Explanipedia

AI-driven Mental Health Decision Support Enhances Clinician Resilience and Preparedness Open

Margareta-Theodora Mircea, Jessica McFadyen, Ross Harper, Max Rollwage, Tobias U. Hauser · 2025

Objectives Mental health services are facing unprecedented demand, placing significant pressure on clinicians to conduct timely and effective patient assessments. Rising staff turnover and burnout threatens service quality across many coun…

Early signs of depression and anxiety disorders in the young using digital biomarkers – Study protocol of a multi-method measurement burst study Open

Nadine Schmitt, Lennart Seizer, Andreas Triantafyllopoulos, Marlen Hallbauer, Michael Mroß , et al. · 2025

The prevalence of mental disorders, with depression and anxiety disorders being the most common, has been rising for years and particularly impacting adolescents. This trend was further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Structural barr…

Cortical Microstructural Variations Explain Individual Differences in Gamified Exploration-Exploitation Behaviours Open

Ashley Tyrer, Niia Nikolova, Magda Dubois, Leah Banellis, Melina Vejlø , et al. · 2025

The exploration-exploitation trade-off is ubiquitous in our everyday lives, and individuals display considerable variability in their preferred decision-making strategies. Most previous work pertaining to neural signatures of exploration i…

The metacognitive paradox of OCD: confidence is globally reduced but shows increasedsensitivity to local evidence Open

Alisa M. Loosen, Brian A. Zaboski, A. Moore, Calvin Bohner, Helen Pushkarskaya , et al. · 2025

Confidence is a critical metacognitive signal that guides performance. Biases in confidence, such as excessive doubt, are hallmark features of mental health disorders, especially obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD). Yet, the underlying ne…

cpm: a python library for theory-driven modelling in computational psychiatry Open

Lenard Dome, Bernardo Wagner, Kenza Kadri, Tobias U. Hauser, Andrew Webb · 2025

The Computational Psychiatry Modelling (cpm) toolbox is a Python library fortheory-driven modelling in computational psychiatry and cognitive (neuro-)science. cpmintegrates a wide range of established computational approaches in a single f…

Metacognitive antecedents to states of mental ill-health: Drops in confidence precede symptoms of OCD Open

Aleya A. Marzuki, Luca Kosina, Lenard Dome, Sam Hewitt, Tobias U. Hauser · 2025

Mental health symptoms, like those in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), show pronounced fluctuations over time. However, little is known about the underlying factors driving these fluctuations. Whilst theoretical accounts propose that c…

When Collaboration Falters, Insensitivity to How Our Actions Affect Others Drives Inflated Self-evaluations Open

Michael Moutoussis, Meera Gosalia, Geert‐Jan Will, Giles W. Story, Tobias U. Hauser , et al. · 2025

During high-stake interactions, people not only evaluate policies or outcomes, but also themselves and others. Such evaluations may be crucial for long-term outcomes, such as harmonious marriage, confident leadership and indeed mental heal…

Insensitivity to how our actions affect others drives inflated self-evaluations during interactions which involve both shared and conflicting goals. Open

Michael Moutoussis, Meera Gosalia, Geert‐Jan Will, Giles W. Story, Tobias U. Hauser , et al. · 2025

Receiving affirmation, whether from ourselves or others, is crucial for interpersonal relationships and goes awry in mental disorders. Meaningful evaluations emerge during interactions, where people can support or let each other down. Howe…

Learning training as a cognitive restructuring intervention Open

Agnes Norbury, Quentin Dercon, Tobias U. Hauser, Raymond J. Dolan, Quentin J. M. Huys · 2025

A core part of cognitive therapy for low mood is learning to identify and challenge negative beliefs. However, it is currently unclear whether improved ability to recognise such beliefs, and the biased interpretations of events which may m…

Learning Training as a Cognitive Restructuring Intervention Open

Agnes Norbury, Quentin Dercon, Tobias U. Hauser, Raymond J. Dolan, Quentin J. M. Huys · 2025

We suggest that personalized training, in conjunction with feedback based on interpretable computational model output, may provide a useful form of augmentation or learning support tool during therapy.

Author Correction: The impact of the initial COVID-19 outbreak on young adults’ mental health: a longitudinal study of risk and resilience factors Open

Anna Wiedemann, Jan Štochl, Sharon Neufeld, Jessica Fritz, Junaid Bhatti , et al. · 2025

Day-to-day fluctuations in motivation drive effort-based decision-making Open

Sam Hewitt, Agnes Norbury, Quentin J. M. Huys, Tobias U. Hauser · 2025

Internal states like motivation fluctuate substantially over time. However, studies of the neurocomputational mechanims of motivated behavior have failed to capture this. Here, we examined how naturalistic ups and downs in state motivation…

Conduct Disorder Is Associated With Heightened Action Initiation and Reduced Learning From Punishment but Not Reward Open

Ruth Pauli, Inti A. Brazil, Gregor Kohls, Tobias U. Hauser, Lisa Gistelinck , et al. · 2025

These findings provide empirical support for a reduced ability to learn from punishment in CD, while reward learning is typical. Our results also suggest that behaviors that appear superficially to reflect reward learning differences may r…

Generative AI–Enabled Therapy Support Tool for Improved Clinical Outcomes and Patient Engagement in Group Therapy: Real-World Observational Study Open

Johanna Habicht, Larisa-Maria Dina, Jessica McFadyen, Mona Stylianou, Ross Harper , et al. · 2025

Background Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a highly effective treatment for depression and anxiety disorders. Nonetheless, a substantial proportion of patients do not respond to treatment. The lack of engagement with therapeutic mate…

Metacognitive biases in anxiety-depression and compulsivity extend across perception and memory Open

Tricia XF Seow, Stephen J. Fleming, Tobias U. Hauser · 2025

Metacognitive biases are characteristic of common mental health disorders like depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, recent transdiagnostic approaches consistently contradict traditional clinical studies, with overco…

Biased replay of aversive and uncertain outcomes underlies irrational decision making Open

Tricia XF Seow, Jessica McFadyen, Raymond J. Dolan, Tobias U. Hauser · 2025

Humans often make irrational decisions when facing uncertain or aversive future events despite careful deliberation. How we make choices, including irrational ones, has been the object of extensive study both behaviourally and neurally and…

The Limbic Layer: Transforming Large Language Models (LLMs) into Clinical Mental Health Experts Open

Max Rollwage, Keno Juchems, Sashank Pisupati, George Prichard, Adam G. Balogh , et al. · 2024

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools with potential applications across multiple sectors, including healthcare, where resource constraints make efficiency gains particularly valuable. However, the domain of mental he…

AI-Enabled Conversational Agent Improves Treatment Outcomes and Patient Engagement in 1:1 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT): A Real-World Observational Study Open

Johanna Habicht, Jessica McFadyen, Ross Harper, Tobias U. Hauser, Max Rollwage · 2024

The importance of supporting mental well-being is increasingly critical, but patient engagement in psychological talking therapy remains a challenge. To address this, we developed an AI-enabled therapy support tool designed to offer therap…

Indecision and recency-weighted evidence integration in non-clinical and clinical settings Open

Magdalena del Río, Nadescha Trudel, Gita Prabhu, Laurence T. Hunt, Michael Moutoussis , et al. · 2024

Biases in information gathering are common in the general population and can reach pathological extremes in paralysing indecisiveness, as in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Here, we adopt a new perspective on information gathering and…

Insensitivity to how our actions affect others drives inflated self-evaluations during interactions which involve both shared and conflicting goals. Open

Michael Moutoussis, Meera Gosalia, Geert‐Jan Will, Giles W. Story, Tobias U. Hauser , et al. · 2024

Receiving affirmation, whether from ourselves or others, is crucial for interpersonal relationships and goes awry in mental disorders. Meaningful evaluations emerge during interactions, where people can support or let each other down. Howe…

AI-enabled conversational agent increases engagement with cognitive-behavioral therapy: A randomized controlled trial Open

Jessica McFadyen, Johanna Habicht, Larisa-Maria Dina, Ross Harper, Tobias U. Hauser , et al. · 2024

Timely support after referral to mental healthcare is crucial, yet patients often face prolonged wait times without intervention. Digital mental health interventions offer scalable solutions, but many struggle to achieve acceptable patient…

Naturalistic assessments across the lifespan: Systematic review of inhibition measures in ecological settings Open

Larisa-Maria Dina, Tim J. Smith, Tobias U. Hauser, Eleanor J. Dommett · 2024

Inhibitory control is essential for our everyday lives. Despite this, it is commonly assessed using non-naturalistic assessments. In this systematic review, we argue for the importance of taking an ecological approach to assess cognition. …

Day-to-day fluctuations in motivation drive effort-based choices Open

Sam Hewitt, Agnes Norbury, Quentin JM Huys, Tobias U. Hauser · 2024

Internal states like motivation fluctuate substantially over time. However, studies of the neurocomputational mechanims of motivated behaviour have failed to capture this. Here, we examined how naturalistic ups and downs in state motivatio…

Human adolescent brain similarity development is different for paralimbic versus neocortical zones Open

Lena Dorfschmidt, František Váša, Simon R. White, Rafael Romero-García, Manfred G. Kitzbichler , et al. · 2024

Adolescent development of human brain structural and functional networks is increasingly recognized as fundamental to emergence of typical and atypical adult cognitive and emotional processes. We analysed multimodal magnetic resonance imag…

Distinct alterations in probabilistic reversal learning across at-risk mental state, first episode psychosis and persistent schizophrenia Open

J D Griffin, Kelly Diederen, Joost Haarsma, I. C. Jarratt Barnham, Benjamin Cook , et al. · 2024

Information gathering: Dissociable effects of autistic and alexithymic traits in youths aged 6–25 years. Open

Ka Shu Lee, Emily L Long, Caroline Catmur, Tobias U. Hauser, Geoffrey Bird · 2024

Autistic youths tend to react negatively to uncertain events. Little is known about the cognitive processes associated with this intolerance of uncertainty, most notably the tendency to actively gather information to minimize uncertainty. …

Conduct disorder is associated with heightened action initiation and reduced learning from punishment but not reward Open

Ruth Pauli, Inti A. Brazil, Gregor Kohls, Tobias U. Hauser, Lisa Gistelinck , et al. · 2024

Theoretical and empirical accounts of conduct disorder (CD) suggest problems with reinforcement learning as well as heightened impulsivity. These two facets can manifest in similar behaviour, such as risk-taking. Computational models that …

Conduct disorder is associated with heightened action initiation and reduced learning from punishment but not reward Open

Ruth Pauli, Inti A. Brazil, Gregor Kohls, Tobias U. Hauser, Lisa Gistelinck , et al. · 2024

Theoretical and empirical accounts of conduct disorder (CD) suggest problems with reinforcement learning as well as heightened impulsivity. These two facets can manifest in similar behaviour, such as risk-taking. Computational models that …

Consistency within change: Evaluating the psychometric properties of a widely used predictive-inference task Open

Alisa M. Loosen, Tricia XF Seow, Tobias U. Hauser · 2024

Shock to Thrill: Linking Sensation and Information Seeking Open

Ern Wong, Tobias U. Hauser, Pietro Pietrini, Charley M. Wu · 2024

Sensation-seeking (SS) is characterised by a proclivity for intense experiences and disregard for potential aversive consequences. While SS is implicated as a vulnerability factor in various mental disorders, the underlying mechanisms rema…

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