Explanipedia

Progress in pedestal and edge physics: Chapter 3 of the special issue: on the path to tokamak burning plasma operation Open

M.E. Fenstermacher, L. R. Baylor, E. de la Luna, M. Dunne, G.T.A. Huijsmans , et al. · 2025

This paper describes the extensive progress that has been made in the understanding of tokamak pedestal physics since the 2007 publication of ‘Progress in the ITER Physics Basis’ (Ikeda 2007 Nucl. Fusion 47 E01–S500). It serves as Chapter …

Actuator management for the first ITER plasma operation campaign Open

O. Kudláček, W. Treutterer, I. Gomez Ortiz, P. T. Lang, R. Nouailletas , et al. · 2025

Status of the Pellet Launching System for JT-60SA and its importance for EU-DEMO Open

B. Ploeckl, M. Cavinato, N. Hajnal, M. Kircher, P. T. Lang , et al. · 2025

Analysis of the periodic variation of pellet ablation radiation intensity in ASDEX Upgrade Open

P. T. Lang, G. D. Conway, O. Kardaun, M. Maraschek, B. Pégouriè , et al. · 2024

In a future fusion reactor, the main fuelling method will likely rely on the injection of solid hydrogen pellets. Current predictions assume that this goal can be achieved, since being based on a technology which is already largely develop…

Overview of advances in ASDEX Upgrade plasma control to support critical physics research for ITER and beyond Open

O. Kudláček, P. David, I. Gomez, A. Gräter, B. Sieglin , et al. · 2024

The successful operation of fusion reactors requires plasma scenarios with good core confinement and acceptable first wall heat loads that are stable and robust to external perturbations. This poses both physical and technological challeng…

Proposal of a control scheme for testing a centrifuge-based pellet injection system in DIPAK-PET Open

B. Ploeckl, P. T. Lang, T. Giegerich, E. Geulin, B. Pégouriè · 2023

The envisaged Pellet Engineering Testbed (PET) in the framework of Direct Internal Recycling Integrated Development Platform Karlsruhe (DIPAK) will provide unique opportunities to advance pellet injection technology and its implementation …

Admixed pellets for fast and efficient delivery of plasma enhancement gases: Investigations at AUG exploring the option for EU-DEMO Open

P. T. Lang, L. R. Baylor, C. Day, R. Dux, R. M. McDermott , et al. · 2023

Gas and pellet injection are envisaged for particle fuelling in EU-DEMO. The gas system will provide edge and divertor fuelling and any further gas species required for operation. Pellets, mm-sized bodies formed from solid hydrogen fuel, a…

Pellet-fueled I-mode plasmas in ASDEX Upgrade Open

D. Silvagni, P. T. Lang, T. Happel, A. Bock, R. Fischer , et al. · 2023

This letter reports on the efforts carried out at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak to integrate I-mode plasmas with pellet fueling and to increase the I-mode Greenwald fraction , two important requirements for any DEMO operational scenario…

Targeting a Versatile Actuator for EU-DEMO: Real Time Monitoring of Pellet Delivery to Facilitate Burn Control Open

P. T. Lang, M. van Berkel, W. Biel, T.O.S.J. Bosman, P. David , et al. · 2023

Core particle fueling, an essential task in the European demonstration fusion power plant EU-DEMO, relies on adequate pellet injection. However, pellets are fragile objects, and their delivery efficiency can hardly be assumed to be unity. …

A comparison of the influence of plasmoid-drift mechanisms on plasma fuelling by cryogenic pellets in ITER and Wendelstein 7-X Open

N. Panadero, F. Koechl, A.R. Polevoi, J. Baldzuhn, C. D. Beidler , et al. · 2023

Pellet injection is the most promising technique to achieve efficient plasma core fuelling, key for attaining stationary scenarios in large magnetic confinement fusion devices. In this paper, the injection of pellets with different volumes…

Dynamic pulse scheduling in ASDEX Upgrade: Disruption avoidance and investigation of the H-Mode density limit Open

B. Sieglin, M. Maraschek, A. Gude, F. Felici, F. Klossek , et al. · 2023

Testbed for the Pellet Launching System for JT-60SA Open

B. Ploeckl, P. T. Lang, C. Day, T. Giegerich, G. Phillips , et al. · 2022

As part of the European contribution to the large size superconducting tokamak project JT-60SA, a new Pellet Launching System (PLS) is designed and built. The aims of the PLS are to provide efficient fuelling to the plasma and to control a…

Concept for a multi-purpose EU-DEMO pellet launching system Open

P. T. Lang, T.O.S.J. Bosman, C. Day, T. Giegerich, M. Kircher , et al. · 2022

A methodology for discriminating phase and amplitude effects on synchronization in tokamak pacing experiments Open

T. Craciunescu, A. Murari, E. Peluso, P. T. Lang, G. Harrer , et al. · 2022

The control of macroscopic instabilities, such as Edge Localised Modes (ELMs) and sawteeth, is becoming an essential ingredient in the optimisation of scenarios in preparation for the next generation of tokamaks and the demonstrative react…

Argon doped pellets for fast and efficient radiative power removal in ASDEX Upgrade Open

A. Kallenbach, P. T. Lang, M. Bernert, R. Dux, T. Eberl , et al. · 2022

Argon doped deuterium pellets with about 1 per mille Ar atomic fraction have been injected into ASDEX Upgrade H-mode discharges and demonstrate fast and efficient power removal from the outer plasma region. Bolometer views directly on the …

The pre-concept design of the DEMO tritium, matter injection and vacuum systems Open

C. Day, K. Battes, B. Butler, S. Davies, Luca Farina , et al. · 2022

In the Pre-Concept Design Phase of EU-DEMO, the work package TFV (Tritium – Matter Injection – Vacuum) has developed a tritium self-sufficient three-loop fuel cycle architecture. Driven by the need to reduce the tritium inventory in the sy…

Impact of the plasma operation on the technical requirements in EU-DEMO Open

M. Siccinio, W. Biel, E. Fable, T. Franke, F. Janky , et al. · 2022

The plasma design point during stationary phase operation of EU-DEMO has been described extensively in the past, and the assumptions employed for its definition have been supported by various investigations. However, a stationary snapshot …

Plasma physics and control studies planned in JT-60SA for ITER and DEMO operations and risk mitigation Open

M. Yoshida, G. Giruzzi, N. Aiba, J.F. Artaud, J. Ayllon-Guerola , et al. · 2022

A large superconducting machine, JT-60SA has been constructed to provide major contributions to the ITER program and DEMO design. For the success of the ITER project and fusion reactor, understanding and development of plasma controllabili…

Actuator Development Step by Step: Pellet Particle Flux Control for Single- and Multiple-Source Systems Open

P. T. Lang, B. Ploeckl, R. Fischer, M. Griener, M. Kircher , et al. · 2021

Fuel injection by means of solid cryogenic pellets is expected to provide a sound and efficient tool. Hence, the installation of a pellet launching system will be a necessity. Yet, pellets are considered as a serviceable actuator for integ…

Matter Injection in EU-DEMO: The Preconceptual Design Open

B. Ploeckl, P. T. Lang, A. Frattolillo, Yu. Igitkhanov, B. Pégouriè , et al. · 2021

EU-DEMO will be the next step in Europe after ITER on the path toward a fusion power plant. The matter injection systems have to provide the requested material in order to establish, maintain, and terminate the burning plasma. Their main f…

Issues in Formation of Cryogenic Pellets for Fusion Applications Open

L. R. Baylor, S. J. Meitner, T. E. Gebhart, P. T. Lang, B. Ploeckl · 2021

Cryogenic pellets are used for injection into fusion plasmas to add fuel to build up density and replace the ions lost from fusion reactions and imperfect confinement in the plasma. These pellets are formed at cryogenic temperatures with p…

Die Kolmarer Liederhandschrift und ihr Umfeld Open

P. T. Lang, Judith Lange, Eva Rothenberger, Martin Schubert, Horst Leich , et al. · 2021

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Comparing spontaneous and pellet-triggered ELMs via non-linear extended MHD simulations Open

A. Cathey, M. Hoelzl, S. Futatani, P. T. Lang, K. Lackner , et al. · 2021

Injecting frozen deuterium pellets into an ELMy H-mode plasma is a well established scheme for triggering edge localized modes (ELMs) before they naturally occur. This paper presents non-linear simulations of spontaneous type-I ELMs and pe…

Targeting a Versatile Actuator for EU-DEMO: Novel Control Scheme for Multisource Pellet Injector Open

B. Ploeckl, P. T. Lang, M. Kircher, A. Bock, A. Gude , et al. · 2021

Reactor plasma core fueling requires the injection of cryogenic pellets, most probably composed of a mixture of D2 and T2. Likely, pellet injection will be the most important actuator for plasma core density control. Therefore, pellet inje…

Transition from no-ELM response to pellet ELM triggering during pedestal build-up—insights from extended MHD simulations Open

S. Futatani, A. Cathey, M. Hoelzl, P. T. Lang, G. T. A. Huijsmans , et al. · 2021

Pellet edge localized mode (ELM) triggering is a well-established scheme for decreasing the time between two successive ELM crashes below its natural value. Reliable ELM pacing has been demonstrated experimentally in several devices, incre…

Targeting a Versatile Actuator for EU-DEMO: Xenon Doping of Fueling Pellets Open

P. T. Lang, B. Ploeckl, M. Bernert, A. Bock, R. Dux , et al. · 2021

Xenon is a potential candidate as a pedestal and edge radiator in DEMO, but it is considered troublesome in cases where larger amounts have to be handled in the fuel cycle. Hence, direct and efficient codeposition inside the confined plasm…

Advanced ASDEX Upgrade pellet guiding system design Open

B. Ploeckl, H. Köhnlein, T. M. J. Engelhardt, A. Herrmann, P. T. Lang , et al. · 2020

Cryogenic pellet injection will be the prime candidate to fuel future fusion power plants. In order to harvest optimum fueling performance, it is essential to inject pellets from the magnetic high field side of the tokamak. The pellet laun…

Enhanced energy confinement after series of pellets in Wendelstein 7-X Open

J. Baldzuhn, H. Damm, C. D. Beidler, K. J. McCarthy, N. Panadero , et al. · 2020

A series of ice pellets was injected into the advanced stellarator Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X). Although the pellets were small and slow, deep and efficient particle fueling could be observed experimentally. The most striking feature appearing …

Optimizing the EU-DEMO pellet fuelling scheme Open

P. T. Lang, F. Cismondi, C. Day, E. Fable, A. Frattolillo , et al. · 2020

H-mode confinement in the pellet-enforced high-density regime of the all-metal-wall tokamak ASDEX Upgrade Open

P. T. Lang, C. Angioni, M. Bernert, A. Bock, T. M. J. Engelhardt , et al. · 2020

During recent years a pellet-based system for feedback controlled core density fuelling has been developed at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak, making the device well suited for the investigation of the reactor relevant high-density regime in an …

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