Tom Blenkinsop
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View article: The early onset of magmatic rift faulting in the Edward-George Rift, Uganda
The early onset of magmatic rift faulting in the Edward-George Rift, Uganda Open
Fault systems along slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges have a characteristic morphology including clustered, closely spaced, short faults, which emerges during the preceding phase of magma-assisted continental rifting and breakup. Current obs…
View article: Impacts of WWII bomb explosions on weathering damage of architectural heritage: Bath, England
Impacts of WWII bomb explosions on weathering damage of architectural heritage: Bath, England Open
The effects of bomb impacts, including the explosive force and combustion associated with these impacts, are preserved in only a few cities across the UK. In particular, World War Two (WWII) has left scars across a wide range of structures…
View article: Impacts of bomb explosions on weathering damage of architectural heritage
Impacts of bomb explosions on weathering damage of architectural heritage Open
The effects of bomb impacts, including the explosive force and combustion associated with these impacts, are preserved in only a few cities across the UK. In particular, World War Two (WWII) has left scars across a wide range of structures…
View article: Fluid environment controls along-strike variation in slip style: Midcrustal geological signatures from the Red River fault, China
Fluid environment controls along-strike variation in slip style: Midcrustal geological signatures from the Red River fault, China Open
The slip style of continental midcrustal shear zones plays a crucial role in determining the seismogenic potential of faults, but it remains poorly understood because geological observations that can be directly tied to seismic behavior ar…
View article: Deformation microstructures of low- and high-strain epidote-blueschist (Ryukyu arc, Japan): Implications for subduction interface rheology
Deformation microstructures of low- and high-strain epidote-blueschist (Ryukyu arc, Japan): Implications for subduction interface rheology Open
We present field and microstructural data from an exhumed subduction complex in the Ryukyu arc, Japan, where epidote-blueschist, Triassic, Tomuru metamorphic rocks with block-in-matrix structure crop out. With the aim to constrain epidote-…
View article: Subsurface fracturing of sedimentary stones caused by bullet impacts
Subsurface fracturing of sedimentary stones caused by bullet impacts Open
The immovable nature of built heritage means that it is particularly vulnerable during times of armed conflict. Although impacts from small arms and shrapnel leave relatively inconspicuous impact scars, they elevate the risk of future ston…
View article: Triaxial stress and failure modes in hydrothermal mineral systems
Triaxial stress and failure modes in hydrothermal mineral systems Open
Rock mechanics experiments show that the magnitude of the intermediate principal stress significantly affects rock failure. Since triaxial stress states (no principal stress is zero) are ubiquitous in the crust, and polyaxial axial states …
View article: New age constraints for the Tommy Creek Domain of the Mount Isa Inlier, Australia
New age constraints for the Tommy Creek Domain of the Mount Isa Inlier, Australia Open
The Tommy Creek Domain is a complex, yet little studied, terrane in the Eastern Subprovince of the Mount Isa Province, northwest Queensland Australia. In this study, we take advantage of modern low-cost and rapid geochronology techniques t…
View article: Foliation boudinage structures in the Mount Isa Cu system
Foliation boudinage structures in the Mount Isa Cu system Open
Small-scale foliation boudinage structures occur in rocks that were sampled in drill core from the Mount Isa Cu deposit, northwest Queensland. The necks of foliation boudinage structures plunge gently to the north and south as a result of …
View article: Subsurface fracturing of sedimentary stones caused by bullet impacts
Subsurface fracturing of sedimentary stones caused by bullet impacts Open
The immovable nature of built heritage means that it is particularly vulnerable during times of armed conflict. Although impacts from small arms and shrapnel leave relatively inconspicuous impact scars, they may elevate the risk of future …
View article: Bullet impacts in building stone excavate approximately conical craters, with dimensions that are controlled by target material
Bullet impacts in building stone excavate approximately conical craters, with dimensions that are controlled by target material Open
Bullet impacts are a ubiquitous form of damage to the built environment resulting from armed conflicts. Bullet impacts into stone buildings result in surficial cratering, fracturing, and changes to material properties, such as permeability…
View article: Surface damage from perpendicular and oblique bullet impacts in stone
Surface damage from perpendicular and oblique bullet impacts in stone Open
Controlled experiments were conducted to investigate the surface damage caused by perpendicular and oblique impacts of bullets into sandstone and limestone targets. Individual bullets fired in conditions simulating modern rifles at typical…
View article: Measuring crater volumes from bullet impacts: implications for field methods and cratering mechanics
Measuring crater volumes from bullet impacts: implications for field methods and cratering mechanics Open
Bullet impacts are a ubiquitous form of damage to the built environment resulting from armed conflicts. Bullet impacts into stone buildings result in surficial cratering, fracturing, and changes to material properties, such as permeability…
View article: Surface damage from perpendicular and oblique bullet impacts in stone
Surface damage from perpendicular and oblique bullet impacts in stone Open
Controlled experiments were conducted to investigate the surface damage caused by perpendicular and oblique impacts of bullets into sandstone and limestone targets. Individual bullets fired in conditions simulating modern rifles at typical…
View article: Virtual field trip to the Esla Nappe (Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain): delivering traditional geological mapping skills remotely using real data
Virtual field trip to the Esla Nappe (Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain): delivering traditional geological mapping skills remotely using real data Open
The restrictions implemented to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020 and 2021 have forced university-level educators from around the world to seek alternatives to the residential physical field trips that constitute a fu…
View article: Supplementary Data from Surface damage from perpendicular and oblique bullet impacts in stone
Supplementary Data from Surface damage from perpendicular and oblique bullet impacts in stone Open
Controlled experiments were conducted to investigate the surface damage caused by perpendicular and oblique impacts of bullets into sandstone and limestone targets. Individual bullets fired in conditions simulating modern rifles at typical…
View article: Surface and Subsurface Damage Caused by Bullet Impacts into Sandstone
Surface and Subsurface Damage Caused by Bullet Impacts into Sandstone Open
The shift of armed conflicts to more urbanised environments has increased the risk to cultural heritage sites. Small arms impacts are ubiquitous in these circumstances, yet the effects and mechanisms of damage caused are not well known. A …
View article: Virtual fieldtrip to the Esla Nappe (Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain): delivering traditional geological mapping skills remotely using real data
Virtual fieldtrip to the Esla Nappe (Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain): delivering traditional geological mapping skills remotely using real data Open
The restrictions implemented to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020 and 2021 have forced university-level educators from around the world to seek alternatives to residential physical field trips which constitute a funda…
View article: Surface and subsurface damage caused by bullet impacts into sandstone
Surface and subsurface damage caused by bullet impacts into sandstone Open
The shift of armed conflicts to more urbanised environments has increased risk to cultural her-itage sites. Small arms impacts are ubiquitous in these circumstances, yet the effects and mecha-nisms of damage caused are not well known. A sa…
View article: Geological Society of London Scientific Statement: what the geological record tells us about our present and future climate
Geological Society of London Scientific Statement: what the geological record tells us about our present and future climate Open
Geology is the science of how the Earth functions and has evolved and, as such, it can contribute to our understanding of the climate system and how it responds to the addition of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere and oceans. Observat…
View article: How Do Variably Striking Faults Reactivate During Rifting? Insights From Southern Malawi
How Do Variably Striking Faults Reactivate During Rifting? Insights From Southern Malawi Open
Crustal extension is commonly thought to be accommodated by faults that strike orthogonal and obliquely to the regional trend of the minimum compressive stress ( σ 3 ). Activation of oblique faults can, however, be conceptually problematic…
View article: Permeability and Surface Hardness Surveying of Stone Damaged by Ballistic Impact
Permeability and Surface Hardness Surveying of Stone Damaged by Ballistic Impact Open
Recent instances of the destruction of cultural assets in conflict zones have demonstrated the need to develop methods which will allow for the assessment of damage to heritage stone in the field. In particular, non-destructive methods wou…
View article: How do variably striking faults reactivate during rifting? Insights from southern Malawi
How do variably striking faults reactivate during rifting? Insights from southern Malawi Open
This manuscript is a post-print deposited on the EarthArXiv platform that has been published in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Crustal extension is commonly thought to be accommodated by faults that strike orthogonal and obliquely t…