Swayam Prakash
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View article: Insights into Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Reservoirs in Chronic Long COVID
Insights into Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Reservoirs in Chronic Long COVID Open
Long COVID (LC), also known as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 infection (PASC), is a heterogeneous and debilitating chronic disease that currently affects 10 to 20 million people in the U.S. and over 420 million people globally. With no a…
View article: Insights into Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Reservoirs In Chronic Long-COVID
Insights into Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Reservoirs In Chronic Long-COVID Open
Long-COVID (LC), also known as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 infection (PASC), is a heterogeneous and debilitating chronic disease that currently affects 10 to 20 million people in the U.S. and over 420 million people globally. With no a…
View article: The Path Towards Effective Long-Lasting Tissue-Targeted Prime/Pull/Keep Herpes Simplex Therapeutic Vaccines
The Path Towards Effective Long-Lasting Tissue-Targeted Prime/Pull/Keep Herpes Simplex Therapeutic Vaccines Open
The development of vaccines against many infectious diseases has been a great success of medical science over the last century. However, despite numerous efforts, effective vaccines for herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) …
View article: A Multi-Antigen Broad-Spectrum Coronavirus Vaccine Induces Potent and Durable Cross- Protection Against Infection and Disease Caused by Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Variants
A Multi-Antigen Broad-Spectrum Coronavirus Vaccine Induces Potent and Durable Cross- Protection Against Infection and Disease Caused by Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Variants Open
View article: Artificial intelligence and machine learning in the development of vaccines and immunotherapeutics—yesterday, today, and tomorrow
Artificial intelligence and machine learning in the development of vaccines and immunotherapeutics—yesterday, today, and tomorrow Open
The development of vaccines and immunotherapies against infectious diseases and cancers has been one of the significant achievements of medical science in the last century. Subunit vaccines offer key advantages over whole-inactivated or at…
View article: A pan-beta-coronavirus vaccine bearing conserved and asymptomatic B- and T-cell epitopes protects against highly pathogenic Delta and highly transmissible Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants
A pan-beta-coronavirus vaccine bearing conserved and asymptomatic B- and T-cell epitopes protects against highly pathogenic Delta and highly transmissible Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants Open
Over the last five years of the COVID-19 pandemic, the repetitive mutations and deletions in the SARS-CoV-2 genome, primarily targeting the Spike gene, resulted in the emergence of multiple viral variants and sub-variants. The non-updated …
View article: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in the Development of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in the Development of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow Open
In the past, the development of vaccines and immunotherapeutics relied heavily on trial-and-error experimentation and extensive in vivo testing, often requiring years of pre-clinical and clinical trials. Today, artificial intelligence (AI)…
View article: CXCL13/CXCR5 Chemokine Axis Promotes CXCR5<sup>+</sup>CD19<sup>+</sup>B-Cell and Follicular/Effector CXCR5<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>T-Cell Responses in the Lungs Associated with Protection from Severe and Fatal COVID-19 Following Infection with Pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant
CXCL13/CXCR5 Chemokine Axis Promotes CXCR5<sup>+</sup>CD19<sup>+</sup>B-Cell and Follicular/Effector CXCR5<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>T-Cell Responses in the Lungs Associated with Protection from Severe and Fatal COVID-19 Following Infection with Pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Open
Chemokines play an important role in shaping lung innate and adaptive immunity to pulmonary infections and diseases. However, the role of CXC ligand 13 (CXCL13), a chemokine homeostatically produced by various lung cell types, in the prote…
View article: A Pan-Beta-Coronavirus Vaccine Bearing Conserved and Asymptomatic B- and T-Cell Epitopes Protect Against Highly Pathogenic Delta and Highly Transmissible Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern
A Pan-Beta-Coronavirus Vaccine Bearing Conserved and Asymptomatic B- and T-Cell Epitopes Protect Against Highly Pathogenic Delta and Highly Transmissible Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Open
SARS CoV-2 continues to evolve into new viral variants due to mutation, primarily in the Spike protein. Existing Spike-based vaccines are less effective because these variants can be more transmissible and evade vaccine-induced immunity. B…
View article: A tissue-targeted prime/pull/keep therapeutic herpes simplex virus vaccine protects against recurrent ocular herpes infection and disease in HLA-A*0201 transgenic rabbits
A tissue-targeted prime/pull/keep therapeutic herpes simplex virus vaccine protects against recurrent ocular herpes infection and disease in HLA-A*0201 transgenic rabbits Open
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) continues to be one of the most prevalent viral infections globally, with approximately 3.72 billion individuals affected worldwide. A clinical herpes vaccine is still lacking. In the present study, a no…
View article: Dynamics of spike-specific neutralizing antibodies across five-year emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern reveal conserved epitopes that protect against severe COVID-19
Dynamics of spike-specific neutralizing antibodies across five-year emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern reveal conserved epitopes that protect against severe COVID-19 Open
Introduction Since early 2020, several SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) continue to emerge, evading waning antibody mediated immunity produced by the current Spike-alone based COVID-19 vaccines. This caused a prolonged and persistent …
View article: A Spike-Based mRNA Vaccine Encapsulated in Phospholipid 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-PhosphoEthanolamine Containing Lipid Nanoparticles Induced Potent B- and T-Cell Responses Associated with Protection Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19-like Symptoms in Hamsters
A Spike-Based mRNA Vaccine Encapsulated in Phospholipid 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-PhosphoEthanolamine Containing Lipid Nanoparticles Induced Potent B- and T-Cell Responses Associated with Protection Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19-like Symptoms in Hamsters Open
Background: Nucleoside-modified mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as a promising vaccine strategy, especially for COVID-19. While the LNPs protect mRNA from degradation and efficiently deliver the mRNA to antigen…
View article: Spike mRNA Vaccine Encapsulated in a Lipid Nanoparticle Composed of Phospholipid 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphoethanolamine Induced Potent B- and T-cell Responses Associated with Protection against COVID-19 in Hamsters
Spike mRNA Vaccine Encapsulated in a Lipid Nanoparticle Composed of Phospholipid 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphoethanolamine Induced Potent B- and T-cell Responses Associated with Protection against COVID-19 in Hamsters Open
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have recently emerged as one of the most advanced vehicle platforms for efficient in vivo delivery of nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine, particularly for COVID-19. LNPs comprise four different lipids: ionizable li…
View article: Dynamics of Spike-Specific Neutralizing Antibodies Across Five-Year Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Reveal Conserved Epitopes that Protect Against Severe COVID-19
Dynamics of Spike-Specific Neutralizing Antibodies Across Five-Year Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Reveal Conserved Epitopes that Protect Against Severe COVID-19 Open
Since early 2020, several SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) continue to emerge, evading waning antibody mediated immunity produced by the current Spike-alone based COVID-19 vaccines. This caused a prolonged and persistent COVID-19 pand…
View article: Genetic variability of histidine-rich protein 2 repeat sequences: Misleading factor in true determination of Plasmodium falciparum in different population
Genetic variability of histidine-rich protein 2 repeat sequences: Misleading factor in true determination of Plasmodium falciparum in different population Open
Higher incidence of Pfhrp2 sequence variation through genetic recombination among multiple strains during sexual reproduction is potentially correlated with high transmission activity. This sequence variation might alter RDT detection sens…
View article: Therapeutic prime/pull vaccination of HSV-2-infected guinea pigs with the ribonucleotide reductase 2 (RR2) protein and CXCL11 chemokine boosts antiviral local tissue-resident and effector memory CD4 <sup>+</sup> and CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cells and protects against recurrent genital herpes
Therapeutic prime/pull vaccination of HSV-2-infected guinea pigs with the ribonucleotide reductase 2 (RR2) protein and CXCL11 chemokine boosts antiviral local tissue-resident and effector memory CD4 <sup>+</sup> and CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cells and protects against recurrent genital herpes Open
Following acute herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection, the virus undergoes an asymptomatic latent infection of sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Chemical and physical stress cause intermittent virus reactivation from la…
View article: High frequencies of alpha common cold coronavirus/SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive functional CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells are associated with protection from symptomatic and fatal SARS-CoV-2 infections in unvaccinated COVID-19 patients
High frequencies of alpha common cold coronavirus/SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive functional CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells are associated with protection from symptomatic and fatal SARS-CoV-2 infections in unvaccinated COVID-19 patients Open
Background Cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2-specific memory CD4 + and CD8 + T cells are present in up to 50% of unexposed, pre-pandemic, healthy individuals (UPPHIs). However, the characteristics of cross-reactive memory CD4 + and CD8 + T cells a…
View article: A Broad-Spectrum Multi-Antigen mRNA/LNP-Based Pan-Coronavirus Vaccine Induced Potent Cross-Protective Immunity Against Infection and Disease Caused by Highly Pathogenic and Heavily Spike-Mutated SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern in the Syrian Hamster Model
A Broad-Spectrum Multi-Antigen mRNA/LNP-Based Pan-Coronavirus Vaccine Induced Potent Cross-Protective Immunity Against Infection and Disease Caused by Highly Pathogenic and Heavily Spike-Mutated SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern in the Syrian Hamster Model Open
The first-generation Spike-alone-based COVID-19 vaccines have successfully contributed to reducing the risk of hospitalization, serious illness, and death caused by SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, waning immunity induced by these vaccines …
View article: Cross-protection induced by highly conserved human B, CD4+, and CD8+ T-cell epitopes-based vaccine against severe infection, disease, and death caused by multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern
Cross-protection induced by highly conserved human B, CD4+, and CD8+ T-cell epitopes-based vaccine against severe infection, disease, and death caused by multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern Open
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created one of the largest global health crises in almost a century. Although the current rate of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections has d…
View article: Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Effect of RAGE-Ig Protein against Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Demonstrated in K18-hACE2 Mouse and Syrian Golden Hamster Models
Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Effect of RAGE-Ig Protein against Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Demonstrated in K18-hACE2 Mouse and Syrian Golden Hamster Models Open
SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) continue to evolve and reemerge with chronic inflammatory long COVID sequelae, necessitating the development of anti-inflammatory therapeutic molecules. Therapeutic effects of the receptor for advanced…
View article: A multi-epitope/CXCL11 prime/pull coronavirus mucosal vaccine boosts the frequency and the function of lung-resident memory CD4 <sup>+</sup> and CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cells and enhanced protection against COVID-19-like symptoms and death caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection
A multi-epitope/CXCL11 prime/pull coronavirus mucosal vaccine boosts the frequency and the function of lung-resident memory CD4 <sup>+</sup> and CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cells and enhanced protection against COVID-19-like symptoms and death caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection Open
The pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created the largest global health crisis in almost a century. Low frequencies of functional SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in the lungs of COVID-19 patients have been…
View article: Therapeutic Prime/Pull Vaccination of HSV-2 Infected Guinea Pigs with the Ribonucleotide Reductase 2 (RR2) Protein and CXCL11 Chemokine Boosts Antiviral Local Tissue-Resident and Effector Memory CD4<sup>+</sup>and CD8<sup>+</sup>T Cells and Protects Against Recurrent Genital Herpes
Therapeutic Prime/Pull Vaccination of HSV-2 Infected Guinea Pigs with the Ribonucleotide Reductase 2 (RR2) Protein and CXCL11 Chemokine Boosts Antiviral Local Tissue-Resident and Effector Memory CD4<sup>+</sup>and CD8<sup>+</sup>T Cells and Protects Against Recurrent Genital Herpes Open
Following acute herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection, the virus undergoes latency in sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Intermittent virus reactivation from latency and shedding in the vaginal mucosa (VM) causes rec…
View article: Anti-Viral and Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Effect of RAGE-Ig Protein Against Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Demonstrated in K18-hACE2 Mouse and Syrian Golden Hamster Models
Anti-Viral and Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Effect of RAGE-Ig Protein Against Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Demonstrated in K18-hACE2 Mouse and Syrian Golden Hamster Models Open
Significance SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern (VOCs) continue to evolve and re-emerge with chronic inflammatory long-COVID sequelae necessitating the development of anti-inflammatory therapeutic molecules. Therapeutic effects of the Receptor…
View article: A Multi-Epitope/CXCL11 Prime/Pull Coronavirus Mucosal Vaccine Boosts the Frequency and the Function of Lung-Resident CD4<sup>+</sup>and CD8<sup>+</sup>Memory T Cells and Protects Against COVID-19-like Symptoms and Death Caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection
A Multi-Epitope/CXCL11 Prime/Pull Coronavirus Mucosal Vaccine Boosts the Frequency and the Function of Lung-Resident CD4<sup>+</sup>and CD8<sup>+</sup>Memory T Cells and Protects Against COVID-19-like Symptoms and Death Caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection Open
The pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created the largest global health crisis in almost a century. Following exposure to SARS-CoV-2, the virus particles replicate in the lungs, induce a “cytokine storm” and potential…
View article: High Frequencies of Antiviral Effector Memory T<sub>EM</sub>Cells and Memory B Cells Mobilized into Herpes Infected Vaginal Mucosa Associated With Protection Against Genital Herpes
High Frequencies of Antiviral Effector Memory T<sub>EM</sub>Cells and Memory B Cells Mobilized into Herpes Infected Vaginal Mucosa Associated With Protection Against Genital Herpes Open
Vaginal mucosa-resident anti-viral effector memory B- and T cells appeared to play a crucial role in protection against genital herpes. However, how to mobilize such protective immune cells into the vaginal tissue close to infected epithel…
View article: Cross-Protection Induced by Highly Conserved Human B, CD4<sup>+,</sup>and CD8<sup>+</sup>T Cell Epitopes-Based Coronavirus Vaccine Against Severe Infection, Disease, and Death Caused by Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern
Cross-Protection Induced by Highly Conserved Human B, CD4<sup>+,</sup>and CD8<sup>+</sup>T Cell Epitopes-Based Coronavirus Vaccine Against Severe Infection, Disease, and Death Caused by Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Open
Background The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created one of the largest global health crises in almost a century. Although the current rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections has decreased significantly; the long-term outlook of C…
View article: Mucosal CCL28 Chemokine Improves Protection against Genital Herpes through Mobilization of Antiviral Effector Memory CCR10+CD44+ CD62L−CD8+ T Cells and Memory CCR10+B220+CD27+ B Cells into the Infected Vaginal Mucosa
Mucosal CCL28 Chemokine Improves Protection against Genital Herpes through Mobilization of Antiviral Effector Memory CCR10+CD44+ CD62L−CD8+ T Cells and Memory CCR10+B220+CD27+ B Cells into the Infected Vaginal Mucosa Open
Four major mucosal-associated chemokines, CCL25, CCL28, CXCL14, and CXCL17, play an important role in protecting mucosal surfaces from infectious pathogens. However, their role in protection against genital herpes remains to be fully explo…
View article: Anti LGI-1 positive encephalitis in an octogenarian: a curious case of recurrent hyponatremia in elderly- a case report
Anti LGI-1 positive encephalitis in an octogenarian: a curious case of recurrent hyponatremia in elderly- a case report Open
LGI-1 is mainly expressed in the limbic areas involving temporal cortices and hippocampus. Anti -LGI-1 encephalitis is an autoimmune encephalitis which manifests with cognitive impairment, seizures which are mostly faciobrachial dystonic t…
View article: Association of Human Leucocyte Antigen Polymorphism with Coronavirus Disease 19 in Renal Transplant Recipients
Association of Human Leucocyte Antigen Polymorphism with Coronavirus Disease 19 in Renal Transplant Recipients Open
Human leucocyte antigens (HLAs) are highly polymorphic glycoproteins expressed at the surface of all nucleated cells. It is required for the SARS-CoV-2 peptide antigen presentation to immune cells for their effector response. However, poly…
View article: High Frequencies of Phenotypically and Functionally Senescent and Exhausted CD56<sup>+</sup>CD57<sup>+</sup>PD-1<sup>+</sup> Natural Killer Cells, SARS-CoV-2-Specific Memory CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells Associated with Severe Disease in Unvaccinated COVID-19 Patients
High Frequencies of Phenotypically and Functionally Senescent and Exhausted CD56<sup>+</sup>CD57<sup>+</sup>PD-1<sup>+</sup> Natural Killer Cells, SARS-CoV-2-Specific Memory CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells Associated with Severe Disease in Unvaccinated COVID-19 Patients Open
Unvaccinated COVID-19 patients display a large spectrum of symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic to severe symptoms, the latter even causing death. Distinct Natural killer (NK) and CD4 + and CD8 + T cells immune responses are generated in CO…