Tomás A. Carlo
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View article: Rethinking the role of colour in avian fruit choices and foraging mechanisms
Rethinking the role of colour in avian fruit choices and foraging mechanisms Open
Mutualistic interactions between fleshy‐fruited plants and frugivorous animals that disperse seeds are important for the organization and regeneration of ecosystems worldwide. According to the dispersal syndrome hypothesis (DSH), the colou…
View article: Isolated Trees in a Fragmented Tropical Landscape: A View Through the Soil Seed Bank
Isolated Trees in a Fragmented Tropical Landscape: A View Through the Soil Seed Bank Open
Tropical soil seed banks under isolated trees in pastures remain relatively understudied despite their important role in forest regeneration. Here, we investigated patterns of plant species diversity, abundance, and composition in the soil…
View article: Revisiting ecological specialization: the case of plant–frugivore interactions
Revisiting ecological specialization: the case of plant–frugivore interactions Open
Understanding the extent to which organisms exhibit specialization when interacting with or relying on distinct aspects of their biotic and abiotic environment is a central tenet in ecology and evolution. Despite the relevance of the conce…
View article: Negative density dependence characterizes mutualistic interactions between birds and fruiting plants across latitudes
Negative density dependence characterizes mutualistic interactions between birds and fruiting plants across latitudes Open
Negative density dependence (NDD) in biotic interactions of interference such as plant–plant competition, granivory and herbivory are well-documented mechanisms that promote species’ coexistence in diverse plant communities worldwide. Here…
View article: A highly resolved nuclear phylogeny uncovers strong phylogenetic conservatism and correlated evolution of fruit color and size in <i>Solanum</i> L.
A highly resolved nuclear phylogeny uncovers strong phylogenetic conservatism and correlated evolution of fruit color and size in <i>Solanum</i> L. Open
Summary Mutualisms between plants and fruit‐eating animals were key to the radiation of angiosperms. Still, phylogenetic uncertainties limit our understanding of fleshy‐fruit evolution, as in the case of Solanum , a genus with remarkable f…
View article: A Review on the State of the Art in Frugivory and Seed Dispersal on Islands and the Implications of Global Change
A Review on the State of the Art in Frugivory and Seed Dispersal on Islands and the Implications of Global Change Open
We provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of island frugivory and seed dispersal and identify knowledge gaps that are important for fundamental research on—and applied conservation of—island ecosystems. We conducted a system…
View article: Estimating population size of red‐footed boobies using distance sampling and drone photography
Estimating population size of red‐footed boobies using distance sampling and drone photography Open
The red‐footed booby ( Sula sula ) is one of the most common pantropical seabird species, but its populations have been declining in the Caribbean region and elsewhere. We used distance sampling from point‐counts to estimate population siz…
View article: Plant–frugivore interactions across the Caribbean islands: Modularity, invader complexes and the importance of generalist species
Plant–frugivore interactions across the Caribbean islands: Modularity, invader complexes and the importance of generalist species Open
Aim Mutualistic interactions between plants and animals are fundamental for the maintenance of natural communities and the ecosystem services they provide. However, particularly in human‐dominated island ecosystems, introduced species may …
View article: Abundance predominates over niche factors as determinant of the frequency of interactions between frugivorous birds and plants
Abundance predominates over niche factors as determinant of the frequency of interactions between frugivorous birds and plants Open
Neutral and niche factors influence the structure of frugivory and seed dispersal networks. While the former refers to the abundance of interacting species, niche factors refer to traits that mediate interactions between species (e.g., mor…
View article: Frugivore diversity increases evenness in the seed rain on deforested tropical landscapes
Frugivore diversity increases evenness in the seed rain on deforested tropical landscapes Open
The diversity of tropical forests is strongly shaped by mutualistic interactions involving plants and frugivores that disperse their seeds. However, it is little known how decreases in the diversity of frugivores can affect seed dispersal …
View article: <i>Biotropica</i> announces a new paper category: Natural History Field Notes
<i>Biotropica</i> announces a new paper category: Natural History Field Notes Open
The planet is in the midst of a biodiversity crisis, and we continue to lose species to extinction before they are even described. But describing and understanding species in meaningful ways involves much more than taxonomic descriptions, …
View article: Frugivory Specialization in Birds and Fruit Chemistry Structure Mutualistic Networks across the Neotropics
Frugivory Specialization in Birds and Fruit Chemistry Structure Mutualistic Networks across the Neotropics Open
The interaction between fruit chemistry and the physiological traits of frugivores is expected to shape the structure of mutualistic seed dispersal networks, but it has been understudied compared with the role of morphological trait matchi…
View article: Fruit traits of pioneer trees structure seed dispersal across distances on tropical deforested landscapes: Implications for restoration
Fruit traits of pioneer trees structure seed dispersal across distances on tropical deforested landscapes: Implications for restoration Open
Pioneer trees with fleshy fruits are typically planted in restoration projects to attract frugivores as a mean to increase dispersal and accelerate forest regeneration. However, differences in fruit traits of pioneer trees can potentially …
View article: Enhanced heat tolerance of viral-infected aphids leads to niche expansion and reduced interspecific competition
Enhanced heat tolerance of viral-infected aphids leads to niche expansion and reduced interspecific competition Open
View article: Can network metrics predict vulnerability and species roles in bird‐dispersed plant communities? Not without behaviour
Can network metrics predict vulnerability and species roles in bird‐dispersed plant communities? Not without behaviour Open
Network metrics are widely used to infer the roles of mutualistic animals in plant communities and to predict the effect of species' loss. However, their empirical validation is scarce. Here we parameterized a joint species model of frugiv…
View article: How does avian seed dispersal shape the structure of early successional tropical forests?
How does avian seed dispersal shape the structure of early successional tropical forests? Open
Frugivores shape plant communities via seed dispersal of fleshy‐fruited plant species. However, the structural characteristics that frugivores impart to plant communities are little understood. Evaluating how frugivores structure plant com…
View article: A plant virus (BYDV) promotes trophic facilitation in aphids on wheat
A plant virus (BYDV) promotes trophic facilitation in aphids on wheat Open
View article: Diet complementation as a frequency‐dependent mechanism conferring advantages to rare plants via dispersal
Diet complementation as a frequency‐dependent mechanism conferring advantages to rare plants via dispersal Open
We used an agent‐based model to test the hypothesis that diet complementation by frugivores can promote the persistence of rare plant species in communities (DCH). Models simulated bird movement, frugivory, seed dispersal and plant recruit…
View article: Intraspecific and interspecific variation in thermotolerance and photoacclimation in <i>Symbiodinium</i> dinoflagellates
Intraspecific and interspecific variation in thermotolerance and photoacclimation in <i>Symbiodinium</i> dinoflagellates Open
Light and temperature are major drivers in the ecology and biogeography of symbiotic dinoflagellates living in corals and other cnidarians. We examined variations in physiology among 11 strains comprising five species of clade A Symbiodini…
View article: The role of frugivory in plant diversity maintenance – a simulation approach
The role of frugivory in plant diversity maintenance – a simulation approach Open
Frugivores may play a key role in plant species coexistence by equalizing the species’ representation in the seed rain. Rare species may benefit from enhanced dispersal if frugivores prefer locally scarce fruits, or if rare plants are foun…
View article: Dissecting the contributions of dispersal and host properties to the local abundance of a tropical mistletoe
Dissecting the contributions of dispersal and host properties to the local abundance of a tropical mistletoe Open
Summary The interplay between dispersal and adaptation to local environments ultimately determines the distribution of plant species, but their relative contribution remains little understood. Tropical mistletoes provide the opportunity to…
View article: Supplementary material from "Intraspecific and interspecific variation in thermotolerance and photoacclimation in <i>Symbiodinium</i> dinoflagellates"
Supplementary material from "Intraspecific and interspecific variation in thermotolerance and photoacclimation in <i>Symbiodinium</i> dinoflagellates" Open
Light and temperature are major drivers in the ecology and biogeography of symbiotic dinoflagellates living in corals and other cnidarians. We examined variations in physiology among 11 strains comprising five species of clade A Symbiod…
View article: Relative population growth rates, therotolerance, and relative photochemical efficiency;Fv/Fm changes between three strains of Clade A under different growth lights and temperatures from Intraspecific and interspecific variation in thermotolerance and photoacclimation in <i>Symbiodinium</i> dinoflagellates
Relative population growth rates, therotolerance, and relative photochemical efficiency;Fv/Fm changes between three strains of Clade A under different growth lights and temperatures from Intraspecific and interspecific variation in thermotolerance and photoacclimation in <i>Symbiodinium</i> dinoflagellates Open
Light and temperature are major drivers in the ecology and biogeography of symbiotic dinoflagellates living in corals and other cnidarians. We examined variations in physiology among 11 strains comprising five species of clade A Symbiod…
View article: Using Plant–Animal Interactions to Inform Tree Selection in Tree-Based Agroecosystems for Enhanced Biodiversity
Using Plant–Animal Interactions to Inform Tree Selection in Tree-Based Agroecosystems for Enhanced Biodiversity Open
The Neotropical region harbors the world's most diverse terrestrial plant communities. A key component of this diversity is a range of plant–animal interactions involving frugivory, nectarivory, and insectivory. Millions of Neotropical hec…
View article: Biological soil crust in Peru: first record and description
Biological soil crust in Peru: first record and description Open
The presence of biological soil crusts in the Andean and coastal regions is reported for the first time in Peru. Crusts dominated by cyanobacteria, lichens and/or mosses are described from localities in the coastal desert (Lomas) and in th…
View article: Generalist birds promote tropical forest regeneration and increase plant diversity via rare‐biased seed dispersal
Generalist birds promote tropical forest regeneration and increase plant diversity via rare‐biased seed dispersal Open
Regenerated forests now compose over half of the world's tropical forest cover and are increasingly important as providers of ecosystem services, freshwater, and biodiversity conservation. Much of the value and functionality of regeneratin…
View article: Differential effect of landscape structure on the large-scale dispersal of co-occurring bird-dispersed trees
Differential effect of landscape structure on the large-scale dispersal of co-occurring bird-dispersed trees Open
View article: Appendix B. Details on fruiting neighborhoods and dispersed seeds for focal plants.
Appendix B. Details on fruiting neighborhoods and dispersed seeds for focal plants. Open
Details on fruiting neighborhoods and dispersed seeds for focal plants.
View article: Appendix B. Maps showing the position of 15N enriched chili plants in Tumacacori, Arizona.
Appendix B. Maps showing the position of 15N enriched chili plants in Tumacacori, Arizona. Open
Maps showing the position of 15N enriched chili plants in Tumacacori, Arizona.
View article: Appendix A. A figure of the setup of the six experimental plots at the UPR Experimental Station showing location of plant neighborhoods and the 34 seed-collecting trays bearing bird perches, placed at four distance categories from center.
Appendix A. A figure of the setup of the six experimental plots at the UPR Experimental Station showing location of plant neighborhoods and the 34 seed-collecting trays bearing bird perches, placed at four distance categories from center. Open
A figure of the setup of the six experimental plots at the UPR Experimental Station showing location of plant neighborhoods and the 34 seed-collecting trays bearing bird perches, placed at four distance categories from center.