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View article: Recent stagnation period and unprecedented deoxygenation in the Baltic Sea: causes and consequences
Recent stagnation period and unprecedented deoxygenation in the Baltic Sea: causes and consequences Open
The properties of the Baltic Sea deep waters are strongly influenced by the alternation between Major Baltic Inflows (MBIs) and the stagnation periods separating them. In the present observation-based study, we report developments in the C…
View article: Forcing-dependent submesoscale variability and subduction in a coastal sea area (Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea)
Forcing-dependent submesoscale variability and subduction in a coastal sea area (Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea) Open
Submesoscale (SMS) processes in a stratified coastal environment of the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) were investigated using glider missions and a realistic simulation with a grid spacing of 0.125 nautical miles. The study period covered t…
View article: Microplastics (10 µm-5 mm) in European Atlantic Coastal Waters
Microplastics (10 µm-5 mm) in European Atlantic Coastal Waters Open
Microplastics (MPs) are pervasive pollutants in coastal waters, raising significant ecological concerns. This study assessed the abundance and characteristics of small-sized MPs (down to 10 µm) across European Atlantic coastal sites using …
View article: Applicability of Copernicus marine service products for the eutrophication status assessment of the Baltic Sea
Applicability of Copernicus marine service products for the eutrophication status assessment of the Baltic Sea Open
Eutrophication status assessments of the Baltic Sea rely on regionally agreed monitoring and assessment methodologies based on indicators with thresholds of achieving or not achieving a good environmental status. Model outputs can be used …
View article: Mapping microplastic pathways and accumulation zones in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea – insights from modeling
Mapping microplastic pathways and accumulation zones in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea – insights from modeling Open
A hydrodynamic model coupled with a particle tracking model was used to identify the pathways and accumulation areas of microplastics (MP) in the Gulf of Finland (GoF) over a three-year period (2018-2020). Two key sources, wastewater treat…
View article: Forcing-dependent submesoscale variability and subduction in a coastal sea area (Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea)
Forcing-dependent submesoscale variability and subduction in a coastal sea area (Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea) Open
Submesoscale (SMS) processes within a stratified coastal environment are characterized based on glider missions and a realistic simulation with the SMS permitting grid spacing of 0.125 nautical miles. The study period covered the condition…
View article: Variability of pycnoclines in a three-layer, large estuary: the Gulf of Finland
Variability of pycnoclines in a three-layer, large estuary: the Gulf of Finland Open
Thirty-five surveys were conducted across the Gulf of Finland from 2006 to 2013 to study the characteristics and variability of the two pycnoclines in this stratified estuary. Easterly winds caused a shallower position of the upper pycnocl…
View article: Seasonal dynamics and regional distribution patterns of CO <sub>2</sub> and CH <sub>4</sub> in the north-eastern Baltic Sea
Seasonal dynamics and regional distribution patterns of CO <sub>2</sub> and CH <sub>4</sub> in the north-eastern Baltic Sea Open
Significant research has been carried out in the last decade to describe the CO2 system dynamics in the Baltic Sea. However, there is a lack of knowledge in this field in the NE Baltic Sea, which is the main focus of the present study. We …
View article: Current structure, circulation and transport in the Central Baltic Sea observed by array of moorings and gliders
Current structure, circulation and transport in the Central Baltic Sea observed by array of moorings and gliders Open
An array of moored current meters and gliders were deployed across the Central Baltic Sea. Weak and low persistent currents driven by the wind-driven Ekman transport were observed in the upper layer in the offshore area. Stronger currents …
View article: Seasonal dynamics and regional distribution patterns of CO <sub>2</sub> and CH <sub>4</sub> in the north-eastern Baltic Sea
Seasonal dynamics and regional distribution patterns of CO <sub>2</sub> and CH <sub>4</sub> in the north-eastern Baltic Sea Open
Significant research has been carried out in the last decade to describe the CO2 system dynamics in the Baltic Sea. However, there is a lack of knowledge in this field in the NE Baltic Sea, which is the main focus of the present study. We …
View article: Continuing long-term expansion of low-oxygen conditions in the Eastern Gulf of Finland
Continuing long-term expansion of low-oxygen conditions in the Eastern Gulf of Finland Open
To develop an oxygen indicator for the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland (EGOF), a dataset covering 1900–2021 was compiled. The analysis revealed a long-term declining trend in dissolved oxygen concentrations in the EGOF deep layer of 0.…
View article: Submesoscale processes in the surface layer of the central Baltic Sea: A high-resolution modelling study
Submesoscale processes in the surface layer of the central Baltic Sea: A high-resolution modelling study Open
A high-resolution model with a horizontal resolution of 250 m was used to analyze the surface eddy fields and the distribution of kinetic energy in the Baltic Sea. The results indicate a close relationship between the wind speed and the ki…
View article: High-resolution characterization of the development and decay of seasonal hypoxia in the Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea
High-resolution characterization of the development and decay of seasonal hypoxia in the Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea Open
The Gulf of Riga is a shallow basin in the eastern Baltic Sea connected to the Central Baltic Sea via shallow straits. Seasonal oxygen depletion occurs in the deep layer of the gulf. We conducted hourly measurements of dissolved oxygen, te…
View article: Modeling the transport and accumulation of microplastics in the Gulf of Finland
Modeling the transport and accumulation of microplastics in the Gulf of Finland Open
In this study, we conduct numerical simulations to investigate the transport and accumulation of microplastics (MPs) in the Gulf of Finland (eastern Baltic Sea). The transport of MPs is simulated using a Lagrangian particle tracking model,…
View article: Submesoscale variability in a mesoscale front captured by a glider mission in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea
Submesoscale variability in a mesoscale front captured by a glider mission in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea Open
Modern research methods enable unfolding the structure of the water column with higher resolution than ever, revealing the importance of submesoscale. Submesoscale processes have intermediate space and time scales of <5 km and a few day…
View article: Developing Realistic Models for Assessing Marine Plastic Pollution in Semi-Enclosed Seas
Developing Realistic Models for Assessing Marine Plastic Pollution in Semi-Enclosed Seas Open
Having steadily increased with global production in the past 50 years, the presence and accumulation of plastic debris is now recognized as a major environmental problem, with consequences directly affecting not only marine ecosystems, but…
View article: Assessment of the benefits of the BOOS-HELCOM integrated system and recommendations for transfer this to other sea areas
Assessment of the benefits of the BOOS-HELCOM integrated system and recommendations for transfer this to other sea areas Open
This report summarises demonstrated benefit from integrating BOOS and HELCOM observations with CMEMS observations, including i) improved observation data accessibility by BOOS, CMEMS INSTAC and EMODnet, ii) improved quality of frequently u…
View article: Causes of the extensive hypoxia in the Gulf of Riga in 2018
Causes of the extensive hypoxia in the Gulf of Riga in 2018 Open
The Gulf of Riga is a relatively shallow bay connected to the deeper central Baltic Sea (Baltic Proper) via straits with sills. The decrease in the near-bottom oxygen levels from spring to autumn is a common feature in the gulf, but in 201…
View article: Quasi-steady circulation regimes in the Baltic Sea
Quasi-steady circulation regimes in the Baltic Sea Open
Circulation plays an essential role in the creation of physical and biogeochemical fluxes in the Baltic Sea. The main aim of the work was to study the quasi-steady circulation patterns under prevailing forcing conditions. A total of 6 mont…
View article: ADCP and GETM simulation data in the Baltic Proper
ADCP and GETM simulation data in the Baltic Proper Open
The dataset is complementary material of the Liblik et al. 2022 study https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2021-123. The dataset includes: 1) 6 months of ADCP current data in MatLab mat format collected at the eastern coast of Baltic Proper. 2) GETM…
View article: ADCP and GETM simulation data in the Baltic Proper
ADCP and GETM simulation data in the Baltic Proper Open
The dataset is complementary material of the Liblik et al. 2022 study https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2021-123. The dataset includes: 1) 6 months of ADCP current data in MatLab mat format collected at the eastern coast of Baltic Proper. 2) GETM…
View article: Spatiotemporal Variability of Microplastics in the Eastern Baltic Sea
Spatiotemporal Variability of Microplastics in the Eastern Baltic Sea Open
Microplastic (MP) pollution is present in all aquatic environments and is gaining critical concern. We have conducted sea surface MP monitoring with a Manta trawl at 16 sampling stations in the eastern Baltic Sea in 2016–2020. The concentr…
View article: Potential of CMEMS products for assessing eutrophication status and natural variability in the north-eastern Baltic Sea.
Potential of CMEMS products for assessing eutrophication status and natural variability in the north-eastern Baltic Sea. Open
<p>Monitoring and assessment in the Baltic Sea region have been coordinated by HELCOM (Helsinki Commission) since 1979, with the first periodic assessment published in 1986. HELCOM latest assessments are based on indicators that refl…