Thomas J. Challands
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Lungfish from the Early Pennsylvanian of Ireland and the Phylogeny of Carboniferous Dipnoi Open
Jarrow Colliery at Castlecomer, County Kilkenny, Ireland, is an important historic fossil vertebrate site. Fish and early tetrapods were originally discovered there in 1864, in Pennsylvanian shales immediately above the Jarrow Coal (Coolbu…
View article: Braincase and endocast anatomy in porolepiforms (Sarcopterygii: Dipnomorpha): evidence from the Early Devonian (Emsian) ‘porolepidid’ <i>Durialepis edentatus</i>
Braincase and endocast anatomy in porolepiforms (Sarcopterygii: Dipnomorpha): evidence from the Early Devonian (Emsian) ‘porolepidid’ <i>Durialepis edentatus</i> Open
Porolepiforms represent one of the key lineages of early lobe-finned fishes. They include two taxonomic groupings: the paraphyletic ‘porolepidids’, characterised by rhombic scales and extensive development of cosmine on dermal bones; and t…
Dipnoan diversity in the early Pennsylvanian of Scotland: new lungfish from the Lower Coal Measures of North Lanarkshire Open
Only two lungfish have been recorded in the Scottish Coal Measures in the past 150 years: Ctenodus and Sagenodus . Here we describe a suite of new lungfish specimens collected from sites in the Scottish Central Coalfield that represent a l…
View article: New postcranial remains from the Lealt Shale Formation of the Isle of Skye, Scotland, showcase hidden pterosaur diversity in the Middle Jurassic
New postcranial remains from the Lealt Shale Formation of the Isle of Skye, Scotland, showcase hidden pterosaur diversity in the Middle Jurassic Open
The Early to Middle Jurassic transition was significant in pterosaur evolution, during which these volant reptiles exploded in diversity alongside dinosaurs and other animals. It has long been thought, however, that pterosaurs did not deve…
View article: A skeleton from the Middle Jurassic of Scotland illuminates an earlier origin of large pterosaurs
A skeleton from the Middle Jurassic of Scotland illuminates an earlier origin of large pterosaurs Open
Pterosaurs were the first vertebrates to evolve flight1,2 and include the largest flying animals in Earth history.3,4 While some of the last-surviving species were the size of airplanes, pterosaurs were long thought to be restricted to sma…
View article: A skeleton from the Middle Jurassic of Scotland illuminates an earlier origin of large pterosaurs
A skeleton from the Middle Jurassic of Scotland illuminates an earlier origin of large pterosaurs Open
This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Jagielska, Natalia, O’Sullivan, Michael, Funston, Gregory F., Butler, Ian B., Challands, Thomas J., Clark, Neil D. L., Fraser, Nicholas C., Penny…
Morphometric Analysis of Lungfish Endocasts Elucidates Early Dipnoan Palaeoneurological Evolution Open
Lungfish (Dipnoi) are lobe-finned fish (Sarcopterygii) that have persisted for over 400 million years from the Devonian Period to present day. They are the extant sister group to tetrapods and thus have the ability to provide unique insigh…
Brain Reconstruction Across the Fish-Tetrapod Transition; Insights From Modern Amphibians Open
The fish-tetrapod transition (which incorporates the related fin-limb and water-land transitions) is celebrated as one of the most important junctions in vertebrate evolution. Sarcopterygian fishes (the “lobe-fins”) are today represented b…
Mandibular musculature constrains brain–endocast disparity between sarcopterygians Open
The transition from water to land by the earliest tetrapods in the Devonian Period is seen as one of the greatest steps in evolution. However, little is understood concerning changes in brain morphology over this transition. Here, we deter…
View article: Novel track morphotypes from new tracksites indicate increased Middle Jurassic dinosaur diversity on the Isle of Skye, Scotland
Novel track morphotypes from new tracksites indicate increased Middle Jurassic dinosaur diversity on the Isle of Skye, Scotland Open
Dinosaur fossils from the Middle Jurassic are rare globally, but the Isle of Skye (Scotland, UK) preserves a varied dinosaur record of abundant trace fossils and rare body fossils from this time. Here we describe two new tracksites from Ru…
A Lungfish (Sarcopterygii, Dipnomorpha) Tooth Plate from the Lower Devonian of Vietnam and the Onset of Modern Dipnoan Dental Organization Open
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New theropod dinosaur teeth from the Middle Jurassic of the Isle of Skye, Scotland Open
The Middle Jurassic is a largely mysterious interval in dinosaur evolution, as few fossils of this age are known worldwide. In recent years, the Isle of Skye has yielded a substantial record of trackways, and a more limited inventory of bo…
Appendix 3. New theropod dinosaur teeth from the Middle Jurassic of the Isle of Skye, Scotland Open
Appendix 3:Datasets of theropod crown measurements used in the discriminant analysis and result of the discriminant analysis. The Excel sheet includes an updated version of Hendrickx et al.'s (2015) dataset as well as Smith and Lamanna's (…
Appendix 1. New theropod dinosaur teeth from the Middle Jurassic of the Isle of Skye, Scotland Open
Appendix 1: dentition-based character list (Appendix 1.1), datasets for the phylogenetic (Appendix 1.2) and discriminant analyses (Appendix 1.3), results of the discriminant analysis (Appendix 1.4), credits of the theropod silhouettes (App…
Appendix 2. New theropod dinosaur teeth from the Middle Jurassic of the Isle of Skye, Scotland Open
Appendix 2: Revised version of Hendrickx and Mateus' (2014) datamatrix of dentition-based characters coded in non-avian theropods and used in the cladistic analysis.
An unusual small-bodied crocodyliform from the Middle Jurassic of Scotland, UK, and potential evidence for an early diversification of advanced neosuchians Open
The Middle Jurassic is a poorly sampled time interval for non-marine neosuchian crocodyliforms, which obscures our understanding of the origin and early evolution of major clades. Here we report a lower jaw from the Middle Jurassic (Bathon…
A sauropod-dominated tracksite from Rubha nam Brathairean (Brothers’ Point), Isle of Skye, Scotland Open
Middle Jurassic dinosaur fossils are exceedingly rare, but new discoveries from the Isle of Skye, Scotland, are beginning to fill this gap. We here describe a new dinosaur tracksite found in the Lealt Shale Formation (Bathonian) of the Gre…
The photogrammetric model of track BP2_40. A sauropod-dominated tracksite from Rubha nam Brathairean (Brothers' Point), Isle of Skye, Scotland Open
The photogrammetric model of track BP2_40 [file types: .ply, .obj, .stl]
Processing Steps in Constructing Scaled Model of BP2_40. A sauropod-dominated tracksite from Rubha nam Brathairean (Brothers' Point), Isle of Skye, Scotland Open
Processing Steps in Constructing Scaled Model of BP2_40
The point cloud of the model. A sauropod-dominated tracksite from Rubha nam Brathairean (Brothers' Point), Isle of Skye, Scotland Open
The point cloud of the model [file types: .ply, .obj]
The original images used to construct the model. A sauropod-dominated tracksite from Rubha nam Brathairean (Brothers' Point), Isle of Skye, Scotland Open
The original images used to construct the model [file type: .jpg]
The point cloud of the model. A sauropod-dominated tracksite from Rubha nam Brathairean (Brothers' Point), Isle of Skye, Scotland Open
The point cloud of the model [file types: .ply, .obj]
The first definitive Middle Jurassic atoposaurid (Crocodylomorpha, Neosuchia), and a discussion on the genus Theriosuchus Open
Atoposaurids were a clade of semiaquatic crocodyliforms known from the Late Jurassic to the latest Cretaceous. Tentative remains from Europe, Morocco, and Madagascar may extend their range into the Middle Jurassic. Here we report the first…
An unusual small-bodied crocodyliform from the Middle Jurassic of Scotland, UK, and potential evidence for an early diversification of advanced neosuchians Open
The Middle Jurassic is a poorly sampled time interval for non-pelagic neosuchian crocodyliforms, which obscures our understanding of the origin and early evolution of major clades. Here we report a lower jaw from the Middle Jurassic (Batho…