T. E. Graedel
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View article: Grand challenges in anticipating and responding to critical materials supply risks
Grand challenges in anticipating and responding to critical materials supply risks Open
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View article: Models for Decarbonization in the Chemical Industry
Models for Decarbonization in the Chemical Industry Open
Various technologies and strategies have been proposed to decarbonize the chemical industry. Assessing the decarbonization, environmental, and economic implications of these technologies and strategies is critical to identifying pathways t…
View article: Issue Information, Cover, and Table of Contents
Issue Information, Cover, and Table of Contents Open
Carbon-neutral pathways to 2050 for
View article: U.S. cobalt scenario analysis to mid-century: Import dependency or marketable commodity?
U.S. cobalt scenario analysis to mid-century: Import dependency or marketable commodity? Open
Cobalt is an element in high demand for products manufactured and used in the United States. However, a detailed estimation of future cobalt needs under different conditions for specific product groups is still lacking. In the present work…
View article: A Tribute to Paul Crutzen (1933–2021): The Pioneering Atmospheric Chemist Who Provided New Insight into the Concept of Climate Change
A Tribute to Paul Crutzen (1933–2021): The Pioneering Atmospheric Chemist Who Provided New Insight into the Concept of Climate Change Open
Paul Crutzen received his doctorate in meteorology from the University of Stockholm in 1968 and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1995. In addition to chemistry and atmospheric science, however, the breadth of his accomplishments…
View article: Alloy Profusion, Spice Metals, and Resource Loss by Design
Alloy Profusion, Spice Metals, and Resource Loss by Design Open
One of the most unfortunate attributes of technology’s routine and widespread use of most of the elements in the periodic table is the abysmal functional recycling rates that result from the complexity of modern technology and the rudiment…
View article: Resource Reuse and Recycling: Limitations and Potential Opportunities
Resource Reuse and Recycling: Limitations and Potential Opportunities Open
Materials today are often discarded after their first use. This is especially true of those materials in uses that are inherently dissipative, in complex assemblages where elements in low but vital concentrations are often lost in recyclin…
View article: Uncertain Future of American Lithium: A Perspective until 2050
Uncertain Future of American Lithium: A Perspective until 2050 Open
During the 20th century, the United States went from being the largest producer and user of lithium to being heavily reliant on imports from Asia, particularly lithium-ion batteries. To explore different futures for U.S. lithium, we here g…
View article: Data for: United States Plastics: Large Flows, Short Lifetimes, and Negligible Recycling
Data for: United States Plastics: Large Flows, Short Lifetimes, and Negligible Recycling Open
This data covers the material flows of 7 types of plastics from cradle to grave throughout the U.S. economy in 2015. The covered plastics are: low-density polyethylene (LDPE) / linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), high-density polyethy…
View article: The Hawaiian Islands: Conceptualizing an Industrial Ecology Holarchic System
The Hawaiian Islands: Conceptualizing an Industrial Ecology Holarchic System Open
The Hawaiian Islands form a holarchic system with at least five nested layers (holons) at increasing spatial scales: from a single enterprise to cities, to individual islands, to the archipelago (the group of islands), and to the global re…
View article: Yale stocks and flows database (YSTAFDB)
Yale stocks and flows database (YSTAFDB) Open
This Zenodo upload accompanies a Data Descriptor in Scientific Data, titled "YSTAFDB, a unified database of material stocks and flows for sustainability science". We refer to this database as the Yale stocks and flows database (YSTAFDB). H…
View article: Yale stocks and flows database (YSTAFDB)
Yale stocks and flows database (YSTAFDB) Open
This Zenodo upload accompanies a Data Descriptor in Scientific Data, titled "YSTAFDB, a unified database of material stocks and flows for sustainability science". We refer to this database as the Yale stocks and flows database (YSTAFDB). H…
View article: On the Spatial Dimension of the Circular Economy
On the Spatial Dimension of the Circular Economy Open
The concept of a “circular economy”, in which material in society is regarded as “a transient phase in anthropogenic resource utilization”, is a growing topic for discussion. The primary motivations for supporting a circular economy includ…
View article: Unified Materials Information System (UMIS): An Integrated Material Stocks and Flows Data Structure
Unified Materials Information System (UMIS): An Integrated Material Stocks and Flows Data Structure Open
Summary Modern society depends on the use of many diverse materials. Effectively managing these materials is becoming increasingly important and complex, from the analysis of supply chains, to quantifying their environmental impacts, to un…
View article: Implications of Emerging Vehicle Technologies on Rare Earth Supply and Demand in the United States
Implications of Emerging Vehicle Technologies on Rare Earth Supply and Demand in the United States Open
We explore the long-term demand and supply potentials of rare earth elements in alternative energy vehicles (AEVs) in the United States until 2050. Using a stock-flow model, we compare a baseline scenario with scenarios that incorporate an…
View article: Should we mine the deep seafloor?
Should we mine the deep seafloor? Open
As land‐based mineral resources become increasingly difficult and expensive to acquire, the potential for mining resources from the deep seafloor has become widely discussed and debated. Exploration leases are being granted, and technologi…
View article: Toward Financially Viable Phytoextraction and Production of Plant-Based Palladium Catalysts
Toward Financially Viable Phytoextraction and Production of Plant-Based Palladium Catalysts Open
Although a promising technique, phytoextraction has yet to see significant commercialization. Major limitations include metal uptake rates and subsequent processing costs. However, it has been shown that liquid-culture-grown Arabidopsis ca…
View article: Mapping supply chain risk by network analysis of product platforms
Mapping supply chain risk by network analysis of product platforms Open
Modern technology makes use of a variety of materials to allow for its proper functioning. Here, to explore in detail the relationships connecting materials to the products that require them, we map supply chains for five product platforms…