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View article: Cosmic ray contributions from rapidly rotating stellar mass black holes: Cosmic Ray GeV to EeV proton and anti-proton sources
Cosmic ray contributions from rapidly rotating stellar mass black holes: Cosmic Ray GeV to EeV proton and anti-proton sources Open
In Radio Super Novae (RSNe) a magnetic field of $(B \, \times \, r) \, = \, 10^{16.0 \pm 0.12} \, {\rm Gauss \, \times \, cm}$ is observed; these are the same numbers for Blue Super Giant (BSG) star explosions as for Red Super Giant (RSG) …
View article: Loaded layer-cake model for cosmic ray interaction around exploding super-giant stars making black holes
Loaded layer-cake model for cosmic ray interaction around exploding super-giant stars making black holes Open
The AMS experiment on the International Space Station has provided detailed cosmic ray spectra for various elements, revealing that interactions significantly reduce fluxes up to about 100 GV rigidity. This necessitates revisiting current …
View article: A two-step strategy to identify episodic sources of gravitational waves and high-energy neutrinos in starburst galaxies
A two-step strategy to identify episodic sources of gravitational waves and high-energy neutrinos in starburst galaxies Open
Supermassive black hole (BH) mergers with spin-flips accelerate energetic particles through their relativistic precessing jets, producing high-energy neutrinos and finally gravitational waves (GWs). In star formation, massive stars form in…
View article: Neutrino Astronomy in the IceCube Era
Neutrino Astronomy in the IceCube Era Open
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is build to detect high energy neutrinos generated in different\npowerful astrophysical objects in the Universe. We describe the observatory, different types of\nevents it has detected, and some of the sour…
View article: Hadronic interaction model sibyll 2.3d and extensive air showers
Hadronic interaction model sibyll 2.3d and extensive air showers Open
We present a new version of the hadron interaction event generator Sibyll. While the core ideas of the model have been preserved, the new version handles the production of baryon pairs and leading particles in a new way. In addition, produ…
View article: The hadronic interaction model Sibyll 2.3c and muon production in extensive air-showers
The hadronic interaction model Sibyll 2.3c and muon production in extensive air-showers Open
One of the applications of the hadronic interaction model Sibyll is the simulation of extensive air showers of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. In recent years it has become more and more clear that simulations do not agree with measurements…
View article: The hadronic interaction model SIBYLL 2.3c and Feynman scaling
The hadronic interaction model SIBYLL 2.3c and Feynman scaling Open
The Monte Carlo model Sibyll has been designed for efficient simulation of hadronic multiparticle production up to the highest energies as needed for interpreting cosmic ray measurements. For more than 15 years, version 2.1 of Sibyll has b…
View article: Neutrino Astronomy in the IceCube Era
Neutrino Astronomy in the IceCube Era Open
We present the results from four years detection of the IceCube neutrino observatory of high energy astrophysical neutrinos. The search for such neutrinos and their sources is an extremely important part for the search of very powerful ast…
View article: The hadronic interaction model Sibyll 2.3c and Feynman scaling
The hadronic interaction model Sibyll 2.3c and Feynman scaling Open
The Monte Carlo model Sibyll has been designed for efficient simulation of hadronic multiparticle production up to the highest energies as needed for interpreting cosmic ray measurements. For more than 15 years, version 2.1 of Sibyll has b…
View article: Data-driven model of the cosmic-ray flux and mass composition from 10 GeV to $10^{11}$ GeV
Data-driven model of the cosmic-ray flux and mass composition from 10 GeV to $10^{11}$ GeV Open
We present a new parametrization of the cosmic-ray flux and its mass composition over an energy range from 10 GeV to $10^{11}$ GeV. Our approach is data-driven and relies on theoretical assumptions as little as possible. We combine measure…
View article: A state-of-the-art calculation of atmospheric lepton fluxes
A state-of-the-art calculation of atmospheric lepton fluxes Open
Atmospheric leptons are of continuous interest for several scientific communities. At low and intermediate energies, atmospheric neutrinos are the signal for studies of fundamental neutrino properties and at high energies, they constitute …
View article: Data-driven model of the cosmic-ray flux and mass composition from 10 GeV to $\mathrm10^{11}$ GeV
Data-driven model of the cosmic-ray flux and mass composition from 10 GeV to $\mathrm10^{11}$ GeV Open
We present a new parametrization of the cosmic-ray flux and its mass composition over an energy range from 10 GeV to $10^{11}$ GeV. Our approach is data-driven and relies on theoretical assumptions as little as possible. We combine measure…
View article: The hadronic interaction model Sibyll – past, present and future
The hadronic interaction model Sibyll – past, present and future Open
Sibyll is one of the first microscopic interaction models that was specifically developed for interpreting cosmic ray data. It combines non-perturbative concepts of simulating hadronic particle production with predictions derived from pert…
View article: The Nature and Origin of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray Particles
The Nature and Origin of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray Particles Open
We outline two concepts to explain Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs), one based on radio galaxies and their relativistic jets and terminal hot spots, and one based on relativistic Super-Novae (SNe) or Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) in starbu…
View article: A new version of the event generator Sibyll
A new version of the event generator Sibyll Open
The event generator Sibyll can be used for the simulation of hadronic multiparticle production up to the highest cosmic ray energies. It is optimized for providing an economic description of those aspects of the expected hadronic final sta…
View article: MCEq - numerical code for inclusive lepton flux calculations
MCEq - numerical code for inclusive lepton flux calculations Open
Calculations of atmospheric lepton spectra at very high energy experience a revived interest after\nthe detection of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux by the IceCube observatory. In order\nto determine its spectral index and normaliz…
View article: High Energy Astrophysical Neutrino Signals
High Energy Astrophysical Neutrino Signals Open
The goal of this paper is to give a popular account for the high energy astrophysical neutrinos detected by the IceCube Collaboration.We start with a discussion of the importance of the detection of astrophysical neutrinos and of the atmos…
View article: A new version of the event generator Sibyll
A new version of the event generator Sibyll Open
The event generator Sibyll can be used for the simulation of hadronic multiparticle production up to the highest cosmic ray energies. It is optimized for providing an economic description of those aspects of the expected hadronic final sta…
View article: Particle Theory & Cosmology
Particle Theory & Cosmology Open
1. Executive Summary (April 1, 2012 - March 31, 2015) Title: Particle Theory, Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Qaisar Shafi University of Delaware (Principal Investigator) Stephen M. Barr, University of Delaware (Co-Principal Investigat…
View article: Charm production in SIBYLL
Charm production in SIBYLL Open
SIBYLL 2.1 is an event generator for hadron interactions at the highest energies. It is commonly used to analyze and interpret extensive air shower measurements. In light of the first detection of PeV neutrinos by the IceCube collaboration…
View article: Calculation of conventional and prompt lepton fluxes at very high energy
Calculation of conventional and prompt lepton fluxes at very high energy Open
An efficient method for calculating inclusive conventional and prompt atmospheric leptons fluxes is presented. The coupled cascade equations are solved numerically by formulating them as matrix equation. The presented approach is very flex…
View article: Calculation of conventional and prompt lepton fluxes at very high energy
Calculation of conventional and prompt lepton fluxes at very high energy Open
An efficient method for calculating inclusive conventional and prompt atmospheric leptons fluxes is presented. The coupled cascade equations are solved numerically by formulating them as matrix equation. The presented approach is very flex…
View article: Charm production in SIBYLL
Charm production in SIBYLL Open
SIBYLL 2.1 is an event generator for hadron interactions at the highest energies. It is commonly used to analyze and interpret extensive air shower measurements. In light of the first detection of PeV neutrinos by the IceCube collaboration…