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View article: Magnetic field variations in Tongatapu caused by Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai volcanic activity in January 2022
Magnetic field variations in Tongatapu caused by Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai volcanic activity in January 2022 Open
The massive eruption of the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai volcano on January 15, 2022, triggered various phenomena, such as severe lightning from plume activities, atmospheric Lamb waves, conventional tsunamis, tsunamis caused by sea surface d…
View article: Time-series insights of the geomorphologic changes of the Hunga submarine caldera
Time-series insights of the geomorphologic changes of the Hunga submarine caldera Open
Caldera volcanoes produce the most impactful eruptions worldwide, yet caldera formation is rarely observed, especially in the submarine environment. We report repeat high-resolution seafloor mapping and quantify the geomorphological change…
View article: The seafloor record of explosive submarine volcanic eruptions
The seafloor record of explosive submarine volcanic eruptions Open
Underwater density currents triggered by marine volcanic eruptions threaten island communities and infrastructure, while their deposits provide potential archives of past major eruptions. Despite their significance, a scarcity of real-time…
View article: How Did Westward Volcaniclastic Deposits Accumulate in the Deep Sea Following the January 2022 Eruption of Hunga Volcano?
How Did Westward Volcaniclastic Deposits Accumulate in the Deep Sea Following the January 2022 Eruption of Hunga Volcano? Open
Most volcanic eruptions on Earth take place below the ocean surface and remain largely unobserved. Reconstruction of past submerged eruptions has thus primarily been based on the study of seafloor deposits. Rarely before the 15 January 202…
View article: Ancient Tsunami Records in the Viscous Remanent Magnetization of Reworked Boulders in the Kingdom of Tonga
Ancient Tsunami Records in the Viscous Remanent Magnetization of Reworked Boulders in the Kingdom of Tonga Open
The movement history of boulders is crucial for the reconstruction of paleo‐tsunamis. We report findings from viscous remanent magnetization studies of the boulders on Tongatapu Island, aiming to reconstruct their reworkings. Two boulders …
View article: Rapid remote volcanic ashfall impact assessment for the 2022 eruption of Hunga volcano, Tonga: a bespoke approach and lessons identified
Rapid remote volcanic ashfall impact assessment for the 2022 eruption of Hunga volcano, Tonga: a bespoke approach and lessons identified Open
When disasters occur, rapid impact assessments are required to prioritise response actions, support in-country efforts and inform the mobilisation of aid. The 15 January 2022 eruption of Hunga volcano, Tonga, and the resulting atmospheric …
View article: Rapid remote volcanic ashfall impact assessment for the 2022 eruption of Hunga volcano, Tonga: a bespoke approach and lessons identified
Rapid remote volcanic ashfall impact assessment for the 2022 eruption of Hunga volcano, Tonga: a bespoke approach and lessons identified Open
When disasters occur, rapid impact assessments are required to direct response priorities, support in-country efforts and inform the mobilisation of aid. The 15 January 2022 eruption of Hunga volcano, Tonga, and the resulting atmospheric s…
View article: Atmosphere injection of sea salts during the 15 January 2022 submarine eruption of Hunga volcano, Tonga
Atmosphere injection of sea salts during the 15 January 2022 submarine eruption of Hunga volcano, Tonga Open
The 15 January 2022 submarine eruption at Hunga volcano was the most explosive volcanic eruption in 140 years. It involved exceptional magma and seawater interaction throughout the entire submarine caldera collapse. The submarine volcanic …
View article: Monitoring volcanic activity with distributed acoustic sensing using the Tongan seafloor telecommunications cable
Monitoring volcanic activity with distributed acoustic sensing using the Tongan seafloor telecommunications cable Open
The devastation caused by the January 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano (HTHH) in the Tongan archipelago reminded us of the importance of monitoring shallow-sea volcanic activity. Seismic observations are essential for suc…
View article: The magmatic system under Hunga volcano before and after the 15 January 2022 eruption
The magmatic system under Hunga volcano before and after the 15 January 2022 eruption Open
One of the largest explosive eruptions instrumentally recorded occurred at Hunga volcano on 15 January 2022. The magma plumbing system under this volcano is unexplored because of inherent difficulties caused by its submarine setting. We us…
View article: Volcaniclastic density currents explain widespread and diverse seafloor impacts of the 2022 Hunga Volcano eruption
Volcaniclastic density currents explain widespread and diverse seafloor impacts of the 2022 Hunga Volcano eruption Open
The impacts of large terrestrial volcanic eruptions are apparent from satellite monitoring and direct observations. However, more than three quarters of all volcanic outputs worldwide lie submerged beneath the ocean, and the risks they pos…
View article: Monitoring volcanic activity with distributed acoustic sensing using the Tongan seafloor telecommunications cable
Monitoring volcanic activity with distributed acoustic sensing using the Tongan seafloor telecommunications cable Open
The devastation caused by the January 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano (HTHH) in the Tongan archipelago reminded us of the importance of monitoring shallow-sea volcanic activity. Seismic observations are essential for suc…
View article: Fast and destructive density currents created by ocean-entering volcanic eruptions
Fast and destructive density currents created by ocean-entering volcanic eruptions Open
Volcanic eruptions on land create hot and fast pyroclastic density currents, triggering tsunamis or surges that travel over water where they reach the ocean. However, no field study has documented what happens when large volumes of erupted…
View article: Morphological evolution of the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai submarine volcano after the explosive eruption
Morphological evolution of the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai submarine volcano after the explosive eruption Open
Submarine eruptions dominate volcanism on Earth, but the recent eruption of Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai volcano in January 2022 was one of the most explosive eruptions ever recorded. Many large calderas collapse during eruptions a…
View article: Volcanoclastic density currents explain far-reaching and diverse seafloor impacts of the 2022 Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha’apai eruption
Volcanoclastic density currents explain far-reaching and diverse seafloor impacts of the 2022 Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha’apai eruption Open
Figures, videos, and supplemental tables included in manuscript Pyroclastic density currents explain far-reaching and diverse seafloor impacts of the 2022 Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai eruption
View article: Fresh water sustainability and health in the Kingdom of Tonga
Fresh water sustainability and health in the Kingdom of Tonga Open
Background and aims The Kingdom of Tonga has a diverse and fragile hydrology across many islands with highly variable population density and technology access. Tonga is one of the most at-risk countries from the impacts of climate change a…
View article: Tsunami Runup and Inundation in Tonga from the January 2022 eruption of Hunga Volcano
Tsunami Runup and Inundation in Tonga from the January 2022 eruption of Hunga Volcano Open
On January 15th, 2022, at approximately 4:47 pm local time (0347 UTC), several weeks of heightened activity at the Hunga volcano 65 km northwest of Tongatapu, culminated in an 11-hour long violent eruption. The Kingdom of Tonga lies astrid…
View article: Understanding fragmentation mechanism(s) during the 15 January 2022 Hunga Volcano (Tonga) eruption through particle characteristics
Understanding fragmentation mechanism(s) during the 15 January 2022 Hunga Volcano (Tonga) eruption through particle characteristics Open
<p>The January 2022 eruption of Hunga Volcano, Tonga is likely the most explosive mafic eruption yet documented. It exhibited dynamics of ash plume expansion and atmospheric pressure waves unlike anything seen before. This is remarka…
View article: The 15 January 2022 Hunga eruption, Tonga &#8211; first petrographic and geochemical results
The 15 January 2022 Hunga eruption, Tonga – first petrographic and geochemical results Open
<p>The phreatoplinan eruption of the shallow submarine Hunga Volcano Tonga formed global air-pressure waves, regional tsunami and an up to 55 km-high eruption column. Despite its large explosive magnitude, the magma erupted were simi…
View article: Post-2015 caldera morphology of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha&#8217;apai caldera, Tonga, through drone photogrammetry and summit area bathymetry
Post-2015 caldera morphology of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai caldera, Tonga, through drone photogrammetry and summit area bathymetry Open
<p>In December 2014, eruptions began from a submarine vent between the islands of Hunga Tonga and Hunga Ha&#8217;apai, 65 km north of Tongatapu, Tonga. The &#8220;Hungas&#8221; represent small NW and NE remnants of the fl…
View article: The kingdom of Tonga devastated by a megatsunami in the mid-15th century
The kingdom of Tonga devastated by a megatsunami in the mid-15th century Open
<p>The pre-colonial history of Tonga and West Polynesia still suffers from major gaps because its reconstruction is essentially based on legends left by oral tradition, and by archaeological evidence somehow difficult to interpret. B…
View article: National Versus Local Sustainable Development Plans and Island Priorities in Sanitation: Examples from the Kingdom of Tonga
National Versus Local Sustainable Development Plans and Island Priorities in Sanitation: Examples from the Kingdom of Tonga Open
Sanitation, water supply, and their governance remain major challenges in many Pacific Island countries. National sustainable development strategies (NSDSs) are promoted throughout the Pacific as overarching improved governance instruments…
View article: Meeting SDG6 in the Kingdom of Tonga: The Mismatch between National and Local Sustainable Development Planning for Water Supply
Meeting SDG6 in the Kingdom of Tonga: The Mismatch between National and Local Sustainable Development Planning for Water Supply Open
UN Sustainable Development Goal 6 challenges small island developing states such as the Kingdom of Tonga, which relies on variable rainwater and fragile groundwater lenses for freshwater supply. Meeting water needs in dispersed small islan…
View article: Meeting SDG6 in the Kingdom of Tonga: The Mismatch between National and Local Sustainable Development Planning for Water Supply
Meeting SDG6 in the Kingdom of Tonga: The Mismatch between National and Local Sustainable Development Planning for Water Supply Open
UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goal 6 presents difficulties for small island developing states such as the Kingdom of Tonga, which relies on rainwater and groundwater lenses for freshwater supply. Planning and managing water resources to …