Thomas H. Oguin
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View article: Validation of prototype virus inactivation from seven virus families of pandemic potential with a novel low-cost, field-deployable RNA extraction and storage method
Validation of prototype virus inactivation from seven virus families of pandemic potential with a novel low-cost, field-deployable RNA extraction and storage method Open
The Centers for Research in Emerging Infectious Diseases (CREID) was established to enhance pandemic preparedness by studying emerging/reemerging pathogens, especially in resource-limited regions. To overcome infrastructure challenges, a l…
View article: Design of SARS-CoV-2 RBD immunogens to focus immune responses toward conserved coronavirus epitopes
Design of SARS-CoV-2 RBD immunogens to focus immune responses toward conserved coronavirus epitopes Open
SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, with new variants emerging that evade pre-existing immunity and limit the efficacy of existing vaccines. One approach toward developing superior, variant-proof vaccines is to engineer immunogens that prefere…
View article: Design of SARS-CoV-2 RBD Immunogens to Focus Immune Responses Towards Conserved Coronavirus Epitopes
Design of SARS-CoV-2 RBD Immunogens to Focus Immune Responses Towards Conserved Coronavirus Epitopes Open
SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, with new variants emerging that evade pre-existing immunity and limit the efficacy of existing vaccines. One approach towards developing superior, variant-proof vaccines is to engineer immunogens that prefer…
View article: Dynamics of cytokine and antibody responses in community versus hospital SARS-CoV-2 infections
Dynamics of cytokine and antibody responses in community versus hospital SARS-CoV-2 infections Open
Introduction Dysregulated host cytokine responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection are a primary cause of progression to severe disease, whereas early neutralizing antibody responses are considered protective. However, there are gaps in understandi…
View article: Spatiotemporal Control of Immune Responses with Nucleic Acid Cocktail Vaccine
Spatiotemporal Control of Immune Responses with Nucleic Acid Cocktail Vaccine Open
Nucleic acid vaccines play important roles in the prevention and treatment of diseases. However, limited immunogenicity remains a major obstacle for DNA vaccine applications in the clinic. To address the issue, the present study investigat…
View article: Initiator cell death event induced by SARS-CoV-2 in the human airway epithelium
Initiator cell death event induced by SARS-CoV-2 in the human airway epithelium Open
Virus-induced cell death is a key contributor to COVID-19 pathology. Cell death induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is well studied in myeloid cells but less in its primary host cell type, angiotensin-co…
View article: A new class of antibodies that overcomes a steric barrier to cross-group neutralization of influenza viruses
A new class of antibodies that overcomes a steric barrier to cross-group neutralization of influenza viruses Open
Antibody titers that inhibit the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) from engaging its receptor are the accepted correlate of protection from infection. Many potent antibodies with broad, intra-subtype specificity bind HA at the receptor bi…
View article: Broadly neutralizing antibody induction by non-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 Spike mRNA vaccination in nonhuman primates
Broadly neutralizing antibody induction by non-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 Spike mRNA vaccination in nonhuman primates Open
Immunization with mRNA or viral vectors encoding spike with diproline substitutions (S-2P) has provided protective immunity against severe COVID-19 disease. How immunization with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)…
View article: An epithelial-immune circuit amplifies inflammasome and IL-6 responses to SARS-CoV-2
An epithelial-immune circuit amplifies inflammasome and IL-6 responses to SARS-CoV-2 Open
Elevated levels of cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 are associated with severe COVID-19. Investigating the underlying mechanisms, we find that while primary human airway epithelia (HAE) have functional inflammasomes and support SARS-CoV-2 replicat…
View article: Transient inhibition of lysosomal functions potentiates nucleic acid vaccines
Transient inhibition of lysosomal functions potentiates nucleic acid vaccines Open
Nucleic acid vaccines have shown promising results in the clinic against infectious diseases and cancers. To robustly improve the vaccine efficacy and safety, we developed an approach to increase the intracellular stability of nucleic acid…
View article: Unraveling the cell death induced by SARS-CoV-2 in lung epithelial cells
Unraveling the cell death induced by SARS-CoV-2 in lung epithelial cells Open
The COVID-19 pandemic has continued to affect people’s lives worldwide, and SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen that causes the pandemic, has infected over 100 million people and claimed over 10 million lives globally. There is strong evidence that l…
View article: Bi-directional epithelial-immune communication amplifies inflammasome activation and IL-6 release during SARS-CoV-2 infection
Bi-directional epithelial-immune communication amplifies inflammasome activation and IL-6 release during SARS-CoV-2 infection Open
Increased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 are linked to severe COVID-19. Here, we investigate the contributions of viral host cells, primary human airway epithelia (HAE), and immune bystanders, peripheral blood mono…
View article: H3N2 influenza hemagglutination inhibition method qualification with data driven statistical methods for human clinical trials
H3N2 influenza hemagglutination inhibition method qualification with data driven statistical methods for human clinical trials Open
Introduction Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody titers to seasonal influenza strains are important surrogates for vaccine-elicited protection. However, HAI assays can be variable across labs, with low sensitivity across diverse vir…
View article: A class of antibodies that overcome a steric barrier to cross-group neutralization of influenza viruses
A class of antibodies that overcome a steric barrier to cross-group neutralization of influenza viruses Open
Antibody titers that inhibit the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) from engaging its receptor are the accepted correlate of protection from infection. Many potent antibodies with broad, intra-subtype specificity bind HA at the receptor bi…
View article: Development of flow cytometry‐based assays to assess the ability of antibodies to bind to SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected and spike‐transfected cells and mediate NK cell degranulation
Development of flow cytometry‐based assays to assess the ability of antibodies to bind to SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected and spike‐transfected cells and mediate NK cell degranulation Open
Since the beginning of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, antibody responses and antibody effector functions targeting SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected cells have been understudied. Consequently, the role of these types of antibodies in SARS‐CoV‐2 disease (COVID…
View article: Breadth of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization and Protection Induced by a Nanoparticle Vaccine
Breadth of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization and Protection Induced by a Nanoparticle Vaccine Open
Coronavirus vaccines that are highly effective against SARS-CoV-2 variants are needed to control the current pandemic. We previously reported a receptor-binding domain (RBD) sortase A-conjugated ferritin nanoparticle (RBD-scNP) vaccine tha…
View article: Rapid test to assess the escape of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern
Rapid test to assess the escape of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern Open
A rapid test measures neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in 1 hour.
View article: Altering the Immunogenicity of Hemagglutinin Immunogens by Hyperglycosylation and Disulfide Stabilization
Altering the Immunogenicity of Hemagglutinin Immunogens by Hyperglycosylation and Disulfide Stabilization Open
Influenza virus alters glycosylation patterns on its surface exposed glycoproteins to evade host adaptive immune responses. The viral hemagglutinin (HA), in particular the H3 subtype, has increased its overall surface glycosylation since i…
View article: In vitro and in vivo functions of SARS-CoV-2 infection-enhancing and neutralizing antibodies
In vitro and in vivo functions of SARS-CoV-2 infection-enhancing and neutralizing antibodies Open
SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) protect against COVID-19. A concern regarding SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is whether they mediate disease enhancement. Here, we isolated NAbs against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the N-terminal …
View article: Multiplexed, quantitative serological profiling of COVID-19 from blood by a point-of-care test
Multiplexed, quantitative serological profiling of COVID-19 from blood by a point-of-care test Open
A point-of-care, microfluidic platform detects antibodies against three SARS-CoV-2 antigens from blood in less than an hour.
View article: Differential immune imprinting by influenza virus vaccination and infection in nonhuman primates
Differential immune imprinting by influenza virus vaccination and infection in nonhuman primates Open
Significance Immune memory causes the earliest infection by influenza virus to impart a lasting imprint on an individual’s response to later influenza infections or vaccinations. Until recently, that first exposure was always an infection.…