Explanipedia

JWST Observations of SN 2023ixf. II. The Panchromatic Evolution between 250 and 720 Days after the Explosion Open

K. Medler, C. Ashall, P. Hoêflich, E. Baron, James M. DerKacy , et al. · 2025

We present the nebular phase spectroscopic and photometric observations of the nearby hydrogen-rich core-collapse supernova (CCSN) SN 2023ixf, obtained through our JWST programs. These observations, combined with ground-based optical and n…

Two Decades of Dust Evolution in SN 2005af through JWST, Spitzer, and Chemical Modeling Open

Arkaprabha Sarangi, Szanna Zsíros, Tamás Szalai, L. Martínez, Melissa Shahbandeh , et al. · 2025

The evolution of dust in core-collapse supernovae (SNe), in general, is poorly constrained owing to a lack of infrared observations a few years after explosion. Most theories of dust formation in SNe heavily rely only on SN 1987A. In the l…

SN 2023ixf in M101: Physical Parameters from Bolometric Light Curve Modeling Open

J. Vinkó, Zsofia R. Bodola, Ákos Gődény, Szelina Fruzsina Csák, Réka Könyves-Tóth , et al. · 2025

We present new photometric observations of the core-collapse supernova SN 2023ixf occurred in M101, taken with the RC 80 and BRC80 robotic telescopes in Hungary. The initial nickel mass from the late-phase bolometric light curve extending …

SN 2022xlp: The second-known well-observed, intermediate-luminosity Iax supernova Open

D. Bánhidi, Barbara P. Barna, Tamás Szalai, J. Vinkó, I Bíró , et al. · 2025

Context. We present a detailed multicolor photometric and spectroscopic analysis of type Iax supernova SN 2022xlp. With a V -band absolute magnitude light curve peaking at M max ( V ) = − 16.04 ± 0.25 mag, this object is regarded as the se…

Very Late-time JWST and Keck Spectra of the Oxygen-rich Supernova 1995N Open

Geoffrey C. Clayton, R. Wesson, Ori D. Fox, Melissa Shahbandeh, A. V. Filippenko , et al. · 2025

We present new JWST/MIRI Medium Resolution Spectroscopy and Keck spectra of SN 1995N obtained in 2022–2023, more than 10,000 days after the supernova (SN) explosion. These spectra are among the latest direct detections of a core-collapse S…

JWST/MIRI Observations of Newly Formed Dust in the Cold, Dense Shell of the Type IIn SN 2005ip Open

Melissa Shahbandeh, Ori D. Fox, Tea Temim, E. Dwek, Arkaprabha Sarangi , et al. · 2025

Dust from core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), specifically Type IIP supernovae (SNe IIP), has been suggested to be a significant source of the dust observed in high-redshift galaxies. CCSNe eject large amounts of newly formed heavy elements,…

Large Cold Dust Reservoir Revealed in Transitional SN Ib 2014C by James Webb Space Telescope Mid-infrared Spectroscopy Open

Samaporn Tinyanont, Ori D. Fox, Melissa Shahbandeh, Tea Temim, R. E. Williams , et al. · 2025

Supernova (SN) 2014C is a rare transitional event that exploded as a hydrogen-poor, helium-rich Type Ib SN and subsequently interacted with a hydrogen-rich circumstellar medium (CSM) a few months postexplosion. This unique interacting obje…

JWST and Ground-based Observations of the Type Iax Supernovae SN 2024pxl and SN 2024vjm: Evidence for Weak Deflagration Explosions Open

Lindsey A. Kwok, Mridweeka Singh, Saurabh W. Jha, S. Blondin, Raya Dastidar , et al. · 2025

We present panchromatic optical $+$ near-infrared (NIR) $+$ mid-infrared (MIR) observations of the intermediate-luminosity Type Iax supernova (SN Iax) 2024pxl and the extremely low-luminosity SN Iax 2024vjm. JWST observations provide unpre…

Photometry and Spectroscopy of SN 2024pxl: A Luminosity Link Among Type Iax Supernovae Open

Mridweeka Singh, Lindsey A. Kwok, Saurabh W. Jha, Raya Dastidar, Conor Larison , et al. · 2025

We present extensive ultraviolet to optical photometric and optical to near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic follow-up observations of the nearby intermediate-luminosity ($M_V = -$16.81$\pm$0.19~mag) Type Iax supernova (SN) 2024pxl in NGC 6384…

Very Late-Time JWST and Keck Spectra of the Oxygen-Rich Supernova 1995N Open

Geoffrey C. Clayton, R. Wesson, Ori D. Fox, Melissa Shahbandeh, A. V. Filippenko , et al. · 2025

We present new {\it JWST}/MIRI MRS and Keck spectra of SN 1995N obtained in 2022--2023, more than 10,000 days after the supernova (SN) explosion. These spectra are among the latest direct detections of a core-collapse SN, both through emis…

Modeling the circumstellar interaction around SN 2004gq Open

Andrea Nagy, B. Pal, Tamás Szalai · 2025

Context. The relationship between the mass-loss history and final evolutionary stage of massive stars and the properties of the observable supernova (SN) is still under debate. This is especially true for stripped-envelope (Type Ib/c) SNe,…

JWST/MIRI detects the dusty SN1993J about 30 years after explosion Open

Tamás Szalai, Szanna Zsíros, J. Jencson, O. Fox, Melissa Shahbandeh , et al. · 2025

Context. Core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) have long been considered to contribute significantly to the cosmic dust budget. Newly-formed dust in the SN ejecta cools quickly and is therefore detectable at mid-infrared (mid-IR) wavelengths. H…

NEOWISE-R Caught the Luminous SN 2023ixf in Messier 101 Open

Schuyler D. Van Dyk, Tamás Szalai, R. M. Cutri, J. Davy Kirkpatrick, Carl J. Grillmair , et al. · 2024

During routine survey imaging, the reactivated Near-Earth Object Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (NEOWISE-R) serendipitously caught the Type II supernova SN 2023ixf in Messier 101 on the rise, starting day 3.6 through day 10.9, and aga…

JWST/MIRI Observations of Newly Formed Dust in the Cold, Dense Shell of the Type IIn SN 2005ip Open

Melissa Shahbandeh, Ori D. Fox, Tea Temim, E. Dwek, Arkaprabha Sarangi , et al. · 2024

Dust from core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), specifically Type IIP SNe, has been suggested to be a significant source of the dust observed in high-redshift galaxies. CCSNe eject large amounts of newly formed heavy elements, which can conden…

Ejecta Masses in Type Ia Supernovae—Implications for the Progenitor and the Explosion Scenario* Open

Zsófia Bora, Réka Könyves-Tóth, J. Vinkó, D. Bánhidi, I Bíró , et al. · 2024

The progenitor system(s) as well as the explosion mechanism(s) of thermonuclear (Type Ia) supernovae are long-standing issues in astrophysics. Here we present ejecta masses and other physical parameters for 28 recent Type Ia supernovae inf…

Constraining Dust Formation in the Superluminous Supernova 2017gci with JWST Observations Open

Sebastián Gómez, Tea Temim, O. Fox, V. Ashley Villar, Melissa Shahbandeh , et al. · 2024

We present JWST/MIRI observations of the Type I superluminous supernova (SLSN) 2017gci taken over 2000 rest-frame days after the supernova (SN) exploded, which represent the latest phase images taken of any known SLSN. We find that archiva…

Ejecta masses in Type Ia Supernovae -- Implications for the Progenitor and the Explosion Scenario Open

Zsófia Bora, Réka Könyves-Tóth, J. Vinkó, D. Bánhidi, I Bíró , et al. · 2024

The progenitor system(s) as well as the explosion mechanism(s) of thermonuclear (Type Ia) supernovae are long-standing issues in astrophysics. Here we present ejecta masses and other physical parameters for 28 recent Type Ia supernovae inf…

The story of SN 2021aatd: A peculiar 1987A-like supernova with an early-phase luminosity excess Open

Tamás Szalai, Réka Könyves-Tóth, Andrea Nagy, D. Hiramatsu, I. Arcavi , et al. · 2024

Context. There is a growing number of peculiar events that cannot be assigned to any of the main classes. SN 1987A and a handful of similar objects, thought to be explosive outcomes of blue supergiant stars, is one of them: while their spe…

NEOWISE-R Caught the Luminous SN 2023ixf in Messier 101 Open

Schuyler D. Van Dyk, Tamás Szalai, R. M. Cutri, J. Davy Kirkpatrick, Carl J. Grillmair , et al. · 2024

The reactivated Near-Earth Object Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (NEOWISE-R) serendipitously caught the Type II supernova SN 2023ixf in Messier 101 on the rise, starting day 3.6 through day 10.9, and on the late-time decline from days…

The story of SN 2021aatd -- a peculiar 1987A-like supernova with an early-phase luminosity excess Open

Tamás Szalai, Réka Könyves-Tóth, Andrea Nagy, D. Hiramatsu, I. Arcavi , et al. · 2024

There is a growing number of peculiar events that cannot be assigned to any of the main supernova (SN) classes. SN 1987A and a handful of similar objects, thought to be explosive outcomes of blue supergiant stars, belong to them: while the…

The SN 2023ixf Progenitor in M101. II. Properties Open

Schuyler D. Van Dyk, S. Srinivasan, Jennifer E. Andrews, Monika Soraisam, Tamás Szalai , et al. · 2024

We follow our first paper with an analysis of the ensemble of the extensive preexplosion ground- and space-based infrared observations of the red supergiant (RSG) progenitor candidate for the nearby core-collapse supernova SN 2023ixf in Me…

Ground-based and JWST Observations of SN 2022pul. II. Evidence from Nebular Spectroscopy for a Violent Merger in a Peculiar Type Ia Supernova Open

Lindsey A. Kwok, M. R. Siebert, J. Johansson, Saurabh W. Jha, S. Blondin , et al. · 2024

We present an analysis of ground-based and JWST observations of SN 2022pul, a peculiar “03fg-like” (or “super-Chandrasekhar”) Type Ia supernova (SN Ia), in the nebular phase at 338 days postexplosion. Our combined spectrum continuously cov…

A low-mass helium star progenitor model for the Type Ibn SN 2020nxt Open

Qinan Wang, Anika Goel, Luc Dessart, Ori D. Fox, Melissa Shahbandeh , et al. · 2024

A growing number of supernovae (SNe) are now known to exhibit evidence for significant interaction with a dense, pre-existing, circumstellar medium (CSM). SNe Ibn comprise one such class that can be characterized by both rapidly evolving l…

Serendipitous detection of the dusty Type IIL SN 1980K with <i>JWST</i>/MIRI Open

Szanna Zsíros, Tamás Szalai, Ilse De Looze, Arkaprabha Sarangi, Melissa Shahbandeh , et al. · 2024

We present mid-infrared (mid-IR) imaging of the Type IIL supernova (SN) 1980K with the JWST more than 40 yr post-explosion. SN 1980K, located in the nearby (D ≈ 7 Mpc) ‘SN factory’ galaxy NGC 6946, was serendipitously captured in JWST/MIRI…

Ground-based and JWST Observations of SN 2022pul. I. Unusual Signatures of Carbon, Oxygen, and Circumstellar Interaction in a Peculiar Type Ia Supernova Open

M. R. Siebert, Lindsey A. Kwok, J. Johansson, Saurabh W. Jha, S. Blondin , et al. · 2023

Nebular-phase observations of peculiar Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) provide important constraints on progenitor scenarios and explosion dynamics for both these rare SNe and the more common, cosmologically useful SNe Ia. We present observati…

The environmental dependence of Spitzer dusty Supernovae Open

Lin Xiao, Tamás Szalai, L. Galbany, Ori D. Fox, Lei Hu , et al. · 2023

Thanks to the mid-infrared capability offered by Spitzer, systematic searches of dust in SNe have been carried out over the past decade. Studies have revealed the presence of a substantial amount of dust over a broad range of SN subtypes. …

The SN 2023ixf Progenitor in M101. I. Infrared Variability Open

Monika Soraisam, Tamás Szalai, Schuyler D. Van Dyk, Jennifer E. Andrews, S. Srinivasan , et al. · 2023

Observational evidence points to a red supergiant (RSG) progenitor for SN 2023ixf. The progenitor candidate has been detected in archival images at wavelengths (≥0.6 μ m) where RSGs typically emit profusely. This object is distinctly varia…

Serendipitous detection of the dusty Type IIL SN 1980K with JWST/MIRI Open

Szanna Zsíros, Tamás Szalai, Ilse De Looze, Arkaprabha Sarangi, Melissa Shahbandeh , et al. · 2023

We present mid-infrared (mid-IR) imaging of the Type IIL supernova (SN) 1980K with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) more than 40 yr post-explosion. SN 1980K, located in the nearby ($D\approx7$ Mpc) "SN factory" galaxy NGC 6946, was se…

SN 2021gno: a Calcium-rich transient with double-peaked light curves Open

K. Ertini, G. Folatelli, L. Martínez, Melina C. Bersten, J. P. Anderson , et al. · 2023

We present extensive ultraviolet (UV) and optical photometric and optical spectroscopic follow-up of supernova (SN)~2021gno by the "Precision Observations of Infant Supernova Explosions" (POISE) project, starting less than two days after t…

SN 2021gno: a calcium-rich transient with double-peaked light curves Open

K. Ertini, G. Folatelli, L. Martínez, Melina C. Bersten, J. P. Anderson , et al. · 2023

We present extensive ultraviolet (UV) and optical photometric and optical spectroscopic follow-up of supernova (SN) 2021gno by the ‘Precision Observations of Infant Supernova Explosions’ (POISE) project, starting less than 2 d after the ex…

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