Explanipedia

Coupled air-sea interaction drove and sustained the 2013–2016 North Pacific Marine Heatwave Open

Wenrui Jiang, Gaël Forget, Yuanyuan Song, Thomas W. N. Haine · 2025

The 2013–2016 marine heatwave (MHW) in the Northeastern Pacific ranks among the most intense extratropical ocean warming events on record. Its complex evolution has complicated efforts to understand underlying dynamics, which are crucial f…

Generation and propagation of Eastern Subpolar North Atlantic salinity anomalies Open

Wenrui Jiang, Thomas W. N. Haine · 2025

The Eastern Subpolar North Atlantic (E-SPNA) upper ocean experiences pronounced interannual salinity variability, strongly influencing the global overturning circulation. These anomalies often originate upstream and are advected into the r…

Tracer Budgets on Lagrangian Trajectories Open

Wenrui Jiang, Thomas W. N. Haine · 2025

The Lagrangian particle method is widely used to understand scalar tracer concentration fields in models of the atmosphere and oceans. Simulating virtual particles provides an alternative description of advection to the Eulerian representa…

Remineralisation changes dominate oxygen variability in the North Atlantic Open

Rachael Sanders, Elaine L. McDonagh, Siv K. Lauvset, Charles E. Turner, Thomas W. N. Haine , et al. · 2025

Oxygen is fundamental to ocean biogeochemical processes, with deoxygenation potentially reducing biodiversity, and disrupting biogeochemical cycles. In recent decades, the global ocean oxygen concentration has been decreasing, but this dec…

A Review of Green's Function Methods for Tracer Timescales and Pathways in Ocean Models Open

Thomas W. N. Haine, Stephen M. Griffies, Geoffrey Gebbie, Wenrui Jiang · 2025

Understanding advective‐diffusive dispersal of trace substances in environmental fluids like the global ocean is a ubiquitous challenge in geophysics. Since the turn of the millennium, substantial progress has been made in the theory, impl…

Democratize the Data: A New Way to Analyze and Design Ocean Models Open

Thomas W. N. Haine · 2025

Ocean circulation models running on the latest supercomputers can cover the globe with resolutions of a few kilometers. These virtual ocean datasets are increasingly realistic and provide insight into processes at scales that are inaccessi…

Subinertial Variability in Four Southeast Greenland Fjords in Realistic Numerical Simulations Open

Renske Gelderloos, Thomas W. N. Haine, Mattia Almansi · 2024

Natural variability at subinertial frequencies (time scale of several days) plays an important role in the interaction between Greenland’s fjords, the continental shelf, and shelf-break exchange with the deep basins. In this study we…

Controls on upper ocean salinity variability in the eastern subpolar North Atlantic during 1992-2017 Open

Ali Siddiqui, Ali Siddiqui, Thomas W. N. Haine, An T. Nguyen, Martha W. Buckley · 2024

• Two fresh anomalies observed in the eastern subpolar North Atlantic upper ocean during 1992-2017 share similar spatial characteristics. • Salt budget analysis shows the 2012-2016 fresh anomaly in the upper 200 m occurs due to transport o…

Controls on upper ocean salinity variability in the eastern subpolar North Atlantic during 1992-2017 Open

Ali Siddiqui, Thomas W. N. Haine, An T. Nguyen, Martha W. Buckley · 2024

The eastern subpolar North Atlantic upper ocean salinity undergoes decadal fluctuations. A large fresh anomaly event occurred during 2012–2016. Using the ECCO state estimate, we diagnose and compare mechanisms of this low salinity event wi…

Winds and Meltwater Together Lead to Southern Ocean Surface Cooling and Sea Ice Expansion Open

Lettie A. Roach, Kenneth D. Mankoff, Anastasia Romanou, Edward Blanchard‐Wrigglesworth, Thomas W. N. Haine , et al. · 2023

Southern Ocean surface cooling and Antarctic sea ice expansion from 1979 through 2015 have been linked both to changing atmospheric circulation and melting of Antarctica's grounded ice and ice shelves. However, climate models have largely …

Seaduck: A python package for Eulerian and Lagrangianinterpolation on ocean datasets Open

Wenrui Jiang, Thomas W. N. Haine, Mattia Almansi · 2023

Numerical simulations of the Earth's oceans are becoming more realistic and sophisticated.Their complex layout and sheer volume make it difficult for researchers to access and understand these data, however.Additionally, most ocean models,…

Historical Trends in Ocean Heat, Carbon, Salinity, and Oxygen Simulations: Impact of a Changing Ocean Circulation Open

Scott Mannis, Darryn W. Waugh, Anand Gnanadesikan, Thomas W. N. Haine · 2023

Examination of historical simulations from CMIP6 models shows substantial pre-industrial to present-day changes in ocean heat (ΔH), salinity (ΔS), oxygen (ΔO2), dissolved inorganic carbon (ΔDIC), chlorofluorocarbon-12 (ΔCFC12), and sulfur …

On the non-self-adjoint and multiscale character of passive scalar mixing under laminar advection Open

Miguel A. Jiménez-Urias, Thomas W. N. Haine · 2023

Except in the trivial case of spatially uniform flow, the advection–diffusion operator of a passive scalar tracer is linear and non-self-adjoint. In this study, we exploit the linearity of the governing equation and present an analytical e…

Arctic freshwater impact on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: status and prospects Open

Thomas W. N. Haine, Ali Siddiqui, Wenrui Jiang · 2023

Arguably, the most conspicuous evidence for anthropogenic climate change lies in the Arctic Ocean. For example, the summer-time Arctic sea ice extent has declined over the last 40 years and the Arctic Ocean freshwater storage has increased…

Tipping points in overturning circulation mediated by ocean mixing and the configuration and magnitude of the hydrological cycle: A simple model Open

Anand Gnanadesikan, Gianluca Fabiani, Jingwen Liu, Renske Gelderloos, Genevieve Brett , et al. · 2023

The current configuration of the ocean overturning involves upwelling predominantly in the Southern Ocean and sinking predominantly in the Atlantic basin. The reasons for this remain unclear, as both models and paleoclimatic observations s…

Polar Fresh Water in a Changing Global Climate: Linking Arctic and Southern Ocean Processes Open

Benjamin Rabe, Torge Martin, Amy Solomon, Karen M. Assmann, Louise C. Biddle , et al. · 2023

After three days of comprehensive review presentations, productive discussions, and enthusiastic debate, the online Workshop on Polar Fresh Water: Sources, Pathways and Impacts of Freshwater in Northern and Southern Polar Oceans and Seas j…

A mathematical investigation of stirring and mixing of passive tracers by an anisotropic flow field characterized by chaotic advection Open

Miguel Angel Jimenez-Urias, Thomas W. N. Haine · 2023

Stirring and mixing plays a central role in the oceans and atmosphere, where the large-scale circulation is characterized by strong anisotropy. When the tracer evolution has no effect on the inertia of the velocity field, i.e., the tracer …

A Generative Adversarial Network for Climate Tipping Point Discovery (TIP-GAN) Open

Jennifer Sleeman, David Chung, Anand Gnanadesikan, Jay Brett, Yannis Kevrekidis , et al. · 2023

We propose a new Tipping Point Generative Adversarial Network (TIP-GAN) for better characterizing potential climate tipping points in Earth system models. We describe an adversarial game to explore the parameter space of these models, dete…

Using Artificial Intelligence to aid Scientific Discovery of Climate Tipping Points Open

Jennifer Sleeman, David Chung, Chace Ashcraft, Jay Brett, Anand Gnanadesikan , et al. · 2023

We propose a hybrid Artificial Intelligence (AI) climate modeling approach that enables climate modelers in scientific discovery using a climate-targeted simulation methodology based on a novel combination of deep neural networks and mathe…

Erratum to “A Review of Arctic–Subarctic Ocean Linkages: Past Changes, Mechanisms, and Future Projections” Open

Qiang Wang, Qi Shu, Shizhu Wang, Agnieszka Beszczyńska-Möller, Sergey Danilov , et al. · 2023

A Review of Arctic–Subarctic Ocean Linkages: Past Changes, Mechanisms, and Future Projections Open

Qiang Wang, Qi Shu, Shizhu Wang, Agnieszka Beszczyńska-Möller, Sergey Danilov , et al. · 2023

Arctic Ocean gateway fluxes play a crucial role in linking the Arctic with the global ocean and affecting climate and marine ecosystems. We reviewed past studies on Arctic–Subarctic ocean linkages and examined their changes and driving mec…

Using Hydraulic Theory to Monitor Dense Overflows in a Parabolic Channel Open

Atousa Saberi, Lawrence J. Pratt, Thomas W. N. Haine, Karl R. Helfrich · 2022

Deep ocean passages are advantageous sites for long-term monitoring of deep transport and other physical properties relevant to climate. Rotating hydraulic theory provides potential for simplifying monitoring strategy by reducing the numbe…

Tracer and observationally derived constraints on diapycnal diffusivities in an ocean state estimate Open

David S. Trossman, Caitlin B. Whalen, Thomas W. N. Haine, Amy F. Waterhouse, An T. Nguyen , et al. · 2022

Use of an ocean parameter and state estimation framework – such as the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) framework – could provide an opportunity to learn about the spatial distribution of the diapycnal diffusivity…

Tracer and Observationally Derived Constraints on Diapycnal Diffusivities in an Ocean State Estimate Open

David S. Trossman, Caitlin B. Whalen, Thomas W. N. Haine, Amy F. Waterhouse, An T. Nguyen , et al. · 2022

Data used to generate figures in Trossman et al. (2022) in Ocean Science

Tracer and Observationally Derived Constraints on Diapycnal Diffusivities in an Ocean State Estimate Open

David S. Trossman, Caitlin B. Whalen, Thomas W. N. Haine, Amy F. Waterhouse, An T. Nguyen , et al. · 2022

Data used to generate figures in Trossman et al. (2022) in Ocean Science

Comment on os-2021-87 Open

David S. Trossman, Caitlin B. Whalen, Thomas W. N. Haine, Amy F. Waterhouse, An T. Nguyen , et al. · 2022

Abstract. Use of an ocean parameter and state estimation framework â such as the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) framework â could provide an opportunity to learn about the spatial distributi…

Introduction to the Special Issue on the New Arctic Ocean Open

Thomas J. Weingartner, Carin J. Ashjian, Lawson W. Brigham, Thomas W. N. Haine, Liza Mack , et al. · 2022

One hundred and thirty years ago, Fridtjof Nansen, the Norwegian polar explorer and scientist, set off on a bold three-year journey to investigate the unknown Arctic Ocean. The expedition relied on a critical technological development: a s…

Interactions between the Arctic Mediterranean and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: A Review Open

Wilbert Weijer, Thomas W. N. Haine, Ali Siddiqui, Wei Cheng, Milena Veneziani , et al. · 2022

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) plays a significant role in the global climate system, and its behavior in a warming climate is a matter of significant concern. The AMOC is thought to be driven largely by ocean heat …

Comment on os-2021-87 Open

David S. Trossman, Caitlin B. Whalen, Thomas W. N. Haine, Amy F. Waterhouse, An T. Nguyen , et al. · 2021

Abstract. Use of an ocean parameter and state estimation framework â such as the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) framework â could provide an opportunity to learn about the spatial distributi…

Comment on os-2021-87 Open

David S. Trossman, Caitlin B. Whalen, Thomas W. N. Haine, Amy F. Waterhouse, An T. Nguyen , et al. · 2021

Abstract. Use of an ocean parameter and state estimation framework â such as the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) framework â could provide an opportunity to learn about the spatial distributi…

Thomas W. N. Haine YOU? Author Swipe