Tom L. Smith
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View article: Mental health experiences and coping strategies of ethnic minority adolescents in England
Mental health experiences and coping strategies of ethnic minority adolescents in England Open
Background Children and young people (CYP) or adolescents from ethnic minorities and disadvantaged communities are at a higher risk of experiencing poor mental health due to various factors, including discrimination, socioeconomic inequali…
View article: High prevalence of alcohol use disorders in 454 young adult offspring from the San Diego prospective study
High prevalence of alcohol use disorders in 454 young adult offspring from the San Diego prospective study Open
Background Preliminary evaluations of 212 drinking offspring from the San Diego Prospective Study (SDPD) indicated that over 50% developed alcohol use disorder (AUD) by their mid‐20s. The present analysis evaluated if those findings remain…
View article: Latent trajectories of persistence of cannabis use across 4 decades in 329 men from the San Diego Prospective Study
Latent trajectories of persistence of cannabis use across 4 decades in 329 men from the San Diego Prospective Study Open
Considering the potential enhanced dangers of cannabis use in later life, the high rate of continued use over four decades implies that clinicians should ask all older patients about recent cannabis use, especially if they had used it in t…
View article: Do personality characteristics predict future alcohol problems after considering current demography, substance use, and alcohol response?
Do personality characteristics predict future alcohol problems after considering current demography, substance use, and alcohol response? Open
Background Several personality traits predict future alcohol problems but also relate to demographic and substance‐related variables that themselves correlate with later adverse alcohol outcomes. Few prospective studies have evaluated whet…
View article: Changes over time in endorsement of 11 <scp>DSM‐IV</scp> alcohol use disorder (<scp>AUD</scp>) criteria in young adults with persistent or recurrent <scp>AUD</scp> in The Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism
Changes over time in endorsement of 11 <span>DSM‐IV</span> alcohol use disorder (<span>AUD</span>) criteria in young adults with persistent or recurrent <span>AUD</span> in The Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism Open
Background Endorsement of specific Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM‐IV) alcohol use disorder (AUD) criteria have been shown to change significantly over time in men in their thirties who have persiste…
View article: Low versus high level of response to alcohol affects amygdala functional connectivity during processing of emotional stimuli
Low versus high level of response to alcohol affects amygdala functional connectivity during processing of emotional stimuli Open
Background Low levels of response (low LR) to alcohol predict heavy drinking and alcohol problems. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of emotion processing have shown that low LR individuals exhibit lower activation in ta…
View article: Endorsement of specific alcohol use disorder criterion items changes with age in individuals with persistent alcohol use disorders in 2 generations of the San Diego Prospective Study
Endorsement of specific alcohol use disorder criterion items changes with age in individuals with persistent alcohol use disorders in 2 generations of the San Diego Prospective Study Open
Background Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) alcohol use disorder (AUD) criteria are written in broad enough terms to apply to diverse populations. The current analyses evaluate whether the endorsement of criteria changes with increa…
View article: Cross‐sectional and prospective associations of drinking characteristics with scores from the Self‐Report of the Effects of Alcohol questionnaire and findings from alcohol challenges
Cross‐sectional and prospective associations of drinking characteristics with scores from the Self‐Report of the Effects of Alcohol questionnaire and findings from alcohol challenges Open
Background Data from 2 generations of participants in the San Diego Prospective Study (SDPS) were used to compare cross‐sectional and prospective relationships of 5 measures of the low level of response (low LR) to alcohol to 2 key alcohol…
View article: The Investigation into CYP2E1 in Relation to the Level of Response to Alcohol Through a Combination of Linkage and Association Analysis: CYP2E1 AND THE RESPONSE TO ALCOHOL
The Investigation into CYP2E1 in Relation to the Level of Response to Alcohol Through a Combination of Linkage and Association Analysis: CYP2E1 AND THE RESPONSE TO ALCOHOL Open
A low level of response to alcohol during an individual’s early experience with alcohol is associated with an increase risk for alcoholism. A family-based genome-wide linkage analysis using sibling pairs that underwent an alcohol challenge…
View article: The Search for Contributors to Low Rates of Recognition of Paternal Alcohol Use Disorders in Offspring From the San Diego Prospective Study
The Search for Contributors to Low Rates of Recognition of Paternal Alcohol Use Disorders in Offspring From the San Diego Prospective Study Open
Background The most efficient approach for establishing family histories (FHs) asks informants about disorders in their relatives (a Family History Method [FHM]). However, FHMs underestimate family diagnoses. We evaluated if accuracies of …
View article: Predictors of Increases in Alcohol Problems and Alcohol Use Disorders in Offspring in the San Diego Prospective Study
Predictors of Increases in Alcohol Problems and Alcohol Use Disorders in Offspring in the San Diego Prospective Study Open
Background The 35‐year‐long San Diego Prospective Study documented 2‐fold increases in alcohol problems and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in young‐adult drinking offspring compared to rates in their fathers, the original probands. The curre…
View article: Performance of the Self‐Report of the Effects of Alcohol Questionnaire Across Sexes and Generations
Performance of the Self‐Report of the Effects of Alcohol Questionnaire Across Sexes and Generations Open
Background Low level of responses (low LRs) to alcohol established using the Self‐Report of the Effects of Alcohol (SRE) questionnaire are genetically influenced phenotypes related to heavy drinking and alcohol problems. To date, most stud…
View article: The Relationship Between Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Estimates and Alcohol Problems at 5‐Year Follow‐Up: The Role of Level of Response
The Relationship Between Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Estimates and Alcohol Problems at 5‐Year Follow‐Up: The Role of Level of Response Open
Background Acute alcohol consumption is associated with temporarily increased regional cerebral blood flow (CBF). The extent of this increase appears to be moderated by individual differences in the level of response (LR) to alcohol's subj…
View article: Alcohol-related blackouts among college students: impact of low level of response to alcohol, ethnicity, sex, and environmental characteristics
Alcohol-related blackouts among college students: impact of low level of response to alcohol, ethnicity, sex, and environmental characteristics Open
These data may be useful in identifying college students who are more likely to experience future ARBs over a 1-year period. They enhance our understanding of whether the relationships of predictors to ARBs are direct or mediated through b…
View article: Drinking Status Between Ages 50 and 55 for Men From the San Diego Prospective Study Who Developed DSM-IV Alcohol Abuse or Dependence in Prior Follow-Ups
Drinking Status Between Ages 50 and 55 for Men From the San Diego Prospective Study Who Developed DSM-IV Alcohol Abuse or Dependence in Prior Follow-Ups Open
Despite the high functioning of these men, few were abstinent or maintained low-risk drinking during the recent 5 years, and 38% met DSM-5 AUD criteria. The data may be helpful to both clinicians and researchers predicting the future cours…
View article: Familial association of abstinent remission from alcohol use disorder in first‐degree relatives of alcohol‐dependent treatment‐seeking probands
Familial association of abstinent remission from alcohol use disorder in first‐degree relatives of alcohol‐dependent treatment‐seeking probands Open
Background and Aims Studies that have included family history of alcohol use disorder (AUD) as a predictor of remission from AUD have yielded few significant results. The goals of this study were to estimate the association of persistent A…
View article: A Prospective Comparison of How the Level of Response to Alcohol and Impulsivity Relate to Future DSM‐IV Alcohol Problems in the COGA Youth Panel
A Prospective Comparison of How the Level of Response to Alcohol and Impulsivity Relate to Future DSM‐IV Alcohol Problems in the COGA Youth Panel Open
Background Alcohol problems reflect both environmental and genetic characteristics that often operate through endophenotypes like low levels of response (low LRs) to alcohol and higher impulsivity. Relationships of these preexisting charac…
View article: Predictors of Patterns of Alcohol-Related Blackouts Over Time in Youth From the Collaborative Study of the Genetics of Alcoholism: The Roles of Genetics and Cannabis
Predictors of Patterns of Alcohol-Related Blackouts Over Time in Youth From the Collaborative Study of the Genetics of Alcoholism: The Roles of Genetics and Cannabis Open
Baseline CUDs related to the most severe latent ARB course over time, even when considered along with other trajectory predictors, including baseline alcohol use disorders and maximum number of drinks. Data indicated significant roles for …
View article: ecancermedicalscience
ecancermedicalscience Open
First used as an analgesic and antipyretic, investigations into aspirin's anti-inflammatory effects led to its establishment in 1974 as a drug that altered the activity of platelets to influence the course and incidence of myocardial infar…
View article: ecancermedicalscience
ecancermedicalscience Open
The 2013 Aspirin Foundation Conference covered a range of topics from clinical and medical history, epidemiology, health economics, and the current uses of aspirin in general practice and in the treatment and prevention of cancer. The use …
View article: Drinking Patterns Across Spring, Summer, and Fall in 462 University Students
Drinking Patterns Across Spring, Summer, and Fall in 462 University Students Open
Background Student heavy drinking and associated problems are common at most universities and fluctuate throughout the calendar year, with marked increases during celebrations. Most studies of student drinking are limited to the academic y…
View article: The Ability of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Predict Heavy Drinking and Alcohol Problems 5 Years Later
The Ability of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Predict Heavy Drinking and Alcohol Problems 5 Years Later Open
Background Low levels of alcohol responses (low LR s) are genetically influenced phenotypes that are identified before alcohol dependence and predict future heavy drinking and alcohol problems. A recent paper described 13 LR ‐related blood…
View article: The Low Level of Response to Alcohol-Based Heavy Drinking Prevention Program: One-Year Follow-Up
The Low Level of Response to Alcohol-Based Heavy Drinking Prevention Program: One-Year Follow-Up Open
This study underscores the potential importance of targeting a person's specific preexisting vulnerability toward heavy drinking when he or she enters college. The approach can be used in a relatively inexpensive protocol of video educatio…