Umar Chaudhry
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View article: What are the perceptions and concerns of people living with diabetes and National Health Service staff around the potential implementation of <scp>AI</scp> ‐assisted screening for diabetic eye disease?
What are the perceptions and concerns of people living with diabetes and National Health Service staff around the potential implementation of <span>AI</span> ‐assisted screening for diabetic eye disease? Open
Aims To explore attitudes of people living with diabetes (PLD) and healthcare professionals (HCP) towards the use of automated retinal image analysis systems using artificial intelligence (AI) in NHS Diabetic Eye Screening Programmes (DESP…
View article: Body mass index and infection risks in people with and without type 2 diabetes: A cohort study using electronic health records
Body mass index and infection risks in people with and without type 2 diabetes: A cohort study using electronic health records Open
Background Observational studies have found U-shaped associations between body mass index (BMI) and infections. While people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are generally more likely to live with obesity and be at higher risk of infections, it …
View article: HbA1c variability and all-cause mortality in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A population-based cohort study using electronic health records
HbA1c variability and all-cause mortality in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A population-based cohort study using electronic health records Open
Variability in HbA1c was associated with greater subsequent mortality among people living with diabetes, independent from average HbA1c. Future research should investigate whether reducing HbA1c variability over time in selected patients l…
View article: Contribution of infection to mortality in people with type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study using electronic records
Contribution of infection to mortality in people with type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study using electronic records Open
National Institute for Health and Care Research.
View article: Tuberculosis and Increased Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease: Cohort Study Using United States and United Kingdom Health Records
Tuberculosis and Increased Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease: Cohort Study Using United States and United Kingdom Health Records Open
Background Limited evidence suggests elevated risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among people diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) disease, though studies have not adjusted for preexisting CVD risk. We carried out a cohort study using 2 sep…
View article: Effects of long-term HbA1c variability on serious infection risks in patients with type 2 diabetes and the influence of age, sex and ethnicity: A cohort study of primary care data
Effects of long-term HbA1c variability on serious infection risks in patients with type 2 diabetes and the influence of age, sex and ethnicity: A cohort study of primary care data Open
HbA1c variability between T2D patients' primary care visits appears to be associated with more serious infections than average level overall. Well-designed trials could test whether these associations are causal.
View article: A matched cohort study evaluating the risks of infections in people with type 1 diabetes and their associations with glycated haemoglobin
A matched cohort study evaluating the risks of infections in people with type 1 diabetes and their associations with glycated haemoglobin Open
Infections are a significant health burden in T1D. Improved glycaemic control may reduce infection risks, while prompter infection treatments may reduce hospital admissions.
View article: What are the perceptions and concerns of people living with diabetes and National Health Service staff around the potential implementation of AI-assisted screening for diabetic eye disease? Development and validation of a survey for use in a secondary care screening setting
What are the perceptions and concerns of people living with diabetes and National Health Service staff around the potential implementation of AI-assisted screening for diabetic eye disease? Development and validation of a survey for use in a secondary care screening setting Open
Introduction The English National Health Service (NHS) Diabetic Eye Screening Programme (DESP) performs around 2.3 million eye screening appointments annually, generating approximately 13 million retinal images that are graded by humans fo…
View article: Human migration on a heating planet: A scoping review
Human migration on a heating planet: A scoping review Open
Whilst people’s migration outcomes may be influenced by climate change, the interaction of heat with migration and migrants is little understood. This scoping review explores the relationship between heat and human migration, focusing on i…
View article: Evaluating ethnic variations in the risk of infections in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: a matched cohort study
Evaluating ethnic variations in the risk of infections in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: a matched cohort study Open
Objective People living with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are at higher infection risk, but it is unknown how this risk varies by ethnicity, or whether the risk is similarly observed in people with non-diabetic hyperglycaemia (“prediabetes”). …
View article: Evaluating Ethnic Variations in the Risk of Infections in People With Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: A Matched Cohort Study
Evaluating Ethnic Variations in the Risk of Infections in People With Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: A Matched Cohort Study Open
OBJECTIVE People living with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at higher infection risk, but it is unknown how this risk varies by ethnicity or whether the risk is similarly observed in people with nondiabetic hyperglycemia (“prediabetes”). RESEAR…
View article: Evaluating ethnic variations in the risk of infections in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: a matched cohort study
Evaluating ethnic variations in the risk of infections in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: a matched cohort study Open
Objective People living with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are at higher infection risk, but it is unknown how this risk varies by ethnicity, or whether the risk is similarly observed in people with non-diabetic hyperglycaemia (“prediabetes”). …
View article: Prevalence of co-morbidity and history of recent infection in patients with neuromuscular disease: A cross-sectional analysis of United Kingdom primary care data
Prevalence of co-morbidity and history of recent infection in patients with neuromuscular disease: A cross-sectional analysis of United Kingdom primary care data Open
Background People with neuromuscular disease (NMD) experience a broader range of chronic diseases and health symptoms compared to the general population. However, no comprehensive analysis has directly quantified this to our knowledge. Met…
View article: Helping medical undergraduate students to understand healthcare costs
Helping medical undergraduate students to understand healthcare costs Open
Developing clinical leadership competencies in medical students ideally would be an experiential process. One crucial leadership competency in the UK Faculty of Medical Leadership and Management leadership framework, is ‘managing services’…
View article: Nonpharmacological Interventions to Lengthen Sleep Duration in Healthy Children
Nonpharmacological Interventions to Lengthen Sleep Duration in Healthy Children Open
Importance Adequate sleep duration is necessary for many aspects of child health, development, and well-being, yet sleep durations for children are declining, and effective strategies to increase sleep in healthy children remain to be eluc…
View article: Prevalence and incidence of neuromuscular conditions in the UK between 2000 and 2019: A retrospective study using primary care data
Prevalence and incidence of neuromuscular conditions in the UK between 2000 and 2019: A retrospective study using primary care data Open
Background In the UK, large-scale electronic primary care datasets can provide up-to-date, accurate epidemiological information on rarer diseases, where specialist diagnoses from hospital discharges and clinic letters are generally well re…
View article: Risk factors for excess all-cause mortality during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in England: A retrospective cohort study of primary care data
Risk factors for excess all-cause mortality during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in England: A retrospective cohort study of primary care data Open
Background The COVID-19 pandemic’s first wave in England during spring 2020 resulted in an approximate 50% increase in all-cause mortality. Previously, risk factors such as age and ethnicity, were identified by studying COVID-related death…
View article: Vaccination uptake amongst older adults from minority ethnic backgrounds: A systematic review
Vaccination uptake amongst older adults from minority ethnic backgrounds: A systematic review Open
Background Older adults from minority ethnic backgrounds are at increased risk of contracting COVID-19 and developing severe infection and have increased risk of mortality. Whilst an age-based vaccination approach prioritising older groups…
View article: OP03 Comparative analysis of risk factors for excess and usual mortality during the first 2020 COVID-19 pandemic phase in England*
OP03 Comparative analysis of risk factors for excess and usual mortality during the first 2020 COVID-19 pandemic phase in England* Open
Background The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in England resulted in an approximate 50% increase in all-cause mortality during mid-March to mid-May 2020. Previous analyses have studied COVID-related deaths, but these were under-record…
View article: OP89 Prevalence and incidence of recorded neuromuscular conditions in primary care in the UK between 2000 and 2019
OP89 Prevalence and incidence of recorded neuromuscular conditions in primary care in the UK between 2000 and 2019 Open
Background Large-scale electronic primary care datasets can provide up-to-date, accurate epidemiological information on rarer diseases. In the UK, approximately 70,000 people are estimated to be living with neuromuscular disease (NMD), but…
View article: OP17 Which interventions improve sleep duration in children? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
OP17 Which interventions improve sleep duration in children? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Open
Background Adequate sleep duration in childhood has important implications for social, mental, and physical well-being. Recent evidence has demonstrated declining sleep durations in children; therefore effective interventions to improve sl…
View article: Covid-19 vaccination hesitancy
Covid-19 vaccination hesitancy Open
### What you need to know
Rollout of covid-19 vaccination is well underway, with more than 700 million doses given worldwide as of April 2021.1 Vaccination is highly effective at reducing severe illness and death from covid-19. Vaccines f…
View article: One-Lung Ventilation in a Patient With Necrotizing Pneumonia Complicated by a Bronchopleural Fistula
One-Lung Ventilation in a Patient With Necrotizing Pneumonia Complicated by a Bronchopleural Fistula Open
A 32-year-old male with morbid obesity presented to the emergency department with a one-week history of shortness of breath and productive cough. This patient had previously been evaluated at an urgent care facility, diagnosed with pneumon…
View article: Risk factors for excess all-cause mortality during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in England: A retrospective cohort study of primary care data
Risk factors for excess all-cause mortality during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in England: A retrospective cohort study of primary care data Open
Background The COVID-19 pandemic’s first wave in England during spring 2020 resulted in an approximate 50% increase in all-cause mortality. Previously, risk factors such as age and ethnicity, were identified by studying COVID-related death…
View article: Prevalence and incidence of neuromuscular conditions in the UK between 2000 and 2019: A retrospective study using primary care data
Prevalence and incidence of neuromuscular conditions in the UK between 2000 and 2019: A retrospective study using primary care data Open
Background In the UK, large-scale electronic primary care datasets can provide up-to-date, accurate epidemiological information on rarer diseases, where specialist diagnoses from hospital discharges and clinic letters are generally well re…
View article: Effectiveness of adult community-based physical activity interventions with objective physical activity measurements and long-term follow-up: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Effectiveness of adult community-based physical activity interventions with objective physical activity measurements and long-term follow-up: a systematic review and meta-analysis Open
Objective To identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of physical activity (PA) interventions with objective PA outcomes in adults and to evaluate whether intervention effects were sustained beyond 12 months. Design Systematic review a…