Toshinobu Machida
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View article: A top-down view of global and regional carbon budgets from an ensemble of atmospheric inversions
A top-down view of global and regional carbon budgets from an ensemble of atmospheric inversions Open
International audience
View article: Impact of post-monsoon crop residue burning on PM <sub>2.5</sub> over northern India: optimizing emissions using a high-density in situ surface observation network
Impact of post-monsoon crop residue burning on PM <sub>2.5</sub> over northern India: optimizing emissions using a high-density in situ surface observation network Open
The impact of post-monsoon crop residue burning (CRB) on surface PM2.5 concentrations over the Punjab–Haryana–Delhi (PHD) region in northern India was investigated using a regional meteorology–chemistry model, NHM(WRF)-Chem, and a high-den…
View article: Multi-observational estimation of regional and sectoral emission contributions to the persistent high growth rate of atmospheric CH <sub>4</sub> for 2020–2022
Multi-observational estimation of regional and sectoral emission contributions to the persistent high growth rate of atmospheric CH <sub>4</sub> for 2020–2022 Open
Atmospheric methane (CH4) growth rates reached unprecedented values in the years 2020–2022. To identify the main drivers of this increase, an inverse modeling study estimated regional and sectoral emission changes for 2016–2022. Three inve…
View article: Long-term and interannual variations of atmospheric methane observed by the NIES and collaborative observation networks
Long-term and interannual variations of atmospheric methane observed by the NIES and collaborative observation networks Open
Effective action for climate change mitigation requires an accurate understanding of global greenhouse gas budgets, including those of methane (CH 4 ). Atmospheric measurement data provide key constraints for estimating the magnitudes and …
View article: Global Methane Budget 2000–2020
Global Methane Budget 2000–2020 Open
Understanding and quantifying the global methane (CH4) budget is important for assessing realistic pathways to mitigate climate change. CH4 is the second most important human-influenced greenhouse gas in terms of climate forcing after carb…
View article: Revised methodology for CO <sub>2</sub> and CH <sub>4</sub> measurements at remote sites using a working standard-gas-saving system
Revised methodology for CO <sub>2</sub> and CH <sub>4</sub> measurements at remote sites using a working standard-gas-saving system Open
We have revised a calculation method of mole fractions and uncertainties for in situ CO2 and CH4 measurements with a working standard-gas-saving system. It uses on-site compressed air to track the baseline drift of sensors. The Japan–Russi…
View article: Towards Shipborne Emission Monitoring and Satellite Validation of CO2, CH4, CO, and NO2 Through Simultaneous Columnar and In Situ Observations
Towards Shipborne Emission Monitoring and Satellite Validation of CO2, CH4, CO, and NO2 Through Simultaneous Columnar and In Situ Observations Open
Precise observations of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) and air pollutant emissions are essential for improving emission inventories and evaluating the potential of their reduction, supporting the global stocktake. The global coverage o…
View article: The greenhouse gas observation mission with Global Observing SATellite for Greenhouse gases and Water cycle (GOSAT-GW): objectives, conceptual framework and scientific contributions
The greenhouse gas observation mission with Global Observing SATellite for Greenhouse gases and Water cycle (GOSAT-GW): objectives, conceptual framework and scientific contributions Open
The Japanese Global Observing SATellite for Greenhouse gases and Water cycle (GOSAT-GW) will be an Earth-observing satellite to conduct global observations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 …
View article: Uncertainties in OCO-2 satellite retrievals of XCO <sub>2</sub> limit diagnosis of transport model simulation uncertainty
Uncertainties in OCO-2 satellite retrievals of XCO <sub>2</sub> limit diagnosis of transport model simulation uncertainty Open
Estimating regional CO2 sources and sinks is challenging due to limited data and uncertainties in transport models. Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) overcomes measurement limits, providing CO2 variations beyond in-situ networks. This …
View article: Future Collaboration between the United States and Japan for Possible Development of a Japan GHG Center
Future Collaboration between the United States and Japan for Possible Development of a Japan GHG Center Open
To achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, national efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions must accelerate. The United States has committed to reducing GHG emissions by 50% by 2030 (relative to 2005 levels) and achieving net-zero emis…
View article: Observed APO Seasonal Cycle in the Pacific: Estimation of Autumn O<sub>2</sub> Oceanic Emissions
Observed APO Seasonal Cycle in the Pacific: Estimation of Autumn O<sub>2</sub> Oceanic Emissions Open
In this work, we investigated the seasonal cycle of atmospheric potential oxygen (APO), a unique tracer of air‐sea gas exchanges of molecular oxygen (O 2 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), expressed as APO = O 2 + 1.1 × CO 2 . APO data were obt…
View article: Multi-observational estimation of regional and sectoral emission contributions to the persistent high growth rate of atmospheric CH <sub>4</sub> for 2020–2022
Multi-observational estimation of regional and sectoral emission contributions to the persistent high growth rate of atmospheric CH <sub>4</sub> for 2020–2022 Open
An inverse study of atmospheric methane (CH4) estimated regional and sectoral emission contributions to the unprecedented surge of the atmospheric growth rate for 2020–2022. Three inverse analyses, which used only surface observations, sur…
View article: The greenhouse gas observation mission with Global Observing SATellite for Greenhouse gases and Water cycle (GOSAT-GW): Objectives, conceptual framework and scientific contributions
The greenhouse gas observation mission with Global Observing SATellite for Greenhouse gases and Water cycle (GOSAT-GW): Objectives, conceptual framework and scientific contributions Open
The Japanese Global Observing SATellite for Greenhouse gases and Water cycle (GOSAT-GW) will be an Earth-observing satellite to conduct global observations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) simu…
View article: Increasing Methane Emissions and Widespread Cold‐Season Release From High‐Arctic Regions Detected Through Atmospheric Measurements
Increasing Methane Emissions and Widespread Cold‐Season Release From High‐Arctic Regions Detected Through Atmospheric Measurements Open
Rising Arctic temperatures pose a threat to the large carbon stores trapped in Arctic permafrost. To assess methane emissions in high‐Arctic regions, we analyzed atmospheric data from Alaska and Siberia using two methods: (a) a wind sector…
View article: Observed APO Seasonal Cycles in the Pacific: Estimation of Autumn O2 Oceanic Emissions
Observed APO Seasonal Cycles in the Pacific: Estimation of Autumn O2 Oceanic Emissions Open
In this work, we investigated the seasonal cycle of atmospheric potential oxygen (APO), a unique tracer of air-sea gas exchanges of molecular oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), expressed as APO = O2 + 1.1×CO2. APO data were obtained fro…
View article: Comment on amt-2023-246
Comment on amt-2023-246 Open
Abstract. We have developed a container system for in-situ measurement of CO2 and CH4 that significantly reduces the consumption of working standard gases to a level less than one order of magnitude smaller than that required by a common m…
View article: Assessment of WRF-CO2 simulated vertical profiles of CO2 over Delhi region using aircraft and global model data
Assessment of WRF-CO2 simulated vertical profiles of CO2 over Delhi region using aircraft and global model data Open
High-resolution regional model simulation of CO 2 may be more beneficial to reduce the uncertainty in estimation of CO 2 source and sink via inverse modeling. However, the study of atmospheric CO 2 transport with regional models is rare ov…
View article: Ship- and aircraft-based XCH <sub>4</sub> over oceans as a new tool for satellite validation
Ship- and aircraft-based XCH <sub>4</sub> over oceans as a new tool for satellite validation Open
Satellite-based estimations of dry-air column-averaged mixing ratios of methane (XCH4) contribute to a better understanding of changes in CH4 emission sources and variations in its atmospheric growth rates. High accuracy of the satellite m…
View article: Working standard gas saving system for in-situ CO <sub>2</sub> and CH <sub>4</sub> measurements and calculation method for concentrations and their uncertainty
Working standard gas saving system for in-situ CO <sub>2</sub> and CH <sub>4</sub> measurements and calculation method for concentrations and their uncertainty Open
We have developed a container system for in-situ measurement of CO2 and CH4 that significantly reduces the consumption of working standard gases to a level less than one order of magnitude smaller than that required by a common method. It …
View article: Comment on amt-2023-144
Comment on amt-2023-144 Open
Abstract. Satellite based estimations of dry-air column-average mixing ratios of methane (XCH4) contribute to a better understanding of changes in CH4 emission sources and variations in its atmospheric growth rates. High accuracy of the sa…
View article: Comment on amt-2023-144
Comment on amt-2023-144 Open
Abstract. Satellite based estimations of dry-air column-average mixing ratios of methane (XCH4) contribute to a better understanding of changes in CH4 emission sources and variations in its atmospheric growth rates. High accuracy of the sa…
View article: Comment on amt-2023-144
Comment on amt-2023-144 Open
Abstract. Satellite based estimations of dry-air column-average mixing ratios of methane (XCH4) contribute to a better understanding of changes in CH4 emission sources and variations in its atmospheric growth rates. High accuracy of the sa…
View article: Ship- and aircraft-based XCH <sub>4</sub> over oceans as new tool for satellite validation
Ship- and aircraft-based XCH <sub>4</sub> over oceans as new tool for satellite validation Open
Satellite based estimations of dry-air column-average mixing ratios of methane (XCH4) contribute to a better understanding of changes in CH4 emission sources and variations in its atmospheric growth rates. High accuracy of the satellite me…
View article: Supplementary material to "Ship- and aircraft-based XCH <sub>4</sub> over oceans as new tool for satellite validation"
Supplementary material to "Ship- and aircraft-based XCH <sub>4</sub> over oceans as new tool for satellite validation" Open
Table S1.The monthly averaged (Avg.)values and the standard deviation (SD.) of
View article: Estimating methane emissions in the Arctic nations using surface observations from 2008 to 2019
Estimating methane emissions in the Arctic nations using surface observations from 2008 to 2019 Open
The Arctic is a critical region in terms of global warming. Environmental changes are already progressing steadily in high northern latitudes, whereby, among other effects, a high potential for enhanced methane (CH4) emissions is induced. …
View article: CO2 high-resolution simulation using WRF-GHG over the Kanto region in Japan
CO2 high-resolution simulation using WRF-GHG over the Kanto region in Japan Open
A high-resolution simulation of CO2 at 1×1 km horizontal resolution using the Weather Research and Forecasting Greenhouse gas (WRF-GHG) model was conducted, focusing on the Kanto region in Japan. The WRF-GHG simulations were performed usin…
View article: Near-real-time estimation of fossil fuel CO2 emissions from China based on atmospheric observations on Hateruma and Yonaguni Islands, Japan
Near-real-time estimation of fossil fuel CO2 emissions from China based on atmospheric observations on Hateruma and Yonaguni Islands, Japan Open
We developed a near-real-time estimation method for temporal changes in fossil fuel CO 2 (FFCO 2 ) emissions from China for 3 months [January, February, March (JFM)] based on atmospheric CO 2 and CH 4 observations on Hateruma Island (HAT, …
View article: Near-real-time estimation of fossil fuel CO2 emissions from China based on atmospheric observations at Hateruma and Yonaguni Islands, Japan
Near-real-time estimation of fossil fuel CO2 emissions from China based on atmospheric observations at Hateruma and Yonaguni Islands, Japan Open
We developed a near-real-time estimation method for temporal changes in fossil fuel CO2 (FFCO2) emissions from China for three months (January, February, March, (JFM)) based on atmospheric CO2 and CH4 observations on Hateruma Island (HAT, …