Thomas Waterfield
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View article: Diagnostic test accuracy of dipstick urinalysis in clean catch urine for urinary tract infection in febrile infants presenting to emergency departments: a post-hoc analysis of the FIDO study
Diagnostic test accuracy of dipstick urinalysis in clean catch urine for urinary tract infection in febrile infants presenting to emergency departments: a post-hoc analysis of the FIDO study Open
Summary: Background: Studies where urine is typically obtained via invasive methods, show dipstick urinalysis can accurately screen for urinary tract infection (UTI) in febrile infants under 90 days old. However, evidence is limited in set…
View article: Neuroinflammatory and immune responses in infants with enterovirus and parechovirus meningitis, and their association with CSF pleocytosis
Neuroinflammatory and immune responses in infants with enterovirus and parechovirus meningitis, and their association with CSF pleocytosis Open
Objectives Enterovirus (EV) and parechovirus (PeV) meningitis are significant causes of illness in febrile infants. The clinical significance of detecting EV/PeV in the CSF, particularly in the absence of pleocytosis and neurological sympt…
View article: Novel blood protein biomarkers for distinguishing bacterial from non-bacterial infection in children: a case–control study
Novel blood protein biomarkers for distinguishing bacterial from non-bacterial infection in children: a case–control study Open
Background Distinguishing bacterial from viral or inflammatory conditions in hospitalised children is clinically challenging due to overlapping clinical features and limitations of existing diagnostics. Culture-based tests are slow, and co…
View article: Empirical oral AntibioticS for possible UTI in well appearing Young febrile infants (EASY)
Empirical oral AntibioticS for possible UTI in well appearing Young febrile infants (EASY) Open
Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common serious bacterial infections in febrile infants. Current UK guidelines recommend parenteral antibiotics for infants under three months with suspected UTI, despite evidence supp…
View article: Application of Step-by-Step and Paediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) Clinical Decision Aids in the management of young febrile infants in a UK cohort
Application of Step-by-Step and Paediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) Clinical Decision Aids in the management of young febrile infants in a UK cohort Open
Background Young febrile infants are at high risk of invasive bacterial infections (IBIs). Clinical Decision Aids (CDA) such as the Step-by-Step and Paediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) use Procalcitonin (PCT), limit…
View article: microRNA Biomarkers in Paediatric Infection Diagnostics—Bridging the Gap Between Evidence and Clinical Application: A Scoping Review
microRNA Biomarkers in Paediatric Infection Diagnostics—Bridging the Gap Between Evidence and Clinical Application: A Scoping Review Open
Background: Distinguishing between bacterial and viral infections in children remains a significant challenge for clinicians. Traditional biomarkers have limited utility, often leading to antibiotic overprescription due to clinician uncert…
View article: BronchStop Study Protocol, Season 2
BronchStop Study Protocol, Season 2 Open
Introduction In 2021 we launched the BronchStart study, which collected information on 17,899 hospital attendances in children with serious respiratory tract infections following the release of lockdown restrictions. Our study informed the…
View article: Novel biomarkers for distinguishing bacterial from non-bacterial infection: a systematic review
Novel biomarkers for distinguishing bacterial from non-bacterial infection: a systematic review Open
Background Accurately distinguishing bacterial from non-bacterial infections is essential to guide antibiotic use but remains clinically challenging. Current biomarkers such as C-reactive protein and procalcitonin have limited diagnostic a…
View article: A single centre randomised, feasibility study using point-of-care (POC) testing for respiratory viruses to direct oral corticosteroids use in preschool-aged children with acute wheeze. A Protocol
A single centre randomised, feasibility study using point-of-care (POC) testing for respiratory viruses to direct oral corticosteroids use in preschool-aged children with acute wheeze. A Protocol Open
Background Wheezing in the pre-school aged group (under 5 years) is a common presentation and significant healthcare burden. It is a heterogenous presentation representing a spectrum of phenotypes and although the causes may be multifactor…
View article: In depth characterisation of the proteome of MIS-C and post COVID-19 infection in children reveals inflammatory pathway activation and evidence of tissue damage
In depth characterisation of the proteome of MIS-C and post COVID-19 infection in children reveals inflammatory pathway activation and evidence of tissue damage Open
View article: Bivalent prefusion F vaccination in pregnancy and respiratory syncytial virus hospitalisation in infants in the UK: results of a multicentre, test-negative, case-control study
Bivalent prefusion F vaccination in pregnancy and respiratory syncytial virus hospitalisation in infants in the UK: results of a multicentre, test-negative, case-control study Open
National Institute for Health and Care Research, The Wellcome Trust, and Imperial College London.
View article: Prevalence of Invasive Bacterial Infection Among Febrile Infants Aged 61 to 90 Days
Prevalence of Invasive Bacterial Infection Among Febrile Infants Aged 61 to 90 Days Open
This cohort study evaluated the risk of invasive bacterial infection among infants aged 61 to 90 days and whether clinical appearance was associated with invasive bacterial infection risk in this population.
View article: microRNA Biomarkers in Paediatric Infection Diagnostics. Bridging the Gap Between Evidence and Clinical Application: A Scoping Review
microRNA Biomarkers in Paediatric Infection Diagnostics. Bridging the Gap Between Evidence and Clinical Application: A Scoping Review Open
Objective This scoping review aims to assess the evidence regarding miRNA associations with paediatric bacterial and viral infections. Introduction Febrile children present a challenge in emergency care, often leading to unnecessary antibi…
View article: Scoping review of clinical decision aids in the assessment and management of febrile infants under 90 days of age
Scoping review of clinical decision aids in the assessment and management of febrile infants under 90 days of age Open
View article: The Prevalence of Invasive Bacterial Infection in Febrile Infants Presenting to Hospital Following Meningococcal B Immunisation: A Case Series
The Prevalence of Invasive Bacterial Infection in Febrile Infants Presenting to Hospital Following Meningococcal B Immunisation: A Case Series Open
Objectives: To report the prevalence of invasive bacterial infection (IBI) in febrile infants ≤90 days presenting to hospital within 72 h of meningococcal B (MenB) immunisation. Methods: A secondary analysis of data from two previous multi…
View article: miRNA Library Preparation Optimisation for Low-Concentration and Low-Volume Paediatric Plasma Samples
miRNA Library Preparation Optimisation for Low-Concentration and Low-Volume Paediatric Plasma Samples Open
Background: Analysing circulating miRNAs in paediatric plasma is challenging due to typically low sample volumes. The QIAseq miRNA UDI Library Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) was selected as it has a proven track record with a specific proto…
View article: Bivalent Prefusion F Vaccination in Pregnancy and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalisation in Infants: Results of a Prospective, Multi-Centre, Test-Negative Study
Bivalent Prefusion F Vaccination in Pregnancy and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalisation in Infants: Results of a Prospective, Multi-Centre, Test-Negative Study Open
View article: Update to: Study Pre-protocol for “BronchStart - The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Timing, Age and Severity of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Emergency Presentations; a Multi-Centre Prospective Observational Cohort Study”
Update to: Study Pre-protocol for “BronchStart - The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Timing, Age and Severity of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Emergency Presentations; a Multi-Centre Prospective Observational Cohort Study” Open
Background In 2021 we launched the BronchStart study, which collected information on 17,899 presentations in children with serious respiratory tract infections following the release of lockdown restrictions. Our study informed the Joint Co…
View article: miRNA Library Preparation Optimisation for Low Concentration and Low Volume Paediatric Plasma Samples
miRNA Library Preparation Optimisation for Low Concentration and Low Volume Paediatric Plasma Samples Open
Background: Analysing circulating miRNAs in paediatric plasma is challenging due to typically low sample volumes. The QIAseq miRNA UDI Library Kit was selected as it has a proven track record with a specific protocol for plasma and serum. …
View article: Performance of clinical decision aids (CDA) for the care of young febrile infants: a multicentre prospective cohort study conducted in the UK and Ireland
Performance of clinical decision aids (CDA) for the care of young febrile infants: a multicentre prospective cohort study conducted in the UK and Ireland Open
View article: Update to: Study Pre-protocol for “BronchStart - The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Timing, Age and Severity of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Emergency Presentations; a Multi-Centre Prospective Observational Cohort Study”
Update to: Study Pre-protocol for “BronchStart - The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Timing, Age and Severity of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Emergency Presentations; a Multi-Centre Prospective Observational Cohort Study” Open
Background In 2021 we launched the BronchStart study, which collected information on 17,899 presentations in children with serious respiratory tract infections following the release of lockdown restrictions. Our study informed the Joint Co…
View article: Utility of respiratory viral testing in the risk stratification of young febrile infants presenting to emergency care settings: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Utility of respiratory viral testing in the risk stratification of young febrile infants presenting to emergency care settings: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis Open
Introduction Febrile infants under 3 months of age are at risk of invasive bacterial infection (IBI). It is currently unclear if testing for respiratory viruses may have a role in IBI risk stratification. If found to be associated with the…
View article: Defining age-specific reference intervals for biomarkers distinguishing bacterial from viral infection in paediatrics
Defining age-specific reference intervals for biomarkers distinguishing bacterial from viral infection in paediatrics Open
Differentiating bacterial from viral infections in children is a common clinical challenge. Novel host immune biomarkers have the potential to aid thediagnosis of infection aetiology and identify children who require antibiotics. Data on n…
View article: The Role of Intestinal Epithelial Permeability in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Case–Control Study
The Role of Intestinal Epithelial Permeability in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Case–Control Study Open
Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) occurs after SARS-CoV-2 infection, with gastrointestinal symptoms a prominent feature. This syndrome has been proposed to be triggered by persistent SARS-CoV-2 antigenemia d…
View article: Exploring communication preferences and risk thresholds of clinicians and parents of febrile infants under 90 days presenting to the emergency department: a qualitative study
Exploring communication preferences and risk thresholds of clinicians and parents of febrile infants under 90 days presenting to the emergency department: a qualitative study Open
Background Febrile infants under 3 months of age are at higher risk of invasive bacterial illness (IBI) when compared with older children. Increasingly sequential assessment based on age, clinical appearance and biomarkers is used to deter…
View article: Diagnostic test accuracy of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein for predicting invasive and serious bacterial infections in young febrile infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Diagnostic test accuracy of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein for predicting invasive and serious bacterial infections in young febrile infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis Open
View article: Conundrums in the Management of Febrile Infants under Three Months of Age and Future Research
Conundrums in the Management of Febrile Infants under Three Months of Age and Future Research Open
Febrile infants under three months of age pose a diagnostic challenge to clinicians. Unlike in older children, the rates of invasive bacterial infections (IBIs), such as bacteraemia or meningitis, are high. This greater risk of IBI combine…
View article: Serum HCoV-spike specific antibodies do not protect against subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents
Serum HCoV-spike specific antibodies do not protect against subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents Open
View article: Applying clinical decision aids for the assessment and management of febrile infants presenting to emergency care in the UK and Ireland: Febrile Infant Diagnostic Assessment and Outcome (FIDO) Study protocol
Applying clinical decision aids for the assessment and management of febrile infants presenting to emergency care in the UK and Ireland: Febrile Infant Diagnostic Assessment and Outcome (FIDO) Study protocol Open
Introduction Febrile infants 90 days and younger are at risk of invasive bacterial infections (bacteraemia and meningitis) and urinary tract infections. Together this is previously termed serious bacterial infection with an incidence of ap…
View article: Study protocol: Medium throughput, deep proteomic characterization of children with PIMS-TS, and identification of candidate diagnostic biomarkers
Study protocol: Medium throughput, deep proteomic characterization of children with PIMS-TS, and identification of candidate diagnostic biomarkers Open
SARS-CoV-2 infection in children results in a wide range of clinical outcomes. Paediatric Multisystem Inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19(PIMS-TS) occurs weeks after a SARS-CoV-2 infection, and results in severe illne…