Explanipedia

Deep-learning-derived glaucoma-related endophenotypes enable novel genome-wide genetic and functional discovery Open

Liyin Chen, Ivy Yan Zhao, Saber Kazeminasab Hashemabad, Tobias Elze, Mohammad Eslami , et al. · 2025

The genetic architecture of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), a leading cause of irreversible blindness, remains largely unexplained due to the reliance of previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on imprecise phenotypes from elec…

Multimodal Deep Learning for Longitudinal Prediction of Glaucoma Progression Using Sequential RNFL, Visual Field, and Clinical Data Open

Mousa Moradi, Jerry Cao-Xue, Mohammad Eslami, Mengyu Wang, Tobias Elze , et al. · 2025

Forecasting glaucoma progression remains a major challenge in preventing irreversible vision loss. We developed and validated a multimodal, longitudinal deep learning framework to predict future progression using a large retrospective coho…

Clinically Informed Semi-Supervised Learning Improves Disease Annotation and Equity from Electronic Health Records: A Glaucoma Case Study Open

Mousa Moradi, R. Shah, Asahi Fujita, Niloufar Bineshfar, Daniel M. Vu , et al. · 2025

EVLF-FM: Explainable Vision Language Foundation Model for Medicine Open

Yang Bai, Haoran Cheng, Yang Zhou, Jun Zhou, Arun James Thirunavukarasu , et al. · 2025

Despite the promise of foundation models in medical AI, current systems remain limited - they are modality-specific and lack transparent reasoning processes, hindering clinical adoption. To address this gap, we present EVLF-FM, a multimoda…

The Impact of Myopia on Regional Visual Field Loss and Progression in Glaucoma Open

Anagha Lokhande, Lifei Song, Yueyin Pang, Yan Luo, Louis R. Pasquale , et al. · 2025

We provide evidence for the relationship between SE and VF progression and inform clinical practice by highlighting even mild myopia as a highly prevalent possible risk factor for glaucoma progression.

Data Duplication and Errors in Large Medical Data Sets: A Case Study in the IRIS® Registry Open

Eric A Goldberg, Connor Ross, Vivian Paraskevi Douglas, Alexander R. Ivanov, Tobias Elze , et al. · 2025

Data Duplication and Errors in Large Medical Datasets: A Case Study in the IRIS® Registry Open

Eric A Goldberg, Vivian Paraskevi Douglas, Alexander R. Ivanov, Connor Ross, Tobias Elze , et al. · 2025

Purpose:To investigate entry errors and data duplication within the IRIS® Registry utilizing cataract surgery (CS), YAG capsulotomy (YAG), macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR) records. Design:Retrospective cohort study…

Recall by polygenic risk score in two biobanks supports a genomic approach for glaucoma detection Open

Janey L. Wiggs, Louis R. Pasquale, Huijuan Zhao, Nazlee Zebardast, Kanza Aziz , et al. · 2025

Glaucoma is a highly heritable optic neuropathy and a leading cause of blindness; yet, glaucoma screening is challenging due to the time-consuming clinical methods required for disease identification and the imperfect accuracy of screening…

Patient and Practice Level Visual Acuity Prior to Cataract Surgery: An IRIS<sup>®</sup> Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) Analysis Open

Laurel T. Tainsh, Vivian Paraskevi Douglas, Joshua B. Gilbert, Sarah Manz, Connor Ross , et al. · 2025

Purpose To examine the influence of patient demographic characteristics and ophthalmic practice composition on access to cataract surgery in the United States as measured by preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Patient and met…

Multimodal, Multi-Disease Medical Imaging Foundation Model (MerMED-FM) Open

Yang Bai, Tobias Elze, Nan Liu, Iain Beehuat Tan · 2025

Current artificial intelligence models for medical imaging are predominantly single modality and single disease. Attempts to create multimodal and multi-disease models have resulted in inconsistent clinical accuracy. Furthermore, training …

Using Machine Learning to Identify Ophthalmology Subspecialty Care and Advance Workforce Research with the IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) Open

Ju Hyun Jeon, Ju‐Yeun Lee, Tobias Elze, Joan W. Miller, Anja Lorch , et al. · 2025

Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

OphthaBERT: Automated Glaucoma Diagnosis from Clinical Notes Open

R. Shah, Mousa Moradi, Sedigheh Eslami, Asahi Fujita, Kanza Aziz , et al. · 2025

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, with early intervention often being crucial. Research into the underpinnings of glaucoma often relies on electronic health records (EHRs) to identify patients with glaucoma a…

Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness reflects characteristics of brain grey and white matter Open

Nazife Ayyıldız, Karsten Mueller, Samyogita Hardikar, Frauke Beyer, Cornelia Enzenbach , et al. · 2025

The retina is a relatively accessible part of the central nervous system compared to the brain. Using high resolution optical imaging we investigated the relationship between retinal thickness, obtained with optical coherence tomography, a…

Association Between Cup-to-Disc Ratio and Structural and Functional Damage Parameters in Glaucoma: Insights From Multiparametric Modeling Open

Aliah McCalla, Mengyu Wang, Mohammad Eslami, Saber Kazeminasab, Yan Luo , et al. · 2025

This interpretable nonlinear model helps to better explain specific impacts on and limitations of CDR, one of the most frequently recorded parameters for glaucoma diagnostics.

Data Duplication and Errors in Large Medical Datasets: A Case Study in the IRIS® Registry Open

Eric A Goldberg, Vivian Paraskevi Douglas, Alexander R. Ivanov, Connor Ross, Tobias Elze , et al. · 2025

Purpose:To investigate entry errors and data duplication within the IRIS® Registry utilizing cataract surgery (CS), YAG capsulotomy (YAG), macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR) records. Design:Retrospective cohort study…

PyGlaucoMetrics: A Weight Stacking- Based Machine Learning Approach for Glaucoma Detection Using Visual Field Data Open

Mousa Moradi, Saber Kazeminasab Hashemabad, Daniel M. Vu, Allison R. Soneru, Asahi Fujita , et al. · 2025

Background and Objectives: Glaucoma (GL) classification is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment, yet relying solely on stand-alone models or International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes is insufficient due to limited predictiv…

Factors Associated with Gonioscopy Before Glaucoma Procedures in the IRIS® Registry Open

Daniel M. Vu, Joshua B. Gilbert, Eric A Goldberg, Adam L. Rothman, Michael M. Lin , et al. · 2025

Purpose: To analyze nationwide pre-operative gonioscopy utilization patterns for various glaucoma surgeries and laser surgeries over time using the IRIS^® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight). Design: Retrospective cohort stu…

Macular patterns of neuronal and visual field loss in recovered optic neuritis identified by machine learning Open

David Szanto, Jui-Kai Wang, Brian Woods, Tobias Elze, Mona K. Garvin , et al. · 2024

We used machine learning to investigate the residual visual field (VF) deficits and macula retinal ganglion cell (RGC) thickness loss patterns in recovered optic neuritis (ON). We applied archetypal analysis (AA) to 377 same-day pairings o…

Trends in Billing Secure Messages at Ophthalmology Practices across the United States Open

Isdin Oke, Tobias Elze, Joan W. Miller, Anja Lorch, Ankoor S. Shah , et al. · 2024

Archetypal Analysis Reveals Consistent Visual Field Patterns for Stimulus Sizes III and V in Glaucoma and NAION Open

David Szanto, Michael Wall, Luke Chong, Brian Woods, Tobias Elze , et al. · 2024

AA shows similar quantifiable patterns of VF loss with size III or size V, supporting the use of size V to monitor eyes with moderate to severe VF loss.

Impact of Cataract Surgery on the Risk of Conversion from Dry to Neovascular Age- related Macular Degeneration in the IRIS® Registry Open

Helia Ashourizadeh, Joshua B. Gilbert, Nicole Grinspan, William F. Kearney, Connor Ross , et al. · 2024

Objective To evaluate the association between cataract surgery and the conversion of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) to neovascular AMD (nAMD) and risk factors for nAMD conversion among eyes receiving cataract surgery. Design Re…

Data Duplication and Errors in Large Medical Datasets: A Case Study in the IRIS® Registry Open

Eric A Goldberg, Vivian Paraskevi Douglas, Alexander R. Ivanov, Connor Ross, Tobias Elze , et al. · 2024

Purpose:To investigate entry errors and data duplication within the IRIS® Registry utilizing cataract surgery (CS), YAG capsulotomy (YAG), macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR) records. Design:Retrospective cohort study…

Impact of Demographics on Regional Visual Field Loss and Deterioration in Glaucoma Open

Yueyin Pang, Melody Tang, Min Shi, Yu Tian, Yan Luo , et al. · 2024

This study furthered our understanding of racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in glaucoma outcomes. Understanding the VF loss burden in different racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups may guide more effective glaucoma screenin…

Transformer-Based Deep Learning Prediction of 10-Degree Humphrey Visual Field Tests From 24-Degree Data Open

Min Shi, Anagha Lokhande, Yu Tian, Yan Luo, M. Eslami , et al. · 2024

The predicted 10-2 VF has the potential to improve glaucoma diagnosis.

Factors Associated with Missing Sociodemographic Data in the IRIS® (Intelligent Research in Sight) Registry Open

Connor Ross, Alexander R. Ivanov, Tobias Elze, Joan W. Miller, Flora Lum , et al. · 2024

Equitable deep learning for diabetic retinopathy detection using multi-dimensional retinal imaging with fair adaptive scaling: a retrospective study Open

Min Shi, Muhammad Muneeb Afzal, Hao Huang, Congcong Wen, Yan Luo , et al. · 2024

Summary Background As deep learning becomes increasingly accessible for automated detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR), questions persist regarding its performance equity among diverse identity groups. We aimed to explore the fairness of…

Factors Contributing to Disparities in Visual Acuity Prior To Cataract Surgery: An IRIS® Registry Analysis Open

Anja Lorch, Sarah Manz, Joshua B. Gilbert, Connor Ross, Tobias Elze , et al. · 2024

Purpose Access to and utilization of cataract surgery varies nationally. The purpose of this study was to characterize sociodemographic factors that predict best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at the time of cataract surgery. Design: Retro…

FairCLIP: Harnessing Fairness in Vision-Language Learning Open

Yan Luo, Min Shi, Muhammad Osama Khan, Muhammad Muneeb Afzal, Hao Huang , et al. · 2024

Fairness is a critical concern in deep learning, especially in healthcare, where these models influence diagnoses and treatment decisions. Although fairness has been investigated in the vision-only domain, the fairness of medical vision-la…

Polygenic Risk Scores for Glaucoma Onset in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study Open

Rishabh K. Singh, Ivy Yan Zhao, Tobias Elze, John H. Fingert, Mae O. Gordon , et al. · 2024

Importance Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a highly heritable disease, with 127 identified risk loci to date. Polygenic risk score (PRS) may provide a clinically useful measure of aggregate genetic burden and improve patient risk str…

Machine Learning–Derived Baseline Visual Field Patterns Predict Future Glaucoma Onset in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study Open

Rishabh K. Singh, Sophie Smith, John H. Fingert, Mae O. Gordon, Michael A. Kass , et al. · 2024

Baseline VFs, prior to detectable glaucomatous damage, contain occult patterns representing early changes that may increase the risk of POAG onset and VF progression in patients with ocular hypertension. The relationship between PSD and PO…

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