have implicated hypo…

Stem-cell-derived extracellular vesicles in neurodegeneration and neuroaging: therapeutic potential and challenges Open

Mohit Kumar, Sudipta Ray, Susmita Sil · 2025

Neuroaging is a complex biological process in which the brain undergoes progressive functional decline marked by synaptic loss, neuroinflammation, and cognitive decline. At the molecular and cellular level, aging is driven by multiple inte…

Astrocytes and Astrocyte-Derived Extracellular Conduits in Opiate-Mediated Neurological Disorders Open

Sudipta Ray, Souvik Datta, Arnab Saha, Susmita Sil · 2025

Opioid-use disorder (OUD) poses a growing global health crisis, with chronic opioid exposure linked not only to addiction but also to enduring neurological impairments. While traditional research has focused primarily on neuronal alteratio…

Adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis and treatments of Parkinson’s disease Open

Xiaoqing Du, Sharmin Akter, Davina B. Oludipe, Susmita Sil, Chen Zhang , et al. · 2025

Neuroimmunity drives the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This disease affects both the central and peripheral nervous systems. The immune system is engaged through the progressive accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn), a dri…

Amyloid precursor protein and presenilin‐1 knock‐in immunodeficient mice exhibit intraneuronal Aβ pathology, microgliosis, and extensive neuronal loss Open

Pravin Yeapuri, Jatin Machhi, Emma G. Foster, Rana Kadry, Shaurav Bhattarai , et al. · 2025

INTRODUCTION Transgenic mice overexpressing familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) mutations (FAD) show non‐physiological traits, and their immunocompetent backgrounds limit their use in AD immunotherapy research. Preclinical models that reflec…

Role of extracellular vesicle–mediated neurodegeneration in substance use disorders Open

Mohit Kumar, Anindita Saha, Agasou Alfonso Rameau, Susmita Sil, Shilpa Buch · 2025

Astrocytes in Amyloid Generation and Alcohol Metabolism: Implications of Alcohol Use in Neurological Disorder(s) Open

Mohit Kumar, Natalie Swanson, Sudipta Ray, Shilpa Buch, Viswanathan Saraswathi , et al. · 2024

As per the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 10.5% of Americans aged 12 years and older are suffering from alcohol use disorder, with a wide range of neurological disorders. Alcohol-mediated neurological disorders can be linked to Al…

Neuropathogenic role of astrocyte‐derived extracellular vesicles in HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders Open

Divya T. Chemparathy, Sudipta Ray, Chase Ochs, Natasha Ferguson, Dinesh Y. Gawande , et al. · 2024

Our previous findings demonstrated that astrocytic HIF‐1α plays a major role in HIV‐1 Tat‐mediated amyloidosis which can lead to Alzheimer's‐like pathology‐a comorbidity of HIV‐Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND). These amyloids can…

Gene therapy for the heart: encapsulated viruses to the rescue Open

Uma Maheswari Deshetty, Susmita Sil, Shilpa Buch · 2024

This commentary provides an in-depth analysis and perspective on the pioneering research article titled ‘Extracellular Vesicle-Encapsulated Adeno-Associated Viruses for Therapeutic Gene Delivery to the Heart’. The original study explores t…

HIV-1 Tat-mediated microglial ferroptosis involves the miR-204–ACSL4 signaling axis Open

Muthukumar Kannan, Susmita Sil, Abiola Oladapo, Annadurai Thangaraj, Palsamy Periyasamy , et al. · 2023

Table of Contents Open

Kevin De Muynck, Bart Vanderborght, F. PONTI, Eva Gijbels, Sophie Van Welden , et al. · 2023

Inflammation-Associated Lung Tissue Remodeling and Fibrosis in Morphine-Dependent SIV-Infected Macaques Open

Divya T. Chemparathy, Susmita Sil, Shannon Callen, Hitendra S. Chand, Mohan L. Sopori , et al. · 2023

Role of the gut-brain axis in HIV and drug abuse-mediated neuroinflammation Open

Sudipta Ray, Susmita Sil, Muthukumar Kannan, Palsamy Periyasamy, Shilpa Buch · 2023

Drug abuse and related disorders are a global public health crisis affecting millions, but to date, limited treatment options are available. Abused drugs include but are not limited to opioids, cocaine, nicotine, methamphetamine, and alcoh…

Involvement of lncRNA TUG1 in HIV-1 Tat-Induced Astrocyte Senescence Open

Prakash P. Pillai, Muthukumar Kannan, Susmita Sil, Seema Singh, Annadurai Thangaraj , et al. · 2023

HIV-1 infection in the era of combined antiretroviral therapy has been associated with premature aging. Among the various features of HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders, astrocyte senescence has been surmised as a potential cause co…

Role of Autophagy in HIV-1 and Drug Abuse-Mediated Neuroinflammaging Open

Susmita Sil, Annadurai Thangaraj, Abiola Oladapo, Guoku Hu, Naseer A. Kutchy , et al. · 2022

Chronic low-grade inflammation remains an essential feature of HIV-1 infection under combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) and contributes to the accelerated cognitive defects and aging in HIV-1 infected populations, indicating cART limit…

Mitochondrial Extracellular Vesicles in CNS Disorders: New Frontiers in Understanding the Neurological Disorders of the Brain Open

Mary F. Nakamya, Susmita Sil, Shilpa Buch, Ramin M. Hakami · 2022

Recent findings have highlighted potential diagnostic and prognostic values of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contain mitochondrial derived components for neurological disorders. Furthermore, functional influences of vesicles carrying m…

HIV-1 Tat induced microglial EVs leads to neuronal synaptodendritic injury: microglia-neuron cross-talk in NeuroHIV Open

Muthukumar Kannan, Seema Singh, Divya T. Chemparathy, Abiola Oladapo, Dinesh Y. Gawande , et al. · 2022

Aim: Activation of microglial NLRP3 inflammasome is an essential contributor to neuroinflammation underlying HIV-associated neurological disorders (HAND). Under pathological conditions, microglia-derived-EVs (MDEVs) can affect neuronal fun…

Meeting Abstracts of the first meeting of the American Society for Intercellular Communication 2021 Open

Gurudutt Pendyala, Ashley E. Russell, Shilpa Buch, Susmita Sil, Emeli Chatterjee , et al. · 2022

Extracellular Vesicles and Circulating Nucleic Acids is an open access journal, focusing on extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids including DNA, RNA, and miRNA and their therapeutic use.

A report on ASIC2021: a conference on extracellular vesicle communication mechanisms Open

Ashley E. Russell, Susmita Sil, Shilpa Buch, Michael W. Graner · 2022

Extracellular Vesicles and Circulating Nucleic Acids is an open access journal, focusing on extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids including DNA, RNA, and miRNA and their therapeutic use.

Advances in the Experimental Models of HIV-Associated Neurological Disorders Open

Susmita Sil, Palsamy Periyasamy, Annadurai Thangaraj, Fang Niu, Divya T. Chemparathy , et al. · 2021

Alzheimer’s-Like Pathology at the Crossroads of HIV-Associated Neurological Disorders Open

Divya T. Chemparthy, Muthukumar Kannan, Lila Gordon, Shilpa Buch, Susmita Sil · 2021

Despite the widespread success of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in suppressing viremia, the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurological disorders (HAND) and associated comorbidities such as Alzheimer’s…

Biogenesis, physiological functions and potential applications of extracellular vesicles in substance use disorders Open

Ernest T. Chivero, Raghubendra Singh Dagur, Eric S. Peeples, Susmita Sil, Ke Liao , et al. · 2021

HIV-1 and drug abuse comorbidity: Lessons learned from the animal models of NeuroHIV Open

Susmita Sil, Annadurai Thangaraj, Ernest T. Chivero, Fang Niu, Muthukumar Kannan , et al. · 2021

Astrocytes & Astrocyte derived Extracellular Vesicles in Morphine Induced Amyloidopathy: Implications for Cognitive Deficits in Opiate Abusers Open

Susmita Sil, Seema Singh, Divya T. Chemparathy, Ernest T. Chivero, Lila Gordon , et al. · 2021

While opiates like morphine play a major role in the pharmacotherapy for the control of pain associated with various diseases, paradoxically, their long-term use is associated with cognitive impairments. Furthermore, morphine administratio…

Alcohol in dementia: Implications of Alzheimer’s like pathology in alcohol abuse Open

Natalie Swanson, Divya T. Chemparathy, Shilpa Buch, Susmita Sil · 2021

Alcohol use is widespread, with 85.6 percent of people ages 18 and older reported drinking alcohol in their lifetime in 2019. Mild to heavy alcohol use is associated with multi-organ dysfunction at the cellular and genetic levels, as well …

Opioid-Mediated HIV-1 Immunopathogenesis Open

Shilpa Buch, Palsamy Periyasamy, Annadurai Thangaraj, Susmita Sil, Ernest T. Chivero , et al. · 2020

Role of Inflammasomes in HIV-1 and Drug Abuse Mediated Neuroinflammaging Open

Susmita Sil, Fang Niu, Ernest T. Chivero, Seema Singh, Palsamy Periyasamy , et al. · 2020

Despite the effectiveness of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in suppressing virus replication, chronic inflammation remains one of the cardinal features intersecting HIV-1, cART, drug abuse, and likely contributes to the accelerated…

Extracellular Vesicles in Viral Infections of the Nervous System Open

Naseer A. Kutchy, Eric S. Peeples, Susmita Sil, Ke Liao, Ernest T. Chivero , et al. · 2020

Almost all types of cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the extracellular space. EVs such as exosomes and microvesicles are membrane-bound vesicles ranging in size from 30 to 1000 nm in diameter. Under normal conditions, EVs me…

HIV-1 Tat-mediated astrocytic amyloidosis involves the HIF-1α/lncRNA BACE1-AS axis Open

Susmita Sil, Guoku Hu, Ke Liao, Fang Niu, Shannon Callen , et al. · 2020

Increased life expectancy of patients diagnosed with HIV in the current era of antiretroviral therapy is unfortunately accompanied with the prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs) and risk of comorbidities such as Alz…

HIV Tat-mediated induction of autophagy regulates the disruption of ZO-1 in brain endothelial cells Open

Ke Liao, Fang Niu, Guoku Hu, Ming‐Lei Guo, Susmita Sil , et al. · 2020

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a tight barrier that is critical for preventing the entry of pathogens and small molecules into the brain. HIV protein Tat (Tat) is known to disrupt the tight junctions of the BBB. Autophagy is an intracell…

Susmita Sil YOU? Author Swipe