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View article: Lignin Carboxymethylation: Probing Fundamental Insights into Structure–Reactivity Relationships
Lignin Carboxymethylation: Probing Fundamental Insights into Structure–Reactivity Relationships Open
Amidst declining fossil-based resources and environmental challenges, the focus on biobased materials has intensified. Carboxymethylation is one way to introduce reactive functionality to enhance the reactivity of lignin for a specified ap…
View article: Material properties of spray‐dried cellulose nanocrystal reinforced homopolymer polypropylene composites
Material properties of spray‐dried cellulose nanocrystal reinforced homopolymer polypropylene composites Open
Spray‐dried cellulose nanocrystal (SDCNC) particles have attracted intense interest as reinforcements in polymer composites because of their unique physical and mechanical properties. This work aims to develop homopolymer polypropylene (HP…
View article: Totally chlorine-free peracetic acid pulping for nanocellulose isolation from hemp and poplar
Totally chlorine-free peracetic acid pulping for nanocellulose isolation from hemp and poplar Open
Nanocellulose is a promising and sustainable feedstock for developing advanced and functional materials. However, the characteristics of nanocellulose, such as crystallinity, surface energy, and aspect ratio, can vary depending on biomass …
View article: Lignin Structure and Reactivity in the Organosolv Process Studied by NMR Spectroscopy, Mass Spectrometry, and Density Functional Theory
Lignin Structure and Reactivity in the Organosolv Process Studied by NMR Spectroscopy, Mass Spectrometry, and Density Functional Theory Open
There is need for well-defined lignin macromolecules for research related to their use in biomaterial and biochemical applications. Lignin biorefining efforts are therefore under investigation to meet these needs. The detailed knowledge of…
View article: Atomic Level Interactions and Suprastructural Configuration of Plant Cell Wall Polymers in Dialkylimidazolium Ionic Liquids
Atomic Level Interactions and Suprastructural Configuration of Plant Cell Wall Polymers in Dialkylimidazolium Ionic Liquids Open
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely investigated for the pretreatment and deconstruction of lignocellulosic feedstocks. However, the modes of interaction between IL-anions and cations, and plant cell wall polymers, namely, cellulose, hemi…
View article: Biomimetic oxidative copolymerization of hydroxystilbenes and monolignols
Biomimetic oxidative copolymerization of hydroxystilbenes and monolignols Open
Hydroxystilbenes are a class of polyphenolic compounds that behave as lignin monomers participating in radical coupling reactions during the lignification. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of various artificial copolymers…
View article: Molecular understanding of the morphology and properties of lignin nanoparticles: unravelling the potential for tailored applications
Molecular understanding of the morphology and properties of lignin nanoparticles: unravelling the potential for tailored applications Open
Studies have shown that the size of LNP depends on the molecular weight ( M w ) of lignin.
View article: Novel and Integrated Process for the Valorization of Kraft Lignin to Produce Lignin-Containing Vitrimers
Novel and Integrated Process for the Valorization of Kraft Lignin to Produce Lignin-Containing Vitrimers Open
The valorization of lignin into value-added products by oxidative conversion is a widely studied strategy. However, in many cases, this approach has limited scope for integration into industrial processes. The objective of our work is to m…
View article: Ionic-liquid-Assisted Fabrication of Lignocellulosic Thin Films with Tunable Hydrophobicity
Ionic-liquid-Assisted Fabrication of Lignocellulosic Thin Films with Tunable Hydrophobicity Open
Thin films with enhanced water repellency and mechanical strength can be fabricated from renewable lignocellulosic feedstock as a replacement for petrochemical-derived synthetic polymers, such that it minimizes life cycle impact on the env…
View article: Production and Characterization of High Value Prebiotics From Biorefinery-Relevant Feedstocks
Production and Characterization of High Value Prebiotics From Biorefinery-Relevant Feedstocks Open
Hemicellulose, a structural polysaccharide and often underutilized co-product stream of biorefineries, could be used to produce prebiotic ingredients with novel functionalities. Since hot water pre-extraction is a cost-effective strategy f…
View article: Radical Coupling Reactions of Hydroxystilbene Glucosides and Coniferyl Alcohol: A Density Functional Theory Study
Radical Coupling Reactions of Hydroxystilbene Glucosides and Coniferyl Alcohol: A Density Functional Theory Study Open
The monolignols, p -coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohol, arise from the general phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway. Increasingly, however, authentic lignin monomers derived from outside this process are being identified and found to…
View article: Coupling of Flavonoid Initiation Sites with Monolignols Studied by Density Functional Theory
Coupling of Flavonoid Initiation Sites with Monolignols Studied by Density Functional Theory Open
Lignin recalcitrance presents a challenge for the development of a bioeconomy that employs lignocellulosic feedstocks. The efficiency of lignin deconstruction is improved by a reduction of molecular weight, and given the discovery that fla…
View article: Correction: Understanding the <i>in situ</i> state of lignocellulosic biomass during ionic liquids-based engineering of renewable materials and chemicals
Correction: Understanding the <i>in situ</i> state of lignocellulosic biomass during ionic liquids-based engineering of renewable materials and chemicals Open
Correction for ‘Understanding the in situ state of lignocellulosic biomass during ionic liquids-based engineering of renewable materials and chemicals’ by Kalavathy Rajan et al. , Green Chem. , 2020, 22 , 6748–6766, DOI: 10.1039/D0GC02582H.
View article: Incorporation of catechyl monomers into lignins: lignification from the non-phenolic end<i>via</i>Diels–Alder cycloaddition?
Incorporation of catechyl monomers into lignins: lignification from the non-phenolic end<i>via</i>Diels–Alder cycloaddition? Open
Catechyl monomers 1-electron-oxidize and undergo radical coupling to produce benzodioxane units in lignin. Derived o -quinones undergo Diels–Alder reactions giving oxatricyclo and new benzodioxane products, but does this occur in lignifica…
View article: The effect of residual lignin on the rheological properties of cellulose nanofibril suspensions
The effect of residual lignin on the rheological properties of cellulose nanofibril suspensions Open
Although the removal of lignin and hemicelluloses from cellulose pulp to produce fully bleached cellulose nanofibrils (B-CNF) is the most common practice, the presence of residual lignin and hemicelluloses in raw materials for the producti…
View article: Coupling and Reactions of Lignols and New Lignin Monomers: A Density Functional Theory Study
Coupling and Reactions of Lignols and New Lignin Monomers: A Density Functional Theory Study Open
This perspective summarizes and compares computational results for the thermodynamics of bond dissociation, coupling, and rearomatization for a number of noncanonical lignin monomer–lignol combinations that have been found to occur experim…
View article: Co(salen)-Catalyzed Oxidation of Lignin Models to Form Benzoquinones and Benzaldehydes: A Computational and Experimental Study
Co(salen)-Catalyzed Oxidation of Lignin Models to Form Benzoquinones and Benzaldehydes: A Computational and Experimental Study Open
Lignin is a highly abundant polyphenolic polymer that imparts mechanical strength to plant biomass. Transition-metal complexes can catalyze lignin oxidation to produce value-added products, but low catalytic efficiency has hampered their u…
View article: Lignin Monomers from beyond the Canonical Monolignol Biosynthetic Pathway: Another Brick in the Wall
Lignin Monomers from beyond the Canonical Monolignol Biosynthetic Pathway: Another Brick in the Wall Open
Lignin is conventionally defined as being formed by the oxidative polymerization of three main monolignols, p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol, that are derived from the general phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway.…
View article: Deactivation of Co-Schiff base catalysts in the oxidation of <i>para</i>-substituted lignin models for the production of benzoquinones
Deactivation of Co-Schiff base catalysts in the oxidation of <i>para</i>-substituted lignin models for the production of benzoquinones Open
Those features which enhance the reactivity of Co-Schiff base oxidation catalysts can also contribute to their demise.
View article: Effect of Non-Structural Organics and Inorganics Constituents of Switchgrass During Pyrolysis
Effect of Non-Structural Organics and Inorganics Constituents of Switchgrass During Pyrolysis Open
Non-structural components, such as inorganics and organic extractives, present in switchgrass were extracted with water and ethanol, and the resulting non-structural components-free materials were pyrolyzed to investigate the effect of the…
View article: Insights into degradation pathways of oxidized anhydroglucose units in cellulose by β-alkoxy-elimination: a combined theoretical and experimental approach
Insights into degradation pathways of oxidized anhydroglucose units in cellulose by β-alkoxy-elimination: a combined theoretical and experimental approach Open
Depolymerization of cellulose starting from an oxidized anhydroglucose unit through β-alkoxy-elimination, triggered by alkaline media, is one of the key reactions responsible for cellulose aging. This study investigates the detailed mechan…
View article: Degradation of the cellulosic key chromophores 2,5- and 2,6-dihydroxyacetophenone by hydrogen peroxide under alkaline conditions. Chromophores in cellulosics, XVII
Degradation of the cellulosic key chromophores 2,5- and 2,6-dihydroxyacetophenone by hydrogen peroxide under alkaline conditions. Chromophores in cellulosics, XVII Open
The dihydroxyacetophenones 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone (2,5-DHAP) and 2,6-dihydroxy-acetophenone (2,6-DHAP) belong to the key chromophores in cellulosic materials. The pulp and paper industry targets these key chromophores in their bleaching…
View article: 2,4,5-Trihydroxy-3-methylacetophenone: A Cellulosic Chromophore as a Case Study of Aromaticity
2,4,5-Trihydroxy-3-methylacetophenone: A Cellulosic Chromophore as a Case Study of Aromaticity Open
The title compound (2,4,5-trihydroxy-3-methylacetophenone, 1) was isolated as chromophore from aged cellulosic pulps. The peculiar feature of the compound is its weak aromatic system that can be converted into nonaromatic (quinoid or cycli…
View article: Stimulation and inhibition of enzymatic hydrolysis by organosolv lignins as determined by zeta potential and hydrophobicity
Stimulation and inhibition of enzymatic hydrolysis by organosolv lignins as determined by zeta potential and hydrophobicity Open
This study revealed that the effect of lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis is a function of both hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic repulsions. The lignin inhibition is controlled by lignin hydrophobicity and the lignin stimulation is g…
View article: Coupling and Reactions of 5-Hydroxyconiferyl Alcohol in Lignin Formation
Coupling and Reactions of 5-Hydroxyconiferyl Alcohol in Lignin Formation Open
The catechol alcohols, caffeyl and 5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol, may be incorporated into lignin either naturally or through genetic manipulation. Due to the presence of o-OH groups, these compounds form benzodioxanes, a departure from the i…
View article: Radical Nature of C-Lignin
Radical Nature of C-Lignin Open
The recently discovered lignin composed of caffeoyl alcohol monolignols or C-lignin is particularly intriguing given its homogeneous, linear polymeric structure and exclusive benzodioxane linkage between monomers. By virtue of this simplif…
View article: CCDC 1441264: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
CCDC 1441264: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination Open
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available …