Explanipedia

Accordance and conflict between religious and scientific precautions against COVID-19 in 27 societies Open

Theodore Samore, Daniel M. T. Fessler, Adam Maxwell Sparks, Colin Holbrook, Lene Aarøe , et al. · 2024

Meaning-making systems underlie perceptions of the efficacy of threat-mitigating behaviors. Religion and science both offer threat mitigation, yet these meaning-making systems are often considered incompatible. Do such epistemological conf…

Moral violations that target more valued victims elicit more anger, but not necessarily more disgust Open

Lei Fan, Catherine Molho, Tom R. Kupfer, Joshua M. Tybur · 2024

The same moral violation can give rise to different emotional and behavioral responses in different individuals. The mechanisms that give rise to such differences-and the functions that those mechanisms serve-are unclear. Previous work sug…

Third-party punishers who express emotions are trusted more Open

Tom R. Kupfer, Joshua M. Tybur · 2023

Third party punishment (TPP) is thought to be crucial to the evolution and maintenance of human cooperation. However, this type of punishment is often not rewarded, perhaps because punishers’ underlying motives are unclear. We propose that…

Third-party punishers who express emotions are trusted more Open

Tom R. Kupfer, Joshua M. Tybur · 2023

Third party punishment (TPP) is thought to be crucial to the evolution and maintenance of human cooperation. However, this type of punishment is often not rewarded, perhaps because punishers' underlying motives are unclear. We propose that…

Accordance and conflict between religious and scientific precautions against COVID-19 in 27 societies Open

Theodore Samore, Daniel M. T. Fessler, Adam Maxwell Sparks, Colin Holbrook, Lene Aarøe , et al. · 2023

Meaning-making systems underlie perceptions of the efficacy of threat-mitigating behaviors. Religion and science both offer threat mitigation, yet these two meaning-making systems are often considered incompatible. Do such epistemological …

Editorial: Appraisal processes in moral judgment: resolving moral issues through cognition and emotion Open

Justin F. Landy, Tom R. Kupfer · 2023

EDITORIAL article Front. Psychol., 20 June 2023Sec. Personality and Social Psychology Volume 14 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1233865

Beyond Outrage: Observers Anticipate Different Behaviors From Expressors of Anger Versus Disgust Open

Lei Fan, Catherine Molho, Tom R. Kupfer, Disa Sauter, Joshua M. Tybur · 2023

The modern world affords unprecedented opportunities for individuals to express moral sentiments. The widespread distribution of one specific type of sentiment — outrage — has consequences for social and political harmony. The current inve…

Beyond Outrage: Observers Anticipate Different Behaviors from Expressors of Anger Versus Disgust Open

Lei Fan, Catherine Molho, Tom R. Kupfer, Disa Sauter, Joshua M. Tybur · 2023

The modern world affords unprecedented opportunities for individuals to express moral sentiments. The widespread distribution of one specific type of sentiment – outrage – has consequences for social and political harmony. The current inve…

Greater traditionalism predicts COVID-19 precautionary behaviors across 27 societies Open

Theodore Samore, Daniel M. T. Fessler, Adam Maxwell Sparks, Colin Holbrook, Lene Aarøe , et al. · 2023

Being good to look good: Self‐reported moral character predicts moral double standards among reputation‐seeking individuals Open

Mengchen Dong, Tom R. Kupfer, Shuai Yuan, Jan‐Willem van Prooijen · 2022

Moral character is widely expected to lead to moral judgements and practices. However, such expectations are often breached, especially when moral character is measured by self‐report. We propose that because self‐reported moral character …

Unwanted celibacy is associated with misogynistic attitudes even after controlling for personality Open

Karolin Grunau, Helena E. Bieselt, Pelin Gül, Tom R. Kupfer · 2022

\n Contains fulltext :\n 282240.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)\n

Greater Traditionalism Predicts COVID-19 Precautionary Behaviors Across 27 Societies Open

Theodore Samore, Daniel M. T. Fessler, Adam Maxwell Sparks, Colin Holbrook, Lene Aarøe , et al. · 2022

People vary in the extent to which they embrace their society’s traditions, impacting a range of social and political phenomena. People also vary in the degree to which they perceive disparate dangers as salient and necessitating a respons…

Unwanted celibacy is associated with misogynistic attitudes even after controlling for personality Open

Pelin Gül, Tom R. Kupfer, Karolin Grunau, Helena Elisabeth Bieselt · 2022

In recent years, the involuntary celibates who identify as “Incels” have received considerable public attention because of their misogynistic online discourse and their tie to a string of violent acts against women. Yet, surprisingly no pr…

Disease Avoidance Motives Trade-Off Against Social Motives, Especially Mate-Seeking, to Predict Social Distancing: Evidence From the COVID-19 Pandemic Open

Pelin Gül, Nils Keesmekers, Pınar Elmas, Ebru Ates Kose, Tolga KÖSKÜN , et al. · 2021

A range of studies have sought to understand why people’s compliance with social distancing varied during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent theory suggests that pathogen avoidance behavior is based not only on perceived risk but on a trade-off…

Why are some people more jealous than others? Genetic and environmental factors Open

Tom R. Kupfer, Morgan J. Sidari, Brendan P. Zietsch, Patrick Jern, Joshua M. Tybur , et al. · 2021

The skin crawls, the stomach turns: ectoparasites and pathogens elicit distinct defensive responses in humans Open

Tom R. Kupfer, Daniel M. T. Fessler, Betty C. Wu, Tiffany Hwang, Adam Maxwell Sparks , et al. · 2021

Disgust has long been viewed as a primary motivator of defensive responses to threats posed by both microscopic pathogens and macroscopic ectoparasites. Although disgust can defend effectively against pathogens encountered through ingestio…

The skin crawls, the stomach turns: ectoparasites and pathogens elicit distinct defensive responses in humans Open

Tom R. Kupfer, Daniel M. T. Fessler, Bozhi Wu, Tiffany Hwang, Adam Maxwell Sparks , et al. · 2021

Disgust has long been viewed as a primary motivator of defensive responses to threats posed by both microscopic pathogens and macroscopic ectoparasites. Although disgust can defend effectively against pathogens encountered through ingestio…

Disease avoidance motives trade-off against social motives, especially mate-seeking, to predict social distancing: Evidence from the Covid-19 pandemic Open

Pelin Gül, Tom R. Kupfer, Pınar Elmas, Ebru Ates Kose, Tolga KÖSKÜN , et al. · 2021

Many studies have sought to understand why people’s compliance with social distancing varied during the Covid-19 pandemic. Recent theory suggests that pathogen avoidance behavior is not based only on perceived risk, but on a trade-off betw…

Being Good to Look Good: Self-Reported Moral Character Predicts Moral Double Standards Among Reputation-Seeking Individuals Open

Mengchen Dong, Tom R. Kupfer, Shuai Yuan, Jan‐Willem van Prooijen · 2020

Moral character is widely expected to lead to moral judgments and practices. However, such expectations are often breached, especially when moral character is measured by self-report. We propose that because self-reported moral character p…

Behavioral Immune Trade-Offs: Interpersonal Value Relaxes Social Pathogen Avoidance Open

Joshua M. Tybur, Debra Lieberman, Lei Fan, Tom R. Kupfer, Reinout E. de Vries · 2020

Behavioral-immune-system research has illuminated how people detect and avoid signs of infectious disease. But how do we regulate exposure to pathogens that produce no symptoms in their hosts? This research tested the proposition that esti…

Behavioral immune tradeoffs: Interpersonal value relaxes social pathogen avoidance Open

Joshua M. Tybur, Debra Lieberman, Lei Fan, Tom R. Kupfer, Reinout E. de Vries · 2020

Behavioral immune system research has illuminated how people detect and avoid signs of infectious disease. But how do we regulate exposure to pathogens that produce no symptoms in their hosts? This manuscript tests the proposition that est…

Reexamining the role of intent in moral judgements of purity violations Open

Tom R. Kupfer, Yoel Inbar, Joshua M. Tybur · 2020

Reputation management as an alternative explanation for the “contagiousness” of immorality Open

Tom R. Kupfer, Roger Giner‐Sorolla · 2020

Disgust sensitivity and opposition to immigration: Does contact avoidance or resistance to foreign norms explain the relationship? Open

Annika K. Karinen, Catherine Molho, Tom R. Kupfer, Joshua M. Tybur · 2019

Determinants of hand hygiene behaviour based on the Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour Open

Tom R. Kupfer, Kayleigh J. Wyles, Fraje Watson, Roberto M. La Ragione, Mark A. Chambers , et al. · 2019

Background: Many investigations into the determinants of hand hygiene (HH) behaviour have explored only individual predictors or were designed according to arguably overly simplistic models of behaviour. Consequently, important influences …

What Makes Moral Disgust Special? An Integrative Functional Review Open

Roger Giner‐Sorolla, Tom R. Kupfer, John Sandor Sabo · 2019

The role of disgust in moral psychology has been a matter of much controversy and experimentation over the past 20 or so years. We present here an integrative look at the literature, with a focus on experimental work in our lab that has sh…

Ectoparasite defence in humans: relationships to pathogen avoidance and clinical implications Open

Tom R. Kupfer, Daniel M. T. Fessler · 2018

Currently, disgust is regarded as the main adaptation for defence against pathogens and parasites in humans. Disgust's motivational and behavioural features, including withdrawal, nausea, appetite suppression and the urge to vomit, defend …

A reputation management and signalling account of moral disgust and moral contagion Open

Tom R. Kupfer · 2017

Moral disgust is thought to be an emotion arising from perceptions of immorality as physically contaminating, in part based on experiments showing that participants are unwilling to contact immoral objects like a Nazi's armband. Here it is…

Disgusting clusters: trypophobia as an overgeneralised disease avoidance response Open

Tom R. Kupfer, An T. D. Le · 2017

Individuals with trypophobia have an aversion towards clusters of roughly circular shapes, such as those on a sponge or the bubbles on a cup of coffee. It is unclear why the condition exists, given the harmless nature of typical eliciting …

Pathogen disgust and interpersonal personality Open

Tom R. Kupfer, Joshua M. Tybur · 2017

Tom R. Kupfer YOU? Author Swipe