Todd D. Swarthout
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View article: Serotype distribution and coverage by pneumococcal vaccines in hospitalized adults with pneumococcal pneumonia in Germany
Serotype distribution and coverage by pneumococcal vaccines in hospitalized adults with pneumococcal pneumonia in Germany Open
Introduction Understanding the prevalence of pneumococcal serotypes in hospitalized patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is critical for vaccine development and implementation of future public health policies. Pneumococcal conj…
View article: Urine bioassay optimisation to assess the association between antimicrobial exposure, pneumococcal carriage and antimicrobial resistance among hospitalised children in Malawi
Urine bioassay optimisation to assess the association between antimicrobial exposure, pneumococcal carriage and antimicrobial resistance among hospitalised children in Malawi Open
View article: Within-host genetic diversity of pneumococcal serotype 3 during one-year prolonged carriage in a healthy adult
Within-host genetic diversity of pneumococcal serotype 3 during one-year prolonged carriage in a healthy adult Open
Streptococcus pneumoniae adapts within hosts through genetic variation and genome plasticity, facilitating persistence under antibiotic and immune pressures. Here, we investigated a prolonged pneumococcal carriage episode (>337 days) in a …
View article: High Propensity for Multidrug-Resistant Pneumococcal Shedding Among Adults Living With HIV on Stable Antiretroviral Therapy in Malawi
High Propensity for Multidrug-Resistant Pneumococcal Shedding Among Adults Living With HIV on Stable Antiretroviral Therapy in Malawi Open
Background People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) are still at risk of pneumococcal disease and have over 2-fold higher pneumococcal carriage prevalence than HIV-uninfected (HIV−) adult…
View article: Rationale and design of the Pneumococcal Pneumonia Epidemiology, Urine Serotyping and Mental Outcomes (PNEUMO) study Europe
Rationale and design of the Pneumococcal Pneumonia Epidemiology, Urine Serotyping and Mental Outcomes (PNEUMO) study Europe Open
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a major global contributor of human morbidity and mortality, with Streptococcus pneumoniae as the leading bacterial cause across all ages. While pneumococcal vaccines reduce the impact of pneumoco…
View article: Long-term effects of azithromycin mass administration to reduce childhood mortality on Streptococcus pneumoniae antimicrobial resistance: a population-based, cross-sectional, follow-up carriage survey
Long-term effects of azithromycin mass administration to reduce childhood mortality on Streptococcus pneumoniae antimicrobial resistance: a population-based, cross-sectional, follow-up carriage survey Open
The Gates Foundation, the National Institute for Health and Care Research, and the Wellcome Trust.
View article: Within-host pneumococcal serotype 3 genetic diversity and evolution during a one-year prolonged carriage episode in a healthy adult
Within-host pneumococcal serotype 3 genetic diversity and evolution during a one-year prolonged carriage episode in a healthy adult Open
Streptococcus pneumoniae can rapidly evolve within hosts through genetic mutations, recombination, and mobile genetic elements, enabling adaptation to antibiotics and immune pressures. Here, we detail a longitudinal phenotypic and genomic …
View article: Correction to: Radiographically confirmed pneumonia in Malawian children and associated Pneumococcal carriage after introduction of the 13-valent Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
Correction to: Radiographically confirmed pneumonia in Malawian children and associated Pneumococcal carriage after introduction of the 13-valent Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Open
View article: Serotype-specific pneumococcal invasiveness: a global meta-analysis of paired estimates of disease incidence and carriage prevalence
Serotype-specific pneumococcal invasiveness: a global meta-analysis of paired estimates of disease incidence and carriage prevalence Open
Background Serotype-specific estimates of pneumococcal invasiveness used in pneumococcal carriage transmission models to predict changes in disease incidence post-vaccination are largely derived from high-income settings. We conducted a sy…
View article: 19 Nasopharyngeal resistome under antibiotic pressure; the long-term effects of mass drug administration (MDA) of azithromycin to pre-school children in Malawi
19 Nasopharyngeal resistome under antibiotic pressure; the long-term effects of mass drug administration (MDA) of azithromycin to pre-school children in Malawi Open
View article: Long Term Effects of Azithromycin Mass Administration to Reduce Childhood Mortality on Streptococcus Pneumoniae Antimicrobial Resistance Following a Community-Randomised Trial
Long Term Effects of Azithromycin Mass Administration to Reduce Childhood Mortality on Streptococcus Pneumoniae Antimicrobial Resistance Following a Community-Randomised Trial Open
View article: Characterising<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>Transmission Patterns in Malawi Through Genomic and Statistical Modelling
Characterising<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>Transmission Patterns in Malawi Through Genomic and Statistical Modelling Open
Controlling the carriage and transmission of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children from high- disease burden countries is crucial for disease prevention. To assess the rate of spread, and the factors associated with the high frequency of tr…
View article: Evaluating methods for identifying and quantifying <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> co-colonization using next-generation sequencing data
Evaluating methods for identifying and quantifying <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> co-colonization using next-generation sequencing data Open
Detection of multiple pneumococcal serotype carriage can enhance monitoring of pneumococcal vaccine impact, particularly among high-burden childhood populations. We assessed methods for identifying co-carriage of pneumococcal serotypes fro…
View article: Radiographically confirmed pneumonia in Malawian children and associated pneumococcal carriage after introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
Radiographically confirmed pneumonia in Malawian children and associated pneumococcal carriage after introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Open
Carriage of S. pneumoniae remains high among children hospitalized with ARI in Malawi, but children with VT carriage were no more likely to have PEP than children carrying no pneumococcus or those with NVT carriage. There were no differenc…
View article: Expansion of pneumococcal serotype 23F and 14 lineages with genotypic changes in capsule polysaccharide locus and virulence gene profiles post introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Blantyre, Malawi
Expansion of pneumococcal serotype 23F and 14 lineages with genotypic changes in capsule polysaccharide locus and virulence gene profiles post introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Blantyre, Malawi Open
Since the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in Malawi in 2011, there has been persistent carriage of vaccine serotype (VT) Streptococcus pneumoniae , despite high vaccine coverage. To determine if there h…
View article: Expansion of pneumococcal serotype 23F and 14 lineages with genotypic changes in capsule polysaccharide locus and virulence gene profiles post introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Blantyre, Malawi
Expansion of pneumococcal serotype 23F and 14 lineages with genotypic changes in capsule polysaccharide locus and virulence gene profiles post introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Blantyre, Malawi Open
Since the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in Malawi in 2011, there has been persistent carriage of vaccine serotype (VT) Streptococcus pneumoniae , despite high vaccine coverage. To determine if there h…
View article: Clonal Expansion of a <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> Serotype 3 Capsule Variant Sequence Type 700 With Enhanced Vaccine Escape Potential After 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction
Clonal Expansion of a <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> Serotype 3 Capsule Variant Sequence Type 700 With Enhanced Vaccine Escape Potential After 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction Open
Background Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 remains a problem globally. Malawi introduced 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in 2011, but there has been no direct protection against serotype 3 carriage. We explored whether…
View article: The metabolic, virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of colonising Streptococcus pneumoniae shift after PCV13 introduction in urban Malawi
The metabolic, virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of colonising Streptococcus pneumoniae shift after PCV13 introduction in urban Malawi Open
Streptococcus pneumoniae causes substantial mortality among children under 5-years-old worldwide. Polysaccharide conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are highly effective at reducing vaccine serotype disease, but emergence of non-vaccine serotypes an…
View article: Cross-sectional health centre and community-based evaluation of the impact of pneumococcal and malaria vaccination on antibiotic prescription and usage, febrile illness and antimicrobial resistance in young children in Malawi: the IVAR study protocol
Cross-sectional health centre and community-based evaluation of the impact of pneumococcal and malaria vaccination on antibiotic prescription and usage, febrile illness and antimicrobial resistance in young children in Malawi: the IVAR study protocol Open
Introduction Vaccination is a potentially critical component of efforts to arrest development and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), though little is known about vaccination impact within low-income and middle-income countrie…
View article: Different clinical features in Malawian outpatients presenting with COVID-19 prior to and during Omicron variant dominance: A prospective observational study
Different clinical features in Malawian outpatients presenting with COVID-19 prior to and during Omicron variant dominance: A prospective observational study Open
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has resulted in a high number of cases, but a relatively low incidence of severe disease and deaths, compared to the pre-Omicron variants. Therefore, we assessed the differences in symptom prevalence between …
View article: Optimal age targeting for pneumococcal vaccination in older adults; a modelling study
Optimal age targeting for pneumococcal vaccination in older adults; a modelling study Open
View article: A comparison of four epidemic waves of COVID-19 in Malawi; an observational cohort study
A comparison of four epidemic waves of COVID-19 in Malawi; an observational cohort study Open
Background Compared to the abundance of clinical and genomic information available on patients hospitalised with COVID-19 disease from high-income countries, there is a paucity of data from low-income countries. Our aim was to explore the …
View article: Invasiveness potential of pneumococcal serotypes in children after introduction of PCV13 in Blantyre, Malawi
Invasiveness potential of pneumococcal serotypes in children after introduction of PCV13 in Blantyre, Malawi Open
View article: Omicron B.1.1.529 variant infections associated with severe disease are uncommon in a COVID-19 under-vaccinated, high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence population in Malawi
Omicron B.1.1.529 variant infections associated with severe disease are uncommon in a COVID-19 under-vaccinated, high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence population in Malawi Open
Supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-039481).
View article: Optimal age targeting for pneumococcal vaccination in older adults; a modelling study
Optimal age targeting for pneumococcal vaccination in older adults; a modelling study Open
Background Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) risk increases with age for older adults whereas the population size benefiting from pneumococcal vaccines and the robustness of the immunogenic response to vaccination decline. This poses a c…
View article: Frequent shedding of multi-drug resistant pneumococci among adults living with HIV on suppressive antiretroviral therapy in Malawi
Frequent shedding of multi-drug resistant pneumococci among adults living with HIV on suppressive antiretroviral therapy in Malawi Open
People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) are reported to have three times higher carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae than their HIV-uninfected counterparts in point prevalence studies. Using …
View article: Quality of antibody responses by adults and young children to 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation
Quality of antibody responses by adults and young children to 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation Open
View article: Waning of antibody levels induced by a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, using a 3 + 0 schedule, within the first year of life among children younger than 5 years in Blantyre, Malawi: an observational, population-level, serosurveillance study
Waning of antibody levels induced by a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, using a 3 + 0 schedule, within the first year of life among children younger than 5 years in Blantyre, Malawi: an observational, population-level, serosurveillance study Open
View article: Omicron B.1.1.529 variant infections associated with severe disease are uncommon in a COVID-19 under-vaccinated, high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence population in Malawi
Omicron B.1.1.529 variant infections associated with severe disease are uncommon in a COVID-19 under-vaccinated, high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence population in Malawi Open
Background The B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in the fourth COVID-19 pandemic wave across the southern African region, including Malawi. The seroprevalence of SARS-C…
View article: Risk factors for pneumococcal carriage in adults living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in the infant pneumococcal vaccine era in Malawi
Risk factors for pneumococcal carriage in adults living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in the infant pneumococcal vaccine era in Malawi Open
Objective: Adults living with HIV (ALWHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) are at high risk of pneumococcal carriage and disease. To help evaluate carriage risk in African ALWHIV at least 4 years after infant pneumococcal conjugate vaccina…