T. Ulmar Grafe
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View article: An insect trap adjusting to weather conditions: <i>Nepenthes rafflesiana</i> plants control the fluid level in their pitchers to maximize prey capture
An insect trap adjusting to weather conditions: <i>Nepenthes rafflesiana</i> plants control the fluid level in their pitchers to maximize prey capture Open
Background and Aims Many carnivorous plants rely on open fluid pools or droplets to trap and digest arthropod prey. Here, we investigate, for Nepenthes rafflesiana pitcher plants, how they maintain functional fluid pools inside their traps…
View article: Uninvited guests: diversity and specificity of Trypanosoma infections in frog-biting midges (Corethrella spp.)
Uninvited guests: diversity and specificity of Trypanosoma infections in frog-biting midges (Corethrella spp.) Open
Background Female frog-biting midges ( Corethrella ) are hematophagous micropredators that feed on frogs and serve as vectors for trypanosomes ( Trypanosoma ), unicellular flagellate parasites. Little is known about the infection ecology a…
View article: UV treatment of the digestive fluid of Nepenthes hemsleyana pitcher plants affects their digestive process, possibly via reducing microbial inquilines
UV treatment of the digestive fluid of Nepenthes hemsleyana pitcher plants affects their digestive process, possibly via reducing microbial inquilines Open
Interactions with microbes are ubiquitous, and many of them are essential for the survival and success of plants. In Nepenthes pitcher plants, they occur as part of a diverse community of organisms, so-called inquilines, that live inside t…
View article: Arms race of physical defences: hooked trichomes of <i>Macaranga</i> ant-plants kill lycaenid caterpillars, but one specialist has a counter-defence
Arms race of physical defences: hooked trichomes of <i>Macaranga</i> ant-plants kill lycaenid caterpillars, but one specialist has a counter-defence Open
The coevolution of insects and chemical plant defences has been described as an arms race, but it is unclear whether physical plant defences can produce similar outcomes. Here, we report a previously unknown interaction from the mutualism …
View article: Mapping Multiple Wild Pig Species’ Population Dynamics in Southeast Asia During the African Swine Fever Outbreak (2018–2024)
Mapping Multiple Wild Pig Species’ Population Dynamics in Southeast Asia During the African Swine Fever Outbreak (2018–2024) Open
The 2018 arrival of African swine fever (ASF) in China was followed by reports of wild pig deaths across most countries in Southeast Asia. However, the magnitude and duration of population‐level impacts of ASF on wild pig species remain un…
View article: Three-dimensional Tracking Method for Water-Hopping Mudskippers in Natural Habitats
Three-dimensional Tracking Method for Water-Hopping Mudskippers in Natural Habitats Open
We present a portable, non-invasive, and low-cost three-dimensional tracking method to quantify in situ water-hopping kinematics of mudskippers. By combining dual-camera video recordings with tracking fish path, Gaussian Splatting terrain …
View article: Arms race of physical defences: Hooked trichomes of<i>Macaranga</i>ant-plants kill lycaenid caterpillars, but one specialist has a counter-defence
Arms race of physical defences: Hooked trichomes of<i>Macaranga</i>ant-plants kill lycaenid caterpillars, but one specialist has a counter-defence Open
The co-evolution of insects and chemical plant defences has been described as an arms-race, but it is unclear if physical plant defences can produce similar outcomes. Here we report a previously unknown interaction from the mutualism betwe…
View article: Acoustic phenology of tropical resident birds differs between native forest species and parkland colonizer species
Acoustic phenology of tropical resident birds differs between native forest species and parkland colonizer species Open
Most birds are characterized by a seasonal phenology closely adapted to local climatic conditions, even in tropical habitats where climatic seasonality is slight. In order to better understand the phenologies of resident tropical birds, an…
View article: Acoustic phenology among tropical resident birds differs between native forest species and parkland colonizer species
Acoustic phenology among tropical resident birds differs between native forest species and parkland colonizer species Open
Most birds are characterized by a seasonal phenology closely adapted to local climatic conditions, even in tropical habitats where climatic seasonality is slight. In order to better understand the phenologies of resident tropical birds, an…
View article: A new, unusually large, Clavicornaltica Scherer, 1974 flea beetle from Borneo, described and sequenced in the field by citizen scientists (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae)
A new, unusually large, Clavicornaltica Scherer, 1974 flea beetle from Borneo, described and sequenced in the field by citizen scientists (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) Open
The genus Clavicornaltica Scherer 1974 consists of very small, soil-dwelling flea beetles in South, Southeast and East Asia. Due to their diminutive size and morphological similarities, very little is known about their ecology and taxonomi…
View article: The dynamic avifaunal assemblage of a fragmented urbanised habitat at Universiti Brunei Darussalam
The dynamic avifaunal assemblage of a fragmented urbanised habitat at Universiti Brunei Darussalam Open
Urbanisation reshapes ecosystems and fundamentally influences species assemblages. Urban habitats are also highly dynamic with changes taking place on both spatial and temporal scales. The campus of Universiti Brunei Darussalam is an examp…
View article: A new semi-slug of the genus Microparmarion from Brunei, discovered, described and DNA-barcoded on citizen-science 'taxon expeditions' (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Ariophantidae)
A new semi-slug of the genus Microparmarion from Brunei, discovered, described and DNA-barcoded on citizen-science 'taxon expeditions' (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Ariophantidae) Open
During citizen-science expeditions to the Ulu Temburong National Park, Brunei, several individuals were collected of a semi-slug species of the genus Microparmarion that, based on morphology and in-the-field DNA-barcoding, was found to be …
View article: Genomic evidence for rapid speciation and gene flow between sympatric carnivorous<i>Nepenthes</i>pitcher plants
Genomic evidence for rapid speciation and gene flow between sympatric carnivorous<i>Nepenthes</i>pitcher plants Open
Speciation can result from both neutral and adaptive processes, but their relative importance and the factors exerting selective pressures are incompletely understood. In theory, interspecific gene flow could suffice to reverse speciation,…
View article: Adaptive evolution of carnivory in<i>Nepenthes</i>pitcher plants: a comparative transcriptomics and proteomics perspective
Adaptive evolution of carnivory in<i>Nepenthes</i>pitcher plants: a comparative transcriptomics and proteomics perspective Open
While trait diversity associated with evolutionary radiations is easily recognized, their function and adaptive relevance often remain elusive. Here we study the evolution of carnivory genes in Nepenthes , an iconic radiation of carnivorou…
View article: Effectiveness of acoustic lures for increasing tropical forest understory bat captures
Effectiveness of acoustic lures for increasing tropical forest understory bat captures Open
Bats are the most diverse mammalian order second to rodents, with 1400+ species globally. In the tropics, it is possible to find more than 60 bat species at a single site. However, monitoring bats is challenging due to their small size, ab…
View article: Novel Acoustic Snapshot of a Sarawak Forest
Novel Acoustic Snapshot of a Sarawak Forest Open
Auditory signals are often used by forest species to attract mates, define and defend territories, and locate prey, and thus these signals may be monitored and used to estimate species presence, richness and acoustic complexity of a patch …
View article: Distribution of arboreal nocturnal mammals in northern Borneo
Distribution of arboreal nocturnal mammals in northern Borneo Open
This study aimed to determine the distribution of arboreal nocturnal mammals in northern Borneo, in particular the Bornean Striped Palm Civet Arctogalidia stigmatica, Philippine Slow Loris Nycticebus menagensis, Western Tarsier Cephalophac…
View article: Beyond the limits: identifying the high-frequency detectors in the anuran ear
Beyond the limits: identifying the high-frequency detectors in the anuran ear Open
Despite the predominance of low-frequency hearing in anuran amphibians, a few frog species have evolved high-frequency communication within certain environmental contexts. Huia cavitympanum is the most remarkable anuran with regard to uppe…
View article: Craspedotropis gretathunbergae, a new species of Cyclophoridae (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda), discovered and described on a field course to Kuala Belalong rainforest, Brunei
Craspedotropis gretathunbergae, a new species of Cyclophoridae (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda), discovered and described on a field course to Kuala Belalong rainforest, Brunei Open
Terrestrial Caenogastropoda form an important but threatened component of the Borneo tropical rainforest malacofauna, where the group is nearly as rich in species as the Stylommatophora. They are, however, more sensitive to drought, temper…
View article: Amphibian species diversity in the proposed extension of the Bukit Teraja Protection Forest, Brunei Darussalam
Amphibian species diversity in the proposed extension of the Bukit Teraja Protection Forest, Brunei Darussalam Open
Amphibian species diversity was investigated within the lowland mixed-dipterocarp forest of the proposed extension of the Bukit Teraja Protection Forest (BTPF), Brunei Darussalam in north-west Borneo. A combination of both visual encounter…
View article: Sex is determined by XY chromosomes across the radiation of dioecious<i>Nepenthes</i>pitcher plants
Sex is determined by XY chromosomes across the radiation of dioecious<i>Nepenthes</i>pitcher plants Open
Species with separate sexes (dioecy) are a minority among flowering plants, but dioecy has evolved multiple times independently in their history. The sex-determination system and sex-linked genomic regions are currently identified in a lim…
View article: A new species of Clavicornaltica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), discovered and described on a field course to Kuala Belalong, Brunei
A new species of Clavicornaltica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), discovered and described on a field course to Kuala Belalong, Brunei Open
Clavicornaltica is a genus of very small flea beetles living in the leaf litter layer of Asian forests, easily sampled with Winkler extraction. The genus is presumably very rich in species, but their taxonomy is hampered by their small siz…
View article: Carpooling with ecologists, geographers and taxonomists: perceptions from conducting environmental research in tropical regions
Carpooling with ecologists, geographers and taxonomists: perceptions from conducting environmental research in tropical regions Open
Greater than 80% of species on Earth are awaiting formal description, and simultaneously, many of these species unknown to science are becoming extinct. Here we highlight the importance and benefits of collaborating and working in interdis…
View article: Factors influencing tadpole deposition site choice in a frog with male parental care: An experimental field study
Factors influencing tadpole deposition site choice in a frog with male parental care: An experimental field study Open
Parents have evolved a variety of strategies to minimize risks to their offspring, including complex choices regarding suitable rearing sites, based on abiotic and biotic factors, which differentially affect offspring survival. Because ava…
View article: Prolonged parental behaviour by males of<i>Limnonectes palavanensis</i>(Boulenger 1894), a frog with possible sex-role reversal
Prolonged parental behaviour by males of<i>Limnonectes palavanensis</i>(Boulenger 1894), a frog with possible sex-role reversal Open
Goyes Vallejos, Johana, Grafe, T. Ulmar, Wells, Kentwood D. (2018): Prolonged parental behaviour by males of Limnonectes palavanensis (Boulenger 1894), a frog with possible sex-role reversal. Journal of Natural History 52 (37-38): 2473-248…
View article: Lowland rainforest bat communities of Ulu Temburong National Park with two new records for Brunei Darussalam
Lowland rainforest bat communities of Ulu Temburong National Park with two new records for Brunei Darussalam Open
Tropical rainforest ecosystems have high levels of both animal and plant biodiversity with many aspects of their ecology understudied. In particular, extensive research is still required to gather accurate estimates of distribution and abu…
View article: Sex-determination and sex chromosomes are shared across the radiation of dioecious<i>Nepenthes</i>pitcher plants
Sex-determination and sex chromosomes are shared across the radiation of dioecious<i>Nepenthes</i>pitcher plants Open
Plants with separate sexes (dioecy) represent a minority but dioecy has evolved multiple times independently in plants. Our understanding of sex determination systems in plants and of the ecological factors and molecular changes associated…