Todd M. Bell
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View article: Spatial mapping of influenza and coronavirus receptors in the respiratory and intestinal tract epithelium of beef cattle using advanced PixF image analysis
Spatial mapping of influenza and coronavirus receptors in the respiratory and intestinal tract epithelium of beef cattle using advanced PixF image analysis Open
Influenza A viruses (IAV) and coronaviruses (CoV) pose significant threats to various animal species, including cattle. Reports of SARS-CoV-2 infections and recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI H5N1) in dairy cattle …
View article: Exploring influenza A virus receptor distribution in the lactating mammary gland of domesticated livestock and in human breast tissue
Exploring influenza A virus receptor distribution in the lactating mammary gland of domesticated livestock and in human breast tissue Open
The spread of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus among dairy cattle illustrates the adaptability of influenza A viruses (IAV) to infect non-traditional species. While IAV-specific sialic acid (SA) receptors have been i…
View article: Sialic Acid Receptor Specificity in Mammary Gland of Dairy Cattle Infected with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus
Sialic Acid Receptor Specificity in Mammary Gland of Dairy Cattle Infected with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Open
In March 2024, the US Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service reported detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus in dairy cattle in the United States for the first time. One factor t…
View article: Smallpox lesion characterization in placebo-treated and tecovirimat-treated macaques using traditional and novel methods
Smallpox lesion characterization in placebo-treated and tecovirimat-treated macaques using traditional and novel methods Open
Smallpox was the most rampant infectious disease killer of the 20 th century, yet much remains unknown about the pathogenesis of the variola virus. Using archived tissue from a study conducted at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevent…
View article: Temporal changes in pathology and viral RNA distribution in guinea pigs following separate infection with two New World Arenaviruses
Temporal changes in pathology and viral RNA distribution in guinea pigs following separate infection with two New World Arenaviruses Open
Numerous arenaviruses have been identified throughout the Americas and a subset of these viruses cause viral hemorrhagic fever in humans. This study compared the pathology and viral RNA distribution in Hartley guinea pigs challenged with t…
View article: Evaluation of Virulence in Cynomolgus Macaques Using a Virus Preparation Enriched for the Extracellular Form of Monkeypox Virus
Evaluation of Virulence in Cynomolgus Macaques Using a Virus Preparation Enriched for the Extracellular Form of Monkeypox Virus Open
The 2022 global human monkeypox outbreak emphasizes the importance of maintaining poxvirus research, including enriching a basic understanding of animal models for developing and advancing therapeutics and vaccines. Intravenous administrat…
View article: Detailed analysis of the pathologic hallmarks of Nipah virus (Malaysia) disease in the African green monkey infected by the intratracheal route
Detailed analysis of the pathologic hallmarks of Nipah virus (Malaysia) disease in the African green monkey infected by the intratracheal route Open
Disease associated with Nipah virus infection causes a devastating and often fatal spectrum of syndromes predominated by both respiratory and neurologic conditions. Additionally, neurologic sequelae may manifest months to years later after…
View article: Evaluation of historic and contemporary rehabilitation performance to optimise rehabilitation planning, methodologies and outcomes
Evaluation of historic and contemporary rehabilitation performance to optimise rehabilitation planning, methodologies and outcomes Open
Mine rehabilitation methodologies, objectives, success measures and stakeholder expectations often evolve over the life of a mining operation, as rehabilitation activities are completed, and as a site-and area-specific knowledge base is bu…
View article: Nipah virus persists in the brains of nonhuman primate survivors
Nipah virus persists in the brains of nonhuman primate survivors Open
Nipah virus (NiV) is an emerging zoonotic paramyxovirus that causes highly lethal henipavirus encephalitis in humans. Survivors develop various neurologic sequelae, including late-onset and relapsing encephalitis, several months up to seve…
View article: Immune-Mediated Systemic Vasculitis as the Proposed Cause of Sudden-Onset Sensorineural Hearing Loss following Lassa Virus Exposure in Cynomolgus Macaques
Immune-Mediated Systemic Vasculitis as the Proposed Cause of Sudden-Onset Sensorineural Hearing Loss following Lassa Virus Exposure in Cynomolgus Macaques Open
Lassa virus is one of the most common causes of viral hemorrhagic fever. A frequent, but as yet unexplained, consequence of infection with Lassa virus is acute, sudden-onset sensorineural hearing loss in one or both ears. Deafness is obser…
View article: Coccidioidomycosis in Nonhuman Primates: Pathologic and Clinical Findings
Coccidioidomycosis in Nonhuman Primates: Pathologic and Clinical Findings Open
Coccidioidomycosis in nonhuman primates has been sporadically reported in the literature. This study describes 22 cases of coccidioidomycosis in nonhuman primates within an endemic region, and 79 cases of coccidioidomycosis from the veteri…
View article: Combination Kinase Inhibitor Treatment Suppresses Rift Valley Fever Virus Replication
Combination Kinase Inhibitor Treatment Suppresses Rift Valley Fever Virus Replication Open
Viruses must parasitize host cell translational machinery in order to make proteins for viral progeny. In this study, we sought to use this signal transduction conduit against them by inhibiting multiple kinases that influence translation.…
View article: A DNA vaccine delivered by dermal electroporation fully protects cynomolgus macaques against Lassa fever
A DNA vaccine delivered by dermal electroporation fully protects cynomolgus macaques against Lassa fever Open
Lassa virus (LASV) is an ambisense RNA virus in the Arenaviridae family and is the etiological agent of Lassa fever, a severe hemorrhagic disease endemic to West and Central Africa. 1,2 There are no US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-li…
View article: Temporal Progression of Lesions in Guinea Pigs Infected With Lassa Virus
Temporal Progression of Lesions in Guinea Pigs Infected With Lassa Virus Open
Lassa virus (LASV) infection causes an acute, multisystemic viral hemorrhagic fever that annually infects an estimated 100 000 to 300 000 persons in West Africa. This pathogenesis study evaluated the temporal progression of disease in guin…
View article: Ablation of Programmed −1 Ribosomal Frameshifting in Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Results in Attenuated Neuropathogenicity
Ablation of Programmed −1 Ribosomal Frameshifting in Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Results in Attenuated Neuropathogenicity Open
The alphaviruses Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), and western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) are arthropod-borne positive-strand RNA viruses that are capable of causing acute and fata…
View article: Depletion of Alveolar Macrophages Does Not Prevent Hantavirus Disease Pathogenesis in Golden Syrian Hamsters
Depletion of Alveolar Macrophages Does Not Prevent Hantavirus Disease Pathogenesis in Golden Syrian Hamsters Open
Andes virus (ANDV) is associated with a lethal vascular leak syndrome in humans termed hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). The mechanism for the massive vascular leakage associated with HPS is poorly understood; however, dysregulation of …
View article: Infectious NiV in Throat, Nasal, and Rectal Swab Samples.
Infectious NiV in Throat, Nasal, and Rectal Swab Samples. Open
PID = post infection day.Infectious NiV in Throat, Nasal, and Rectal Swab Samples.
View article: Viral RNA in PBMC and throat, nasal, and rectal swabs as measured by qRT-PCR.
Viral RNA in PBMC and throat, nasal, and rectal swabs as measured by qRT-PCR. Open
NiV-specific qRT-PCR was performed on RNA extracted from PBMC samples and throat, nasal, and rectal swab clarified homogenates. The results for PBMC samples are shown in (A); black lines and symbols represent animals that succumbed, and gr…
View article: Detailed Analysis of the African Green Monkey Model of Nipah Virus Disease
Detailed Analysis of the African Green Monkey Model of Nipah Virus Disease Open
Henipaviruses are implicated in severe and frequently fatal pneumonia and encephalitis in humans. There are no approved vaccines or treatments available for human use, and testing of candidates requires the use of well-characterized animal…