Todd Karin
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View article: Analyzing the impact of design factors on solar module thermomechanical durability using interpretable machine learning techniques
Analyzing the impact of design factors on solar module thermomechanical durability using interpretable machine learning techniques Open
Solar modules in utility-scale systems are expected to maintain decades of lifetime to rival conventional energy sources. However, cyclic thermomechanical loading often degrades their long-term performance, highlighting the importance of e…
View article: Partial discharge transducer
Partial discharge transducer Open
A partial discharge (PD) transducer that includes a PD sensor configured to sense a PD event of an electrical system. At least one light emitting device (LED) is arranged in series with the PD sensor. The LED is configured to receive the e…
View article: Analyzing the Impact of Design Factors on Solar Module Thermomechanical Durability Using Interpretable Machine Learning Techniques
Analyzing the Impact of Design Factors on Solar Module Thermomechanical Durability Using Interpretable Machine Learning Techniques Open
Solar modules in utility-scale systems are expected to maintain decades of lifetime to rival conventional energy sources. However, cyclic thermomechanical loading often degrades their long-term performance, highlighting the importance of e…
View article: Fiber optic sensing system for grid-based assets
Fiber optic sensing system for grid-based assets Open
A sensor system includes a sensor network comprising at least one optical fiber having one or more optical sensors. At least one of the optical sensors is arranged to sense vibration of an electrical device and to produce a time variation …
View article: Partial discharge sensor
Partial discharge sensor Open
An approach to detecting partial discharge events involves retrofitting an electrical system to include a capacitive sensor configured to capacitively sense partial discharge events of a component of the electrical system. The capacitive s…
View article: Optical monitoring to detect corrosion of power grid components
Optical monitoring to detect corrosion of power grid components Open
A corrosion monitoring system includes one or more objects coupled to respective portions of a transformer tank. The one or more objects are configured to corrode before the respective portions of the transformer tank. At least one optical…
View article: Determining circuit model parameters from operation data for PV system degradation analysis: PVPRO
Determining circuit model parameters from operation data for PV system degradation analysis: PVPRO Open
Physics-based circuit parameters like series and shunt resistance are essential to provide insights into the degradation status of photovoltaic (PV) arrays. However, calculating these parameters typically requires a full current–voltage ch…
View article: Automatic Crack Segmentation and Feature Extraction in Electroluminescence Images of Solar Modules
Automatic Crack Segmentation and Feature Extraction in Electroluminescence Images of Solar Modules Open
The effect of cracks in solar cells on the long-term degradation of photovoltaic (PV) modules remains to be determined. To investigate this effect in future studies, it is necessary to quantitatively describe the crack features (e.g., leng…
View article: Partial discharge detector
Partial discharge detector Open
A partial discharge (PD) detection system includes a PD sensor configured to sense a PD event of an electrical system and to generate a sensor signal in response to the PD event. An envelope generator is coupled to receive the sensor signa…
View article: Photovoltaic module antireflection coating degradation survey using color microscopy and spectral reflectance
Photovoltaic module antireflection coating degradation survey using color microscopy and spectral reflectance Open
Commercial antireflective coatings (ARCs) on photovoltaic (PV) module glass can improve module power by 2.5%–3.0%, but their long‐term field performance requires additional study. In this paper, we investigate ARC performance on fielded mo…
View article: A Benchmark for Crack Segmentation in Electroluminescence Images
A Benchmark for Crack Segmentation in Electroluminescence Images Open
This public dataset contains electroluminescence images of solar cells and crack annotations, which can be used for developing semantic segmentation model to detect cracks in solar modules.
View article: Assessing Machine Learning as a Tool to Explain Variance in Deployed Photovoltaic (PV) System Degradation
Assessing Machine Learning as a Tool to Explain Variance in Deployed Photovoltaic (PV) System Degradation Open
Degradation remains a large uncertainty in forecasting production for PV plants, creating significant risk for developers and financiers. This study aims to quantify the distribution and drivers of degradation across 10,000 PV systems depl…
View article: Optical spin control and coherence properties of acceptor bound holes in strained GaAs
Optical spin control and coherence properties of acceptor bound holes in strained GaAs Open
Hole spins in semiconductors are a potential qubit alternative to electron\nspins. In nuclear-spin-rich host crystals like GaAs, the hyperfine interaction\nof hole spins with nuclei is considerably weaker than that for electrons,\nleading …
View article: Nondestructive Characterization of Antireflective Coatings on PV Modules
Nondestructive Characterization of Antireflective Coatings on PV Modules Open
Antireflective coatings (ARCs) are used on the vast majority of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules to increase power production. However, ARC longevity can vary from less than 1 to over 15 years depending on coating quality and deployment con…
View article: toddkarin/global-land-mask: Release of version 1.0.0
toddkarin/global-land-mask: Release of version 1.0.0 Open
Ready for prime-time! There are no changes from 0.0.3.
View article: Low-Cost Embedded Optical Sensing Systems For Distribution Transformer Monitoring
Low-Cost Embedded Optical Sensing Systems For Distribution Transformer Monitoring Open
There is a mounting need for low-cost monitoring with online sensing technologies to maintain grid reliability and uptime. Here we introduce an innovative low-cost, embedded optical sensing technology initially focused on transformers that…
View article: Photovoltaic String Sizing Using Site-Specific Modeling
Photovoltaic String Sizing Using Site-Specific Modeling Open
One key design decision for photovoltaic (PV) power plants is to select the number of PV modules connected in series, also called the string size. Longer strings typically lower total system costs, but the string size must still meet relev…
View article: Geographic Assessment of Photovoltaic Module Environmental Degradation Stressors
Geographic Assessment of Photovoltaic Module Environmental Degradation Stressors Open
Environmental stress can degrade photovoltiac (PV) modules. We perform a literature search to identify models that estimate the damage caused by exposure to various environmental stressors, including temperature, radiation, and humidity. T…
View article: Longitudinal spin relaxation of donor-bound electrons in direct band-gap semiconductors
Longitudinal spin relaxation of donor-bound electrons in direct band-gap semiconductors Open
We measure the donor-bound electron longitudinal spin-relaxation time ($T_1$)\nas a function of magnetic field ($B$) in three high-purity direct-bandgap\nsemiconductors: GaAs, InP, and CdTe, observing a maximum $T_1$ of\n$1.4~\\text{ms}$, …
View article: Giant permanent dipole moment of two-dimensional excitons bound to a single stacking fault
Giant permanent dipole moment of two-dimensional excitons bound to a single stacking fault Open
We investigate the magneto-optical properties of excitons bound to single\nstacking faults in high-purity GaAs. We find that the two-dimensional stacking\nfault potential binds an exciton composed of an electron and a heavy-hole, and\nconf…
View article: Optical Visualization of Radiative Recombination at Partial Dislocations\n in GaAs
Optical Visualization of Radiative Recombination at Partial Dislocations\n in GaAs Open
Individual dislocations in an ultra-pure GaAs epilayer are investigated with\nspatially and spectrally resolved photoluminescence imaging at 5~K. We find\nthat some dislocations act as strong non-radiative recombination centers, while\noth…
View article: Optical visualization of radiative recombination at partial dislocations in GaAs
Optical visualization of radiative recombination at partial dislocations in GaAs Open
Individual dislocations in an ultra-pure GaAs epilayer are investigated with spatially and spectrally resolved photoluminescence imaging at 5~K. We find that some dislocations act as strong non-radiative recombination centers, while others…
View article: Fundamental properties of 2D excitons bound to single stacking faults in GaAs
Fundamental properties of 2D excitons bound to single stacking faults in GaAs Open
We investigate the fundamental properties of excitons bound to single stacking faults in high-purity GaAs. We find that the two-dimensional stacking fault potential binds an exciton composed of an electron and a heavy-hole, and confirm a v…