Abstract The prevalence of diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes, has reached epidemic proportions globally. The number of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is also increasing rapidly. Despite advancements in understanding the pathogenesis of diabetes, the lack of circulating pancreatic biomarkers and reliable clinical-grade assays remains a major gap in diabetes research, often hindering the ability to adequately assess disease progression and therapeutic responses. This mini-review discusses emerging pancreat…

Abstract Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing β cells in the pancreatic islet. This process is modulated by pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling, which have been previously shown to alter protein expression in ex vivo islets. Herein, we applied top-down proteomics to globally evaluate proteoforms from human islets treated with proinflammatory cytokines (interferon-γ and interleukin-1β). We measured 1636 unique proteoforms across 6 donors and two time points (contro…

ABSTRACT Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune‐mediated destruction of insulin‐producing β cells in the pancreatic islet. This process is modulated by pro‐inflammatory cytokine signaling, which has been previously shown to alter protein expression in ex vivo islets. Herein, we applied top‐down proteomics to globally evaluate proteoforms from human islets treated with proinflammatory cytokines (interferon‐γ and interleukin‐1β). We measured 1636 unique proteoforms across six donors and two time points (contr…

Abstract Background The enhanced precision and selectivity of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) makes it an attractive alternative to certain clinical immunoassays. Easily transferrable work flows could help facilitate harmonization and ensure high-quality patient care. We aimed to evaluate the interlaboratory comparability of antibody-free multiplexed insulin and C-peptide LC-MS/MS measurements. Methods The laboratories that comprise the Targeted Mass Spectrometry Assays for Diabetes and O…

Abstract Sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) convey somatosensory and metabolic cues to the central nervous system and release substances from stimulated terminal endings in peripheral organs. Sex‐biased variations driven by the sex chromosome complement (XX and XY) have been implicated in the sensory–islet crosstalk. However, the molecular underpinnings of these male–female differences are not known. Here, we aim to characterize the molecular repertoire and the secretome profile of the lower thoracic…