Explanipedia

AstroMLab 5: Structured Summaries and Concept Extraction for 400,000 Astrophysics Papers Open

Yuan-Sen Ting, Rui Pan, T. de Haan · 2025

We present a dataset of 408,590 astrophysics papers from arXiv (astro-ph), spanning 1992 through July 2025. Each paper has been processed through a multi-stage pipeline to produce: (1) structured summaries organized into six semantic secti…

LiteBIRD science goals and forecasts: improved full-sky reconstruction of the gravitational lensing potential through the combination of Planck and LiteBIRD data Open

M. Ruiz-Granda, P. Diego-Palazuelos, C. Gimeno-Amo, P. Vielva, A.I. Lonappan , et al. · 2025

Cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons are deflected by large-scale structure through gravitational lensing. This secondary effect introduces higher-order correlations in CMB anisotropies, which are used to reconstruct lensing deflectio…

SPT-3G D1: CMB temperature and polarization power spectra and cosmology from 2019 and 2020 observations of the SPT-3G Main field Open

E. Camphuis, Wei Quan, L. Balkenhol, A. R. Khalife, Fan Ge , et al. · 2025

We present measurements of the temperature and E-mode polarization angular power spectra of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) from observations of 4% of the sky with SPT-3G, the current camera on the South Pole Telescope (SPT). The map…

Millimeter-wave observations of Euclid Deep Field South using the South Pole Telescope: A data release of temperature maps and catalogs Open

M. Archipley, A Hryciuk, L. E. Bleem, K. Kornoelje, Matthias Klein , et al. · 2025

Context. The South Pole Telescope third-generation camera (SPT-3G) has observed over 10,000 square degrees of sky at 95, 150, and 220 GHz (3.3, 2.0, 1.4 mm, respectively) overlapping the ongoing 14,000 square-degree Euclid Wide Survey. The…

Constraints on Inflationary Gravitational Waves with Two Years of SPT-3G Data Open

J. A. Zebrowski, C. L. Reichardt, A.J Anderson, Behzad Ansarinejad, M. Archipley , et al. · 2025

We present a measurement of the $B$-mode polarization power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background anisotropies at 32 $\le$ $\ell$ $<$ 502 for three bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz using data from the SPT-3G receiver on the Sou…

Detection of Thermal Emission at Millimeter Wavelengths from Low-Earth Orbit Satellites Open

A. Foster, Arati Chokshi, A. J. Anderson, Behzad Ansarinejad, M. Archipley , et al. · 2025

The detection of satellite thermal emission at millimeter wavelengths is presented using data from the 3rd-Generation receiver on the South Pole Telescope (SPT-3G). This represents the first reported detection of thermal emission from arti…

Achieving GPT-4o level performance in astronomy with a specialized 8B-parameter large language model Open

T. de Haan, Yuan-Sen Ting, Tirthankar Ghosal, Tuan Dung Nguyen, Alberto Accomazzi , et al. · 2025

Cosmology from CMB lensing and delensed power spectra using 2019–2020 SPT-3G polarization data Open

Fei Ge, M. Millea, E. Camphuis, C. Daley, N. Huang , et al. · 2025

International audience

The SPT-Deep Cluster Catalog: Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Selected Clusters from Combined SPT-3G and SPTpol Measurements over 100 Square Degrees Open

K. Kornoelje, L. E. Bleem, E. S. Rykoff, T. M. C. Abbott, P. A. R. Ade , et al. · 2025

We present a catalog of 500 galaxy cluster candidates in the SPT-Deep field: a 100 deg$^2$ field that combines data from the SPT-3G and SPTpol surveys to reach noise levels of 3.0, 2.2, and 9.0 $\mu$K-arcmin at 95, 150, and 220 GHz, respec…

Development of SQUID Array Amplifiers for the LiteBIRD CMB Satellite Open

S. T. P. Boyd, T. de Haan · 2025

LiteBIRD is an upcoming JAXA-led mission that aims to measure primordial gravitational waves in the B-mode polarization of the cosmic microwave background. It is set to launch in 2032. The LiteBIRD detector array consists of around 5000 TE…

Pointing Accuracy Improvements for the South Pole Telescope with Machine Learning Open

P. M. Chichura, A. Rahlin, A. J. Anderson, Behzad Ansarinejad, M. Archipley , et al. · 2024

We present improvements to the pointing accuracy of the South Pole Telescope (SPT) using machine learning. The ability of the SPT to point accurately at the sky is limited by its structural imperfections, which are impacted by the extreme …

The Relational Dynamics of Space-Time Open

Kevork N. Abazajian, Graeme E. Addison, Peter Adshead, Zeeshan Ahmed, S. W. Allen , et al. · 2024

The Relational Dynamics of Space-Time is a groundbreaking theory that redefines space-time as an emergent and discrete structure, arising from fundamental interactions between elementary entities. Rooted in the principle that “nothing is e…

Multi-dimensional optimisation of the scanning strategy for the LiteBIRD space mission Open

Y. Takase, L. Vacher, H. Ishino, G. Patanchon, L. Montier , et al. · 2024

Large angular scale surveys in the absence of atmosphere are essential for measuring the primordial B-mode power spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Since this proposed measurement is about three to four orders of magnitude …

AstroMLab 3: Achieving GPT-4o Level Performance in Astronomy with a Specialized 8B-Parameter Large Language Model Open

T. de Haan, Yuan-Sen Ting, Tirthankar Ghosal, Tuan Dung Nguyen, Alberto Accomazzi , et al. · 2024

AstroSage-Llama-3.1-8B is a domain-specialized natural-language AI assistant tailored for research in astronomy, astrophysics, and cosmology. Trained on the complete collection of astronomy-related arXiv papers from 2007-2024 along with mi…

AstroMLab 3: Achieving GPT-4o Level Performance in Astronomy with a Specialized 8B-Parameter Large Language Model Open

T. de Haan, Yuan-Sen Ting, Tirthankar Ghosal, Tuan Dung Nguyen, Alberto Accomazzi , et al. · 2024

AstroSage-Llama-3.1-8B is a domain-specialized natural-language AI assistant tailored for research in astronomy, astrophysics, cosmology, and astronomical instrumentation. Trained on the complete collection of astronomy-related arXiv paper…

The LiteBIRD mission to explore cosmic inflation Open

T. Ghigna, Alexander Adler, Kosuke Aizawa, Hiroki Akamatsu, Ryosuke Akizawa , et al. · 2024

LiteBIRD, the next-generation cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment, aims for a launch in Japan's fiscal year 2032, marking a major advancement in the exploration of primordial cosmology and fundamental physics. Orbiting the Sun-Ear…

Flaring Stars in a Nontargeted Millimeter-wave Survey with SPT-3G Open

C. Tandoi, S. Guns, A. Foster, P. A. R. Ade, A. J. Anderson , et al. · 2024

We present a flare star catalog from 4 yr of nontargeted millimeter-wave survey data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT). The data were taken with the SPT-3G camera and cover a 1500 deg 2 region of the sky from 20 h 40 m 0 s to 3 h 20 m 0 …

LiteBIRD Science Goals and Forecasts. Mapping the Hot Gas in the Universe Open

M. Remazeilles, M. Douspis, J. A. Rubiño-Martín, A. J. Banday, Jens Chluba , et al. · 2024

We assess the capabilities of the LiteBIRD mission to map the hot gas distribution in the Universe through the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect. Our analysis relies on comprehensive simulations incorporating various sources of Galacti…

Systematic effects induced by half-wave plate differential optical load and TES nonlinearity for LiteBIRD Open

S. Micheli, T. de Haan, T. Ghigna, Alessandro Novelli, F. Piacentini , et al. · 2024

LiteBIRD, a forthcoming satellite mission, aims to measure the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) across the entire sky. The experiment will employ three telescopes, Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers and rotating H…

AstroMLab 1: Who Wins Astronomy Jeopardy!? Open

Yuan-Sen Ting, Tuan Dung Nguyen, Tirthankar Ghosal, Rui Pan, Hardik Arora , et al. · 2024

We present a comprehensive evaluation of proprietary and open-weights large language models using the first astronomy-specific benchmarking dataset. This dataset comprises 4,425 multiple-choice questions curated from the Annual Review of A…

Mass calibration of DES Year-3 clusters via SPT-3G CMB cluster lensing Open

Behzad Ansarinejad, S. Raghunathan, T. M. C. Abbott, P. A. R. Ade, M. Aguena , et al. · 2024

We measure the stacked lensing signal in the direction of galaxy clusters in the Dark Energy Survey Year 3 (DES Y3) redMaPPer sample, using cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature data from SPT-3G, the third-generation CMB camera on …

MNTES: Modeling Nonlinearity of TES detectors for Enhanced Cosmic Microwave Background measurements with LiteBIRD Open

T. de Haan, LiteBIRD Collaboration · 2024

Traditional methods of converting electronic readout counts to optical power incident on Transition Edge Sensors (TES) for Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) observations involve a linear approximation. For the upcoming LiteBIRD CMB satelli…

SPT-SZ MCMF: an extension of the SPT-SZ catalogue over the DES region Open

Matthias Klein, J. J. Mohr, S. Bocquet, M. Aguena, S. W. Allen , et al. · 2024

We present an extension to a Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Effect (SZE) selected cluster catalogue based on observations from the South Pole Telescope (SPT); this catalogue extends to lower signal to noise than the previous SPT–SZ catalogue and there…

Impact of beam far side-lobe knowledge in the presence of foregrounds for LiteBIRD Open

C. Leloup, G. Patanchon, Josquin Errard, C. Franceschet, Jon E. Gudmundsson , et al. · 2024

We present a study of the impact of a beam far side-lobe lack of knowledge on the measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background B -mode signal at large scale. Beam far side-lobes induce a mismatch in the transfer function of Galactic fore…

LiteBIRD science goals and forecasts: improving sensitivity to inflationary gravitational waves with multitracer delensing Open

Toshiya Namikawa, A.I. Lonappan, C. Baccigalupi, N. Bartolo, D. Beck , et al. · 2024

We estimate the efficiency of mitigating the lensing B -mode polarization, the so-called delensing, for the LiteBIRD experiment with multiple external data sets of lensing-mass tracers. The current best bound on the tensor-to-scalar ratio,…

Development of the Low Frequency Telescope focal plane detector arrays for LiteBIRD Open

T. Ghigna, Aritoki Suzuki, Benjamin Westbrook, Christopher Raum, Hiroki Akamatsu , et al. · 2024

LiteBIRD, a forthcoming JAXA mission, aims to accurately study the microwave sky within the 40-400 GHz frequency range divided into 15 distinct nominal bands. The primary objective is to constrain the CMB inflationary signal, specifically …

Understanding the Phase of Responsivity and Noise Sources in Frequency-Domain Multiplexed Readout of Transition Edge Sensor Bolometers Open

Nicole Farias, Tylor Adkins, T. de Haan, Adrian T. Lee, A.I. Lonappan , et al. · 2024

Cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments have deployed focal planes with $$\mathcal {O}(10^{4})$$ transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers cooled to sub-Kelvin temperatures by multiplexing the readout of many TES channels onto …

A Method of Measuring TES Complex ETF Response in Frequency-domain Multiplexed Readout by Single Sideband Power Modulation Open

Yu Zhou, T. de Haan, Hiroki Akamatsu, Daisuke Kaneko, M. Hazumi , et al. · 2024

The digital frequency domain multiplexing (DfMux) technique is widely used for astrophysical instruments with large detector arrays. Detailed detector characterization is required for instrument calibration and systematics control. We cond…

Calibration of detector time constant with a thermal source for the POLARBEAR-2A CMB polarization experiment Open

S. Takatori, M. Hasegawa, M. Hazumi, Daisuke Kaneko, N. Katayama , et al. · 2024

The Simons Array (SA) project is a ground-based Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization experiment. The SA observes the sky using three telescopes, and POLARBEAR-2A (PB-2A) is the receiver system on the first telescope. For the grou…

First Constraints on the Epoch of Reionization Using the non-Gaussianity\n of the Kinematic Sunyaev-Zel{'}dovich Effect from the South Pole Telescope\n and {\\it Herschel}-SPIRE Observations Open

S. Raghunathan, P. A. R. Ade, A. J. Anderson, B. Ansarinejad, M. Archipley , et al. · 2024

We report results from an analysis aimed at detecting the trispectrum of the\nkinematic Sunyaev-Zel{'}dovich (kSZ) effect by combining data from the South\nPole Telescope (SPT) and {\\it Herschel}-SPIRE experiments over a 100 ${\\rm\ndeg}^…

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