Tyron Chang
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View article: United States PRRSV 1-4-4 L1C.5 isolate demonstrates similar pathogenicity to a historic Chinese highly pathogenic PRRSV
United States PRRSV 1-4-4 L1C.5 isolate demonstrates similar pathogenicity to a historic Chinese highly pathogenic PRRSV Open
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major economic and animal health burden on the United States swine industry due to morbidity- and mortality-associated losses affecting all stages of pig production. Currentl…
View article: Metabolic reprogramming tips vaccinia virus infection outcomes by stabilizing interferon-γ induced IRF1
Metabolic reprogramming tips vaccinia virus infection outcomes by stabilizing interferon-γ induced IRF1 Open
Interferon (IFN) induced activities are critical, early determinants of immune responses and infection outcomes. A key facet of IFN responses is the upregulation of hundreds of mRNAs termed interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) that activate …
View article: Metabolic reprogramming tips vaccinia virus infection outcomes by stabilizing interferon-γ induced IRF1
Metabolic reprogramming tips vaccinia virus infection outcomes by stabilizing interferon-γ induced IRF1 Open
Interferon (IFN) induced activities are critical, early determinants of immune responses and infection outcomes. A key facet of IFN responses is the upregulation of hundreds of mRNAs termed interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) that activate …
View article: Evolutionary signatures of host-virus conflict reveal a family of micropeptides regulating mito-immune functions
Evolutionary signatures of host-virus conflict reveal a family of micropeptides regulating mito-immune functions Open
Genomics has led to an expansive set of predicted genes; yet, functional annotation is rate-limiting. To drive discovery of immune functions, we exploit genomic scars of pathogen-conflict like rapid evolution and virologs. Virologs are hos…
View article: Secondary cues alter ISG protein repertoires to unlock antiviral subprograms triggered by interferons
Secondary cues alter ISG protein repertoires to unlock antiviral subprograms triggered by interferons Open
Immune defenses are triggered by cytokines like interferon-α (IFN-α) and IFN-γ in diverse cells. Both IFNs induce a class of factors termed IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Many ISG proteins have antiviral functions. There is a growing appreci…
View article: WY14643 Increases Herpesvirus Replication and Inhibits IFNβ Production Independently of PPARα Expression
WY14643 Increases Herpesvirus Replication and Inhibits IFNβ Production Independently of PPARα Expression Open
PPAR agonists are used clinically to treat both metabolic and inflammatory disorders. Because viruses are known to rewire host metabolism to their own benefit, the intersection of immunity, metabolism, and virology is an important research…
View article: Mitochondria and Viral Infection: Advances and Emerging Battlefronts
Mitochondria and Viral Infection: Advances and Emerging Battlefronts Open
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles vital for energy production with now appreciated roles in immune defense. During microbial infection, mitochondria serve as signaling hubs to induce immune responses to counteract invading pathogens like…
View article: WY14643 Increases Herpesvirus Replication Independently of PPARα Expression and Inhibits IFNβ Production
WY14643 Increases Herpesvirus Replication Independently of PPARα Expression and Inhibits IFNβ Production Open
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) agonists are commonly used to treat metabolic disorders in humans because they regulate fatty acid oxidation and cholesterol metabolism. In addition to their roles in controlling metabolism…
View article: Th2 Cytokine Modulates Herpesvirus Reactivation in a Cell Type-Specific Manner
Th2 Cytokine Modulates Herpesvirus Reactivation in a Cell Type-Specific Manner Open
Herpesviruses establish lifelong quiescent infections in specific cells in the body and reactivate to produce infectious virus only when precise signals induce them to do so. The signals that induce herpesvirus reactivation are often studi…
View article: Signatures of host–pathogen evolutionary conflict reveal MISTR—A conserved MItochondrial STress Response network
Signatures of host–pathogen evolutionary conflict reveal MISTR—A conserved MItochondrial STress Response network Open
Host–pathogen conflicts leave genetic signatures in genes that are critical for host defense functions. Using these “molecular scars” as a guide to discover gene functions, we discovered a vertebrate-specific MI tochondrial ST ress R espon…
View article: Th2 Cytokine Modulates Herpesvirus Reactivation in a Cell Type Specific Manner
Th2 Cytokine Modulates Herpesvirus Reactivation in a Cell Type Specific Manner Open
Gammaherpesviruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi’s sarcoma associated virus (KSHV), and murine γ-herpesvirus 68 (MHV68), establish latent infection in B cells, macrophages, and non-lymphoid cells, and can induce both lymphoid a…
View article: MISTR: A conserved MItochondrial STress Response network revealed by signatures of evolutionary conflict
MISTR: A conserved MItochondrial STress Response network revealed by signatures of evolutionary conflict Open
Host-pathogen conflicts leave genetic signatures of variation in homologous host genes. Using these “molecular scars” as a guide, we discovered a vertebrate-specific MI tochondrial ST ress R esponse circuit (MISTR). MISTR proteins are asso…
View article: Metabolic Control of Viral Infection through PPAR-α Regulation of STING Signaling
Metabolic Control of Viral Infection through PPAR-α Regulation of STING Signaling Open
Peroxisomal proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are sensors of dietary lipids and pharmacological targets in the treatment of metabolic disorders. PPAR ligands are also immunosuppressive. However, their function during infection is de…